Lüderitz
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Lüderitz Lüderitzbucht |
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Town | ||
View of Lüderitz
View of Lüderitz
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Motto: Challenge, Innovation, Prosperity | ||
Location in Namibia | ||
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. | ||
Country | Namibia | |
Region | ǁKaras Region | |
Constituency | ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency | |
Established | 1883 | |
Government | ||
• Mayor | Hambelela Suzan Ndjaleka[1] | |
Population (2011)[2] | ||
• Total | 12,537 |
Lüderitz is a harbour town[3] in southwest Namibia, lying on one of the least hospitable coasts in Africa. It is a port developed around Robert Harbour and Shark Island.
The town is known for its colonial architecture, including some Art Nouveau work, and for wildlife including seals, penguins, flamingos and ostriches. It is also home to a museum, and lies at the end of a currently[update] decommissioned railway line to Keetmanshoop.
In 2013, it was reported that Lüderitz was renamed into ǃNamiǂNûs. This pertains only to the constituency, though.[4]
Contents
History
The bay on which Lüderitz is situated was first known to Europeans when Bartolomeu Dias encountered it in 1487. He named the bay Angra Pequena (Portuguese: Small Bay) and erected a padrão (stone cross) on the southern peninsula. In the 18th century Dutch adventurers and scientists explored the area in search of minerals but did not have much success. Further exploration expeditions followed in the early 19th century during which the vast wildlife in the ocean was discovered. Profitable enterprises were set up, including whaling, seal hunting, fishing, and guano-harvesting. Lüderitz thus began its life as a trading post.[5]
The town was founded in 1883 when Heinrich Vogelsang purchased Angra Pequena and some of the surrounding land on behalf of Adolf Lüderitz, a Hanseat from Bremen in Germany, from the local Nama chief Josef Frederiks II in Bethanie. When Adolf Lüderitz did not return from an expedition to the Orange River in 1886, Angra Pequena was named Lüderitzbucht in his honour.[5] In 1905, German authorities established a concentration camp on Shark Island The camp, access to which was very restricted, operated between 1905 and 1907 during the Herero Wars. Between 1,000 and 3,000 Africans from the Herero and Nama tribes died here as a result of the tragic conditions of forced labor. Their labor was used for expansion of the city, railway, port and on the farms of white settlers.[6][7][8]
In 1909, after the discovery of diamonds nearby, Lüderitz enjoyed a sudden surge of prosperity due to the development of a diamond rush to the area. In 1912 Lüderitz already had 1,100 inhabitants, not counting the indigenous population. Although situated in harsh environment between desert and Ocean, trade in the harbour town surged, and the adjacent diamond mining settlement of Kolmanskop was built.[9]
After the German World War I capitulation South Africa took over the administration of German South-West Africa in 1915. Many Germans were deported from Lüderitz, contributing to its shrinking in population numbers. From 1920 onwards, diamond mining was only conducted further south of town in places like Pomona and Elizabeth Bay. This development consequently led to the loss of Lüderitz' importance as trade place. Only small fishing enterprises, minimal dock activity, and a few carpet weavers remained.[9]
In an effort to remove colonial names from the maps of Namibia, the Namibian government in 2013 renamed the constituency into ǃNamiǂNûs, the native speakers name before in 1884 the Germans called the place Lüderitz was Chanugaub.[10][11]
Geography
The harbour has a very shallow rock bottom, making it unusable for modern ships; this led to Walvis Bay becoming the centre of the Namibian shipping industry. Recently, however, the addition of a new quay has allowed larger fishing vessels to dock at Lüderitz. The town has also re-styled itself in an attempt to lure tourists to the area, which includes a new waterfront area for shops and offices.
Just outside Lüderitz lies the ghost town of Kolmanskop, a prominent tourist destination. This previously bustling diamond town is now abandoned, and fights a constant struggle against being buried under the shifting sand dunes of the Namib desert.
Conservation
The coastline in the area is recognised by Bird Life and other global conservation groups as one of the Important Bird Areas (IBAs) for important coastal seabird breeding.
Mercury Island, Ichaboe Island, Halifax Island and the Possession Islands support the entire Namibian breeding population of Cape gannets (Morus capensis), 96% of the Namibian population of the endangered African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), and nearly one quarter of the global breeding population of crowned cormorants (Phalacrocorax coronatus).[12]
Approximately 80% of the global population of the endangered Bank cormorant (Phalacrocorax neglectus) breeds on Mercury Island and in the Ichaboe Islands.
In April 2009, an oil spill from an oil tanker risked hundreds of African penguins and other flora and fauna.
Several species of cetaceans, most notably Haviside's dolphins, can be seen close to the shore while larger whales such as southern right,[13][14] humpback, minke, fin, pygmy right, are less common but gradually increasing in numbers.
Climate
Lüderitz has a mild desert climate (BWn, according to the Köppen climate classification), with pleasant temperatures throughout the year. The average annual precipitation is 23 mm (1 in). Windy and cold conditions can occur due to the cold South Atlantic current on the coast.
Climate data for Lüderitz | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °C (°F) | 23 (73) |
22 (72) |
22 (72) |
21 (70) |
20 (68) |
19 (66) |
19 (66) |
18 (64) |
18 (64) |
19 (66) |
20 (68) |
22 (72) |
20.3 (68.4) |
Average low °C (°F) | 14 (57) |
14 (57) |
14 (57) |
13 (55) |
11 (52) |
11 (52) |
10 (50) |
10 (50) |
10 (50) |
11 (52) |
12 (54) |
13 (55) |
11.9 (53.4) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2 (0.08) |
2 (0.08) |
4 (0.16) |
3 (0.12) |
2 (0.08) |
3 (0.12) |
2 (0.08) |
2 (0.08) |
1 (0.04) |
1 (0.04) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.04) |
23 (0.92) |
Source: World Climate Guide.[15] |
Sport
Lüderitz is home to the Lüderitz Speed Challenge, the only international sporting event held in the town. This is an annual month-long speed sailing event held in the last quarter of the year under the auspices of the International Sailing Federation (ISAF) World Sailing Speed Record Council (WSSRC).[16]
In 1984 Lüderitz was the starting point for explorer and sailor Amyr Klink's successful solo crossing of the Atlantic Ocean, rowing for 101 days all the way to the Brazilian coast with no other form of propulsion.[17]
In October 2011, Turkish adventurer Erden Eruç left Lüderitz for the final ocean crossing of his solo human-powered circumnavigation of the Earth. Eruç rowed to South America in a 7.1 m (23.3 ft) by 1.9 m (6.2 ft) oceangoing plywood rowboat, taking five months for the crossing to the town of Güiria, Venezuela.[18][19]
Economy and infrastructure
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Construction of a new port at Shearwater Bay, 30 km south of Lüderitz, has been proposed for the export of coal from Botswana with a 1600 km railway connecting the two.[20]
Lüderitz is the terminus of the 318 kilometres (198 mi) railway line to Seeheim where the railway connects to the rest of the country's network. This line, built by inmates of the concentration camp on Shark Island, was completed in 1908[21] but is currently not operational. Rebuilding of a remaining 47 kilometres (29 mi) track gap to Aus has been delayed since 2009.
Media
Lüderitz has a local monthly newspaper, Buchter News. The paper, which was started as a source of free English-language reading material, is run by volunteers from the British gap year charity Project Trust.
Politics
Lüderitz is governed by a town council that currently[update] has seven seats.[22]
Landmarks
- Deutsche Afrika Bank building, erected 1907, national monument[23]
- Felsenkirche (English: Rock Church) on Diamond Hill, a church in vertical gothic style consecrated in 1912. After the diamond rush of 1908 and the completion of the railway line to Keetmanshoop Lüderitz became permanently home to a significant white population. As a result a number of churches were built. Felsenkirche, one of the oldest Lutheran churches in Namibia, is a national monument since 1978.[24]
- Glück Auf building, built 1907/08 for a lawyer of the diamond companies, declared a national monument in 2014[23]
- Goerkehaus, the residence of Hans Goerke, manager and co-owner of the early diamond umbrella company, erected 1909-1911,[5] national monument[23]
- Kreplinhaus, the residence of the first mayor, Emil Kreplin, built in 1909,[5] national monument[23]
- Krabbenhöft & Lampe building, after co-owners Friedrich Wilhelm Krabbenhöft and Oscar Lampe. The predecessor of this business, the Handelsstation F.W. Krabbenhöft in Keetmanshoop, existed since 1880 and was one of the first formally registered businesses in South-West Africa. Erection of the building started in late 1909, it is a national monument since 1979.[25]
- Lüderitz Railway Station, erected 1904,[5] national monument[23]
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Görke-Haus Lüderitz.jpg
Goerke Haus
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Kapps-Ballsaal Felsenkirche Görke-Haus Lüderitz.jpg
Kapps-Ballsaal with Felsenkirche and Goerke Haus in background
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Bergstraße Lüderitz.jpg
Bergstraße
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.. |
References
Notes
- ↑ Respect the elderly: Lüderitz mayor The Namibian, 7 January 2011
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ City of Windhoek Cooperations and Partnerships
- ↑ "Lüderitz renaming misunderstood – Shangala." Namibian Sun.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Zimmerer & Zeller 2003, p. 80.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Erichsen 2005, pp. [page needed].
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Namibia-renames-Caprivi-Strip-20130808
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ The Namibian Sun. 2013. Southern right whale - The right whale to protect. Retrieved on 24 October 2015
- ↑ Travel News Namibia. 2012. The return of the whales. Retrieved on 24 October 2014
- ↑ World Climate Guide
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ http://railwaysafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2484
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Literature
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Pages with broken file links
- Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2013
- Articles with dead external links from September 2010
- Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012
- Articles containing Portuguese-language text
- Articles containing potentially dated statements from November 2015
- Lüderitz
- Populated coastal places in Namibia
- Ports and harbours in Africa
- Towns in Namibia
- Populated places in the ǁKaras Region
- Port cities and towns of the Atlantic Ocean
- 1883 establishments in South-West Africa