Lugoj

Lugoj
Municipality
Baroque Orthodox Cathedral
Coat of arms
Location of Lugoj
Coordinates:
Country	Romania
County	Timiș
Status	Municipality
Government
• Mayor	Francisc Boldea (PSD)
Area
• Total	88.05 km2 (34.00 sq mi)
Population (2011)
• Total	37,700
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
• Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Website	http://www.primarialugoj.ro/

View from a bridge in Lugoj

Lugoj (Romanian pronunciation: [luˈɡoʒ]) is a city in Timiș County, Banat, western Romania. The Timiș River divides the city into two halves, the so-called Romanian Lugoj that spreads on the right bank and the German Lugoj on the left bank. It is the seat of the Eparchy of Lugoj in the Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic. The city administers two villages, Măguri and Tapia.

Name

In German: Lugosch; in Serbian: Lugoš (Лугош); in Hungarian: Lugos; in Turkish: Logoş. In Hungarian, Măguri is called Szendelak, and Tapia is known as Tápia.

History

Queen Mary Market (Piața Regina Maria) area in 1804

Lugoj was once a strongly fortified city that developed along the Timiș River. During the Middle Ages and eighteenth century, it was of greater relative importance than at present.

A diploma dated Wedenesday 22 August 1376, signed by King Sigismund of Luxemburg, shows that Lugoj city was donated to landowners Ladislaus and Stephen Loszonczy. At the end of the 14th century, after the Battle of Nicopolis (1396), the Turks crossed the Danube, invading Banat and reached the gates of Lugoj. During major campaigns against the Turks, Hunyadi, as a comite of Timis (1440), took steps to organize the city's defense system. He strengthened the city with trenches, ramparts and palisades.

The Banate of Lugoj-Caransebeș resisted Ottoman pressures until 1658, when Ákos Barcsay, Prince of Transylvania, asked Lugoj and Caransebeș to accept the decision taken by the Diet of Sighișoara to agree to Turkish occupation.

After the defeat of the Turks during the Battle of Vienna in 1683, the Habsburgs went on the offensive and briefly occupied the cities of Lugoj and Lipova (1688). On September 25, 1695 the battle between the armies of the Habsburg Empire and the Ottoman Empire that took place near Lugoj ended with the defeat of the Austrians.

After signing the Treaty of Karlovitz (1699), Banat remained under Ottoman rule for nearly 20 years. The Treaty of Passarowitz (21 July 1718) was signed and the Turks were expelled. Austria-Hungary wanted to repopulate the Banat, which had emptied following the years of occupation and earlier bubonic plague. The government recruited Germans from Bavaria, Swabia and Alsace-Lorraine, particularly farmers to revive agriculture in the rich floodplain. They traveled down the Danube River on boats to this area. They later took the rafts apart to use to build their first houses. In this area, the first German colonists settled on the left bank of the river Timis (circa 1720), creating what was called "German Lugoj". The government had offered them the privileges of keeping their German language and religion; most were Roman Catholic.

In the 18th century, many public buildings were built in the city, including the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church "Assumption". In 1778, following the incorporation of Banat into Hungary, Lugoj became the county seat of Caras. In 1795 the government unified the Romanian Lugoj and the German Lugoj.

Eftimie Murgu settled in Lugoj in 1841. In June 1848 he chaired the second National Assembly of Romanians of Banat, where they expressed in postulates the National Order of Romanians during the Revolutionary Movement from Banat, whose center was Lugoj.

In the summer of 1842 a great fire took place, in which about 400 houses and important buildings were destroyed.

In August 1849 Lugoj was the last seat of the Hungarian revolutionary government. It served as the last refuge of Lajos Kossuth and several other leaders of the Revolution prior to their escape to the Ottoman Empire.

Under the imperial resolution of 12 December 1850, Lugoj became the seat of the Greek-Catholic Diocese of Banat. Lugoj was the seat of Krassó-Szörény County from 1881 to 1918. Following the break-up of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, the Banat, after a brief period of Serbian occupation, came under Romanian administration. Severin County was organized and named, and its seat was located in Lugoj until the temporary abolition of counties in 1950.

The Iron Bridge, a symbol of Lugoj, was built in 1902. On November 3, 1918 a Great National Assembly took place in Lugoj. The right of self-determination of the Romanian nation was proclaimed after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in WWI.

In modern times, the city was the home town of famous Dracula actor Bela Lugosi. Lugosi's family name was Blaskó; the stagename Lugosi is the adjective form of Lugos, the town's Hungarian name.

Population and demographics

Historical population of Lugoj
Year	Population	Romanians	Hungarians	Germans
1880	12,389	46.8%	11.6%	36.9%
1890	13,548	46%	13.8%	38.3%
1900	17,486	37.9%	22.7%	35.9%
1910	20,962	34.9%	32.9%	29.5%
1920	21,172	41.2%	20.1%	28.3%
1930	24,694	43.3%	21.9%	24.9%
1941	27,871	51.6%	17%	21.7%
1956	31,364	63.4%	17.8%	13.6%
1966	36,728	68%	16.3%	12.4%
1977	44,537	72.6%	13.8%	10.7%
1992	50,939	79.8%	10.7%	5.2%
2002	44,636	83%	9.6%	3%

Detailed Demographics - 2011
Ethnic group	Number	Percentage
Romanians	32,036	85.83%
Hungarians	2,727	7.3%
Germans	744	1.99%
Roma	905	2.42%
Ukrainians	508	1.36%
Other	398	0.6%
Total	37,321	100%

Senior High and Post-secondary Education

Lugos cancellation in 1889, Kingdom of Hungary

• Coriolan Brediceanu National College
• Iulia Hașdeu National College
• Aurel Vlaicu School Group
• Valeriu Braniște College
• Drăgan European University of Lugoj

Natives

• Simona Arghir, handballer
• Caius Brediceanu, diplomat
• Coriolan Brediceanu, politician and lawyer
• Tiberiu Brediceanu, composer
• Corina Caprioriu, judoka
• Aurel Ciupe, painter
• Konstantin Danil, portraiture painter
• Georges Devereux, ethnopsychologist
• Iosif Constantin Drăgan, businessman and author
• Traian Grozăvescu, opera tenor
• György Kurtág, composer
• Bela Lugosi, actor
• Lavinia Miloșovici, gymnast
• Victor Neumann, historian
• Dumitru Pârvulescu, wrestler
• Aurel Popovici, politician
• Josef Posipal, soccer player
• Aura Twarowska, mezzo-soprano

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Romania

Twin towns — Sister cities

Lugoj is twinned with:

• Vršac
• Szekszárd
• Orléans
• Jena
• Assos-Lechaio
• Nisporeni
• Monopoli

External links

• City Hall site
• Lugojul - local info site
• Lugoj
• Lugoj fun
• "Drăgan" European University of Lugoj
• Actualitatea, weekly newspaper
• Redeşteptarea, weekly newspaper
• Lugoj Online, online newspaper