Malolos

This article is about the city. For the cathedral, see Malolos Cathedral.

City of Malolos
Component City
Malolos City Hall
Official seal of City of Malolos Seal
Nickname(s): Cradle of the Philippine Republic
Motto: The Renaissance City of Malolos
{{#property:P242}} Location in the province of Bulacan
Malolos Location within the Philippines
Coordinates:
Country	[[{{#property:P17}}]]
Region	Central Luzon (Region III)
Province	[[{{#property:P131}}]]
District	1st District
Li-han	1225 CE
Encomienda	14 November 1571
Civil Town	11 June 1580
Cityhood	18 December 1999
Barangays	51
Government
• Representative 1st District	Victoria R. Sy-Alvarado (NUP)
• Mayor	Christian D. Natividad (Liberal)
• Vice Mayor	Gilbert T. Gatchalian (Liberal)
Area
• Total	77.25 km2 (29.83 sq mi)
• Land	67.25 km2 (25.97 sq mi)
Elevation	19.4 m (63.6 ft)
Population (2010)
• Total	234,945
• Density	3,493.6/km2 (9,048/sq mi)
Time zone	PST (UTC+8)
ZIP code	{{#property:P281}}
Dialing code	{{#property:P473}}
Economy	First Class
• Income	PHP 728.23 million (2014)
• Expenses	PHP 661.93 million (2014)
• Assets	PHP 533.86 million (2014)
Website	{{#property:P856}}

Malolos, officially the City of Malolos (Filipino: Lungsod ng Malolos), is a first class urban component city in the Philippines. Malolos is considered as the 115th city in the country. It is the capital city of the province of Bulacan as the seat of the provincial government.

The city is 45 kilometres (28 mi) north of Manila, the capital city of the Philippines. It is one of the major suburbs conurbated to Metro Manila, situated in the southwestern part of Bulacan, in the Central Luzon Region (Region 3) in the island of Luzon and part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region. Bordering Malolos are the municipalities of Bulakan (the former capital of the province) to the southeast, Guiguinto to the east, Plaridel to the north, Calumpit to the northwest, and Paombong to the west. Malolos also lies on the north-eastern shore of Manila Bay.

Malolos was the site of the constitutional convention of 1898, known as the Malolos Convention, that led to the establishment of the First Philippine Republic, at the sanctuary of the Barasoain Church. The convent of the Malolos Cathedral served as the presidential palace at that time. Malolos gave birth to the first constitutional republic in Asia.

It is also one of the centers of education in Central Luzon region. It has several universities like the government-funded Bulacan State University, and privately owned Centro Escolar University at Malolos and the only Catholic University in Bulacan, University of Regina Carmeli, now known as "La Consolacion University-Philippines". Malolos also houses the most populous high school in Central Luzon, Marcelo H. del Pilar National High School, founded in 1905 and home of the Assessment Center of the Region 3, Malolos Marine Fishery School and Laboratory, founded in 1973. This Highschool perform different fields in Technical Vocational Education that will surely help many Maloleños to enhance their different skills that will link them to a WorldClass Performance.

History

Malolos, once the capital of the short-lived First Philippine Republic, is linked to many patriots and heroes in the country's history. Names such as General Emilio Aguinaldo, Pedro A. Paterno, Dr. José P. Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Pío del Pilar, Gregorio del Pilar, Apolinario Mabini, Antonio Luna, Felipe Calderón, General Isidro D. Torres and many others are forever engraved and enshrined in the annals of Philippine history, all of whom share one commonality.

Pre-Spanish Conquest

"Lihan" or "Li Han" was the ancient Chinese name for Malolos, whose leaders bore the title of "Gat-sa-Lihan" or "Gatchalian" meaning Ruler of Lihan (derived from "Gat sa Li-Han") under the Rajahs and Lacandolas of Tondo. It was in 1225 that a "Li Han in the country of Mai" was mentioned in the account of Chau Ju-Kua titled Chu-Fan-Chi. The Sinified state of Mai is one among many Prehispanic Philippine States such as the Rajahnate of Butuan, the Kingdom of Tondo and the Sultanate of Maguindanao. In Mai, the richness of the soil and the convenience of its location made Lihan (Malolos) an important trading post for the native inhabitants and the traders from Cathay. Ferdinand Blumentritt, a Czech Filipinologist and José Rizal's friend, and Wang Teh-Ming, a Chinese scholar, supported this historic development of commercial activities which continued almost three hundred years undisturbed until the advent of the Spanish era in 1571. Long economic trade relations must have resulted in many generations of Sino-Tagalogs, whose descendants are still omnipresent in Malolos. The innumerable Malolos families who bear Chinese-sounding surnames attest to these inter-marriages.

Another Pre-Spanish period identified with the old Malolos are from the accounts of the written testment of Pansomun (christened as Don Fernando Malang Balagtas) from Tabuñgao, Provincia de Calumpit dated March 21, 1589. Don Fernando Malang Balagtas is a son of the great leader of pre-hispanic Luzon in 15th century named Malasik, son of Prince Balagtas and Dayang Panginuan, descendants of Anka Wiyaya from Madjapahit Empire. In his testament he mentioned the settlements and territories that they are ruling. In his 1589 testamento these settlements and villages of the present day Malolos was enumerated such as Quingua under Dayang Monmon, Lugam under Gat Maitan, Paombong also called Magong under Macaralaga, Looc na Malaqui (now Look Primero) under Gat Maitim. (La Primera Provincia pp. 9–14 Center for Bulacan Studies, 2010) Don Fernando wrote this testment in able to reclaim the privileges that the Spanish Crown had granted to the Lacandolas.

Early Spanish Period

Adelantado Don Miguel Lopez de Legazpi conquered the settlement named Malolos in November 14, 1571, and constituted it as an Encomienda (Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands, volume 34, page 304-310, paragraph 3) Adelantado Legazpi entrusted the 8 settlement along Malolos Creek to Don Marcos de Herrera and 6 Villages in Atlae (Atlag) Creek was entrusted to Don Jeronimo Tirado. Later Atlag was integrated with Malolos administered by Don Jeronimo Tirado alone. In April 5,1572 encomiendas of Malolos and Calumpit was merged into a single town under the Town of Calumpit and it was christiniazed through the order of Father Provincial Fray Martin de Rada. Since Malolos and Calumpit was merged in 1572, Malolos was christianize simultaneously with Calumpit and the Christianization of natives was supervised under Father Provincial Martin de Rada, Fray Pedro de Herrera and Fray Diego Ordoñez de Vivar (a native of Nueva Galicia) and his Companions (Angels in Stone,Pedro Galende 1997) and it was annexed as one of the visitas of Tondo, together with Betis, Macabebe, Lubao and Calumpit. When Calumpit was established as a Prior in March 5, 1575 the ecclesiastical administration of mission to Malolos were transferred to Calumpi Convent . After nine years, Malolos was established as a Town in June 11, 1580 wit Fray Mateo Mendoza as its first minister in an Augustinian definitors Council meeting held in Tondo Convent. From the very beginning, Tagalog made up the majority of the Malolos populace. They were led by prominent ancient families, among them are native royal clans of Gatbontons, Gatmaitan, Gatsalian (Gatchalians), Dimagibas, Lakandulas, Lacancales and Manahans. (Galende, 1996) and the Malolos native Sangleys of Tantocos, Uitangcoys, Tanchangco, Chichioco, Cojuangco, Tanjosoy, Lomotan, Chiong, Chico, Cunanan, Ingco, Tengco, Tenjeco, joined by Spanish clans of Adriano, Bautista, Jacinto, Reyes, Santos, Rustia, De Leon, Agustin, Vasquez, Valenzuela, Crisostomo and Estrella.

Theories concerning the name

THE FIRST THEORY: The name of Malolos was presumably derived from the Tagalog word "Paluslos", meaning "downwards" meaning many rivers toward the bay (which is the Manila Bay).

THE SECOND THEORY: Malolos was resulted from a misunderstanding among the first Spanish conquistadores who reached the town. Searching for inhabited places along the Calumpit river, these Conquistador came upon some natives of a riverside barrio (now Kanalate or Canalate). They asked for the name of the place. The natives, not knowing the Spanish tongue, answered paluslos", which the Spaniards pronounced "Malolos" or "Malulos". Corruption of the word through the years led to present "Malolos".

THE THIRD THEORY: According to a book written by Dr. Nicanor Tiongson entitled "The Women of Malolos" the town's name was originally written as Malulos from the word Lulos means reed or tambo, a variety of grass abundantly grows near rivers and creek all over the town, hence the place was abundant with Lulos reed or "Malulos"

THE FOURTH THEORY: According to the research of Dr. Jaime Veneracion in 1998, that according to linguist Otto Dempwolf, in his book Comparative Phonology of Austronesian Wordlist, "Malolos" was derived from an old word means "forgotten" (nalimutan) "fainted" (nawalan ng Malay) and (malilimutin) that even today, in related to Austronesian, the Toba-Batak of Palawan and those of Borneo, ‘lolos’ o ‘leles’ means (nakalimutan) and (nawalan ng ulirat).

Gradual progress as a Spanish ruled town

The economic progress in Malolos started in 1670 when most of the Chinese traders settled in Malolos and married some natives, their scions are called Sangelys Mestizos and permanently settled in Pariancillo that Spanish Government intended for them. Due to the increasing Chinese merchants and traders in Malolos, the town was engaged in textile, rice production and it became one of the top sugar producing towns equal with Negros in Visayas. In eighteenth Century, Malolos became the wealthiest town in Luzon. Many Chinese merchants went to Malolos by using sea travel via Manila Bay. Due to political and social scandals of some Chinese, they are all expelled in Malolos in June 30, 1755 and some of them settled and inter-married with natives to avoid expulsion in the town.

On August 31, 1859, the town of Malolos was divided into three independent towns; "Malolos", "Barasoain, and "Santa Isabel". These new towns are former districts of Malolos, with own respective Presidente Municipal and Parish priests. With the beginning of American rule in 1903, these towns were again reunited into a single municipality. The two other districts became barangays under the political jurisdiction of Malolos.

To cite all the historical events that transpired in Malolos, one could fill a good-sized book. The major events especially those that revolved around the first Republic, cannot be left unmentioned. Some of these are the petition of the women of Malolos, the establishment of the Constitutional Convention, drafting and ratification of the Malolos Constitution, and the inauguration of the first Philippine Republic.

Major factor in Malolos' growth and development was the opening of the Manila–Dagupan railways or Ferrocaril de Manila-Dagupan (Spanish) in April 1892. With the advent of the railroad came new ideas from Manila and other places. Another factor is Malolos proximity to industrial and business centers. Only 42 kilometres (26 mi) from Manila, the town and its people are inevitably subjected to an influx of metropolitan thoughts and commerce.

Revolt of Pedro Ladia 1643

The inhabitants initially submitted docilely to the process of Hispanization and Spanish civil authority was soon in place. The Roman Catholic religion took root and spread rapidly and became part of the native culture. However, the innate desire for an unshackled existence and the desire for freedom continued to burn in the people. In 1643, barely sixty years after the civil nucleus of the Spanish local government was set up, Malolos townspeople revolted. The revolt was led by Pedro Ladia, a native of Borneo, who claimed to be a descendant of Rajah Matanda and who later proclaimed himself as "Rajah ng mga Tagalog" (Rajah of the Tagalogs). He instigated the people of Malolos to rise in arms against Spanish rule and was able to raise a substantial following. Even before Ladia could gather the support needed to fully carry out his plan, the friar curate of Malolos, Fr. Cristobal Enriquez, preempted the uprising by convincing most of the people to remain loyal to the Fatherland, Spain. The revolt died out for lack of enough popular support. Later, Pedro Ladia was arrested and sent to Manila to be tried and then executed.

Malolos was first organized into a formal municipal unit in 1822 when the first "alcalde constitucional" or municipal head was appointed. He was Jorge de Victoria, a Filipino, who like all succeeding "alcaldes", served for one year. He was followed by thirty-one other "alcaldes", with Juan Dimagiba as the thirty-first. In 1859, Malolos was subdivided into three administrative districts; Malolos, Barasoain and Santa Isabel. Juan Dimagiba became the first "alcalde" of the down-scaled Malolos. There were 12 others who served as "alcaldes" from 1859 to 1879, the first one being Mariano C. Cristobal and the 12th Capitan Tomas Tanchanco, whose term marked the start of civil turmoil in the town.

Simmering insurrections

The next 240 years following the Ladia Revolt passed without any sign of serious discontent against Spanish rule. Although armed uprisings and resistance occurred in other provinces, notably in the Ilocos and in Jolo, Malolos was largely unaffected. Economic development that took precedence in the low-lying areas around Malolos, were steadily converted into productive ricefields and fishponds. This must have entailed a great deal of capital, both financial and labor, and both were apparently available in Malolos. The mestizo descendants of the pre-Hispanic Chinese traders, who became the landlords, must have been the major source of the finances. The ordinary townfolk furnished the labor and became the tenants. This landlord-tenant relationship lasted until the middle of the 20th century.

However, the continuing high-handedness of the civil government bureaucrats compounded by the abuses of the church friars became the sources of widespread unrest, which eventually reached Malolos in 1880. The enlightened and educated young ilustrados of Manila, having been exposed to European education, thoughts and political views, began to question the Philippines situation. These reformists, José Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar and Graciano Lopez Jaena among them, began to expose the weaknesses of the status and to give voice to the need for reform. In Malolos, Marcelo H. del Plar, whose wife Marciana was from Malolos, made the town a principal reformist and propaganda target. Due mainly to his efforts, Malolos by 1882 became known as a center of anti-Spanish propaganda. Things came to a head in 1884, when a liberal, Don Manuel Crisostomo, was elected a gobernadorcillo. Led by him, a group of town leaders, including past, present a future town alcaldes, argued with the town's friar curate (Fray Felipe Garcia) over the collection of exorbitant taxes. The friar curate wanted to revise the tax lists for the parish's financial benefit. In 1888, during a deadly cholera epidemic, the group again clashed with the friars. To limit the spread of the epidemic, the civil government had issued a ban against church wakes for cholera victims. The church defied the ban, purportedly because of the fees which the church earned from these wakes. The town leaders took the side of the civil authorities. The situation was further inflamed with the visit of José Rizal in 1888 to the house of Don Tomas Tanchangco in Barrio San Vicente, a former alcalde and member of the reformist group. Among the alcaldes in the group were Jose A. Bautista, Jose and Antonio Tiongson, Mateo Buizon, Anastacio de Leon, Vicente Gatmaitan, Francisco Bernardo, Antonio Chiong and Jose R. Tiongson.

The town had become such a hotbed that Marcelo H. del Pilar was compelled to leave for Spain, leaving the campaign in the hands of the local leaders. The authorities soon cracked down on these Malolos mestizos and exiled many of them to Jolo, Palawan, Davao and other distant places.

The 20 Women of Malolos

A natural offshoot of the ferment gripping Malolos was the cry for the implementation in the town of a long-standing royal order for the teaching of the Spanish language to the "Indios" of the Philippines. This royal edict had not been obeyed, probably because the local friars and civil government believed that this would be against their interests. Knowledge of Spanish would give the natives and mestizos access to radical ideas of economic liberalism and political democracy already sweeping across Europe. Despite this opposition, Teodoro Sandico, a progressive teacher from Pandacan in Manila, succeeded in opening an Escuela de Latinidad for boys in Malolos.

It was at this point that the letter of the twenty-one Women of Malolos was written. On December 12, 1888, the 21 young women from the Chinese-mestizo families of Malolos, Bulacan – the Reyeses, Tantocos, Tanchangcos, Tiongsons and Uitangcoys: petitioned the newly arrived Gov. Gen. Valeriano Weyler, then paying a visit to Malolos, to allow the opening of a night school, at their own expense, where they could learn to read and write Spanish, the language which would eradicate friar domination and put them in touch with liberal ideas current in Europe. With Weyler's blessing and over the objections of the friar curate, the school opened in early 1889. The school lasted for only a few months what with the steady and strong opposition and persecution of the friars and militarists. Teodoro Sandico, who wrote the letter for the women and presumably became the school's first teacher, was accused of subversion and, like Marcelo H. del Pilar, had to flee from the country.

The audacity and the success of these women did not go unnoticed but the women's greatest adulation came from José Rizal in his letter of February 22, 1889, "Sa Mga Kababayang Dalaga Sa Malolos." The Women of Malolos were of the breed who looked at far horizons and thought of country above self, who stood up for what is right and not for what is merely convenient, who planned and acted not only for the future and the next generation, who decisively acted on their mouthed good intentions.

Balangay Apuy of the Katipunan

In the eve of July 7, 1892, the Katipunan was founded by Andrés Bonifacio together with Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano, Teodora Plata and Valentín Díaz in the house of Arellano on Azcarraga St. in Manila. The Katipunan fought against Spain for the Philippine independence. Many knew that there were many Katipuneros all over the country but few knew their names. Bulacan was one of the 8 provinces declared by Governor-General Ramon Blanco as in a state of war. Balangay Apuy, chapter or "balangay" of Katipunan in Bulacan province was organized in March 1896. The earliest members of the Katipunan from Malolos were Isidoro Torres, Ramon Gonzalez de Leon and Luis Gatmaytan. They became members in March 1896 and, together with Doroteo Karagdag, they were authorized to organize chapters or "balangay" in Bulacan province.

As a result of their efforts, the "Balangay Apuy" was organized in Malolos with the following officials and members: Luis Gatmaytan, President; Ramon Gonzalez de Leon, Secretary; Victorino Gatmaytan, Treasurer; Isidoro Torres, Doroteo Karagdag, Damaso Kaluag, Vicente Villavicencio, Donato Teodoro, Dionicio Dimagiba, Maximino Borlongan, Agripino Buendia, members. Other members were Antonio Bautista, "Tagausig", Gregorio Santos, "Taliba" and Romualdo Concepción, "Mabalasik."

In early 1896, a separatist organization affiliated with the Bonifacio-founded Katipunan. It was called Katipunan del Norte presided by Agustin Tantoko, coadjutor of Calumpit parish. It was most active in Bulacan province, especially around Malolos. Gabino Tantoko, a propietario from Malolos, was a member and so were Juan, Antonio, Ezequiel, all surnamed Tantoko, among others. After the discovery of the Katipunan, the Malolos members were arrested and tortured, like the brothers Luis and Victorino Gatmaitan and Nicolas Buendia.

Later, the "Balangay Apuy" was reorganized and Isidoro became president. He headed the armed uprising in Malolos, and defeated the Spanish forces in the decisive Battle of Malolos on June 1, 1897.

Philippine Republic

The Barasoain Church

Filipino soldiers in Malolos, 1899

Malolos is the historical site of the constitutional convention of 1898 that led to the establishment of the First Philippine Republic, the first republic in Asia, led by Emilio Aguinaldo. Malolos served as the capital of the short-lived republic from 1898 to 1899. In 1899, after the Malolos Constitution was ratified, the Universidad Scientifico Literaria de Filipinas was established in Malolos, Bulacan. It offered Law as well as Medicine, Surgery and Notary Public; Academia Militar,(the Philippine's First Military School) which was established on October 25, 1898; and The Burgos Institute, (the Philippine's first law school) and an exclusive school for boys.

Malolos Congress convened on September 15, 1898, at Barasoain Church. On the 18th, Aguinaldo proclaimed Malolos as the capital of the Philippines. The first important act of the Congress was the ratification on September 29, 1898, of the independence proclamation of June 12, 1898, at Kawit, Cavite. On October 19, 1898, by virtue of an act of Congress, the Universidad Literaria de Filipinas was established. It was in Malolos on December 20, 1898, when Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo declared December 30 of every year as a day of national mourning. The greatest achievement and for which the Malolos Congress was known was the framing of the Constitution, prepared by a committee headed by Felipe Calderón, was approved by the congress after amendments have been made on January 20, 1899, sanctioned by Aguinaldo the next day and promulgated on January 22. The last congressional act of the Malolos Congress was the inauguration of the Philippine Republic with Aguinaldo as the President on January 23, 1899, amidst the people's jubilation.

On March 31, 1899. (Good Friday) Aguinaldo ordered Gen. Antonio Luna to set the Malolos Cathedral including its huge silver altar on fire as part of their strategy called "Scorched-earth Policy" where everything will be rendered useless. Malolos was totally destroyed when the Americans captured the capital. During the Philippine–American War, after the bloody battle Aguinaldo escaped to San Fernando, Pampanga before the American Forces arrived at Malolos.

Malolos as Capital of the Bulacan Province

More than a year after the 1899 Battle of Malolos national seat was officially conferred again to the City of Manila again and in February 27, 1901, by the virtue of Public Law Number 88 of the Philippine Commission, the commission officially transferred the capital seat from Bulakan to Malolos and it became the Provincial Capital of the Province of Bulacan.

Casa Tribunal de Malolos was converted as the new Casa Real of Bulacan (Casa Real Shrine of Malolos) making it as the Official Office and Residence of Governor until 1930 when the new Provincial Capitol Building in Barrio Guinhawa, Malolos was built.

Bulacan Provincial Capitol in Malolos City built in 1930

Governments of Malolos after the Philippine–American War

• During American Period
  After the War, the Americans appointed a martial law administrator in the person of Jose Reyes Tiongson. He served as "presidente politico militar" from 1901 to 1902. With the capture of Pres. and Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo in Palanan, Isabela and the defeat of most of the Filipino armed forces all over the country, the Americans began to put up a network of local government units. The municipality of Malolos was re-organized, composed of the districts of Malolos, Barasoain and Santa Isabel. Appointed "presidente municipal" or town mayor was Ramon Gonzalez de Leon of Sitio Tampoy, (grand father of TV host Joey de Leon) one of the original members of the Katipunan Balangay Apuy. He was in the post for two years, 1903 to 1905. He and the nine others who followed him were all appointive officials. When the Philippines became a commonwealth, Leon Valencia was elected Mayor in 1937, the first ever elected. Diosdado Dimagiba succeeded him in 1940 but had to vacate the position because of the Japanese conquest. Also in this period, the Malolos Municipal Hall facing the Malolos Church was built, in a manner of Neo-Classical Roman Style.
• During Japanese Occupation
  The Japanese appointed two "punong bayan" or mayors, Luis Peralta and Ignacio Tapang. After the joint US and Philippine Commonwealth armed forces liberated Malolos in March 1945, Adonis P. Maclang of the guerrillas' Bulacan Military Area was appointed guerrilla mayor of the town, before battle for the liberation of Bulacan, the local Filipino forces of the pre-war 32nd Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and 3rd Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was liberated in Malolos to helping the local guerrilla resistance fighters of the Bulacan Guerrilla Unit and American troops of the U.S. Army against the Japanese in 1945 at the end of World War II, followed by the appointment of Isberto Crisostomo as civilian town mayor in 1946. The first post-war election was held in 1946 and Carlos Maclang was elected mayor.

Encomienderos, Gobernadocillos and Mayors

As one of the original and oldest towns in the province of Bulacan, Malolos has a long list of town leaders since its formation as a Royal Encomienda in November 1571.

ENCOMIENDERO	Term
Don Marcos de Herrera	1571-1575
Don Jeronimo Tirado	1575-1582
Don Juan Sarmiento	1643-1653
Don Hernando de Guevara Pacho	1653-1690
Don Alonso de Ponte	1690-1697

GOBERNADORCILLO	Took office
Don Sebastian Rodrigo	1697-1698
Nicolas Paouitan	1699,1707
Sebastian Manucol	1699
Nicolas Arellano	1700
Agustin Macalinao	1701,1705
Mateo dela Cruz	1702
Juan Jacinto Vistan	1703
Alonzo Coronel	1704
Anastacio Dimaapi	1706
Luis Cervantes	1708,1710
Nicolas Caparas	1709
Nicolas de Robles	1711-1712
Nicolas Pangan	1713
Pedro Roque	1714
Nicolas Capile	1715
Nicolas Moraiog	1716,1742
Agustin Salang	1717
Juan Cailuian	1718,1729
Agustin Robles	1719,1728
Miguel Pajati	1720
Nicolas Cervantes	1721
Bartolome Galang	1722,1730
Nicolas Enriquez	1723
Nicolas Pascual	1724
Juan Tenorio	1725
Agustin Cajatol	1726
Agustin Sapitan	1727
Felipe Saclolo	1731
Mateo Pablo Camua	1732,1739
Jose Benedictos	1733
Diego San Pedro Cruz	1734
Juan Tello de Victoria	1735,1741
Nicolas Juan Pascual	1736
Miguel Alday	1740
Felipe Ventura	1744
Nicolas Roque	1746,1761
Bonifacio Diaz	1747
Esteban Cardenas	1748-1749
Guillermo Tanghal	1750
Diego San Pedro Cruz	1734,1745,1751
Miguel Dimagiba	1754
Agustin Pablo Camua	1755
Vicente de Victoria	1756
Cristobal Romero	1757
Antonio Villena	1758
Juan Josef de Robles	1759
Pedro Tello de Victoria	1760
Pedro Villena	1762
Francisco Pulumbarit	1763
Lorenzo Villena	1764
Juan Domingo Arellano	1765
Carlos de Robles	1766
Agustin Domingo Garcia	1767
Juan Santiago delos Angeles	1768,1772
Nicolas Sebastian	1769
Tomas Panganiban	1770
Antonio Pablo Cabay	1771
Nicolas de Victoria	1773
Felipe de Roxas	1774
Antonio Policarpio	1775
Miguel Bartolome Robles	1776
Vicente Pulumbarit	1777,1800
Cipriano Ventura	1778
Miguel Bartolome Robles	1779
Juan de Torres	1780
Felix Laquindanum	1781
Santiago Mendiola	1782
Pedro Pulumbarit	1783
Juan Alday	1784
Ignacio Ventura	1785
Diego de Victoria	1786
Diego Estrella	1787
Isidro Crisostomo	1788
Tomas Leoncio	1789
Domingo Salvador Galang	1790
Antonio de Robles	1791
Francisco Roque	1792
Juan Gatchalian	1793
Roque de Robles	1794
Agustin Arellano	1795
Mariano Crisostomo	1796
Josef dela Cruz	1797
Tomas Dionisio	1798
Jorge de Victoria	1799,1822
Josef Lorenzo Chingco	1801
Juan Trajano dela Cruz	1802
Pedro Estrella	1803
Isidro de Victoria	1804
Pedro Mulla	1805
Ventura Enriquez	1806
Pedro Nicolas Perez	1807
Antonio de Victoria	1808
Teodoro de Victoria	1809
Evaristo Nicolas Vasquez	1810
Geronimo Espino	1811
Santiago Cruz Aldaba	1812
Mateo Cristobal Mendiola	1813
Jose Eusebio Teodoro	1814
Felipe Laquindanum	1815
Pedro de Guzman	1816
Tomas Gatchalian	1817
Geronimo Roque	1818,1839
Lucas Gatchalian	1819
Tomas Tengco	1820
Florentino Adriano	1821

ALCALDE CONSTITUCIONAL	Term
Agustin Antonio	1823
Evaristo Nicolas Vasquez	1824
Evaristo Tiongson	1825
Agustin Josef Manalo	1826
Mariano Roque	1827
Mariano Boni de Jesus	1828
Vicente Buizon	1829
Damaso Pulumbarit	1830
Cipriano Dimagiba	1831
Policarpio dela Cruz	1831
Facundo Victoria	1832
Mariano Estrella	1833
Felipe Dionisio	1834
Mariano Estrella	1835
Alejandro Adriano	1836
Vicente Buizon	1837
Bernabe Nicolas	1838
Roque Aldaba	1840
Estanislao Cristobal	1841-1842
Nicolas Estrella	1843
Santiago Lucero	1844,1850
Estanislao Cristobal	1845
Tiburcio Tiongson	1846
Juan Palo	1847
Mariano Tiongson	1848
Jorge Dionisio	1849
Antonio Buendia	1851
Teodoro Clavio	1852-1854
Jorge Crisotomo	1855
Aniceto Dimagiba	1857
Juan de Robles	1858
Juan Dimagiba	1859
Pedro Punongbayan	1860
Mariano C. Cristobal	1861
Leoncio Nazario	1863
Melchor Santos	1863
Gregorio Lugo	1864
Juan delos Reyes	1865-1866
Macario delos Reyes	1867-1868
Nicolas Dimagiba	1869-1870
Agustin Tiongson	1871-1872
Paulino Gatmaitan	1873-1874
Tomas Dimagiba	1875-1876
Bonifacio Crisostomo	1877-1878
Tomas Tanchangco	1879-1880
Jose A. Bautista	1881
Jose Tiongson	1882
Antonio Tiongson	1884
Mateo Buizon	1885
Anastacio de Leon	1886-
Manuel Crisostomo	1887
Vicente Gatmaitan	1887
Francisco Bernardo	1888-1889
Antonio Chiong	1890
Jose Reyes Tiongson	1892-1894

CAPITAN MUNICIPAL/PRESIDENTE LOCAL	Term
Manuel Crisostomo	1895-1899
Jose Reyes Tiongson	1899-1900

PRESIDENTE MUNICIPAL	Term
Antonio Chiong	1900

PRESIDENTE POLITICO MILITAR	Term
Graciano Reyes	1901

PRESIDENTE MUNICIPAL	Term
Ramon Gonzales-De Leon	1903-1905
Florencio Bernardo	1906-1907
Nicolas Buendia	1908-1909
Antonio Bautista	1910-1912
Damaso Caluag	1912-1916
Dionisio Dimagiba	1916-1919
Mariano S. Tengco	1919-1922
Isberto Crisostomo	1922-1925,1946
Eduardo Dimagiba	1925-1928
Ignacio Cunanan-Tapang	1928-1934
Hermogenes Dimagiba	1934-1937

PUNONG-BAYAN/GUERRILLA MAYOR	Term
Adonis Maclang	1945-1946

MUNICIPAL MAYOR	Term
Carlos Maclang	1947-1951
Felix Tantoco Reyes	1951-1963
Jovencio Caluag	1963-1967
Victorino Aldaba	1967
Purificacion Crisostomo Reyes	1968-1986
Danilo A. Domingo	1986-1998

CITY MAYOR	Term
Restituto Roque	1998-2001
Danilo A. Domingo	2001-2010
Christian D. Natividad	2010–present

In 1998 Malolos was the site again for another Presidential inauguration of Joseph Estrada on June 30, 1998, in Barasoain Church as the President of the Republic of the Philippines. Estrada, whose real surname is Ejercito, traced his ancestry to the Ejercitos who were prominent in the history of Malolos

The 280M Malolos Steel Flyover

It was in summer of 2004, the construction of the Malolos flyover marks a new milestone in their flourishing history being the first in the city. The structure, part of the former Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's Bridge Program, the construction was undertaken in a record-breaking 60 days only according to the Department of Public Works and Highways. The structure was built to solve the daily traffic jam at the place, which have become a bane to motorist and also to employees in both private and government offices in this city. This remarkable feat hastened not only the city's development in commerce and trade but its neighboring municipalities as well.

In July 28–30, 2008, the city was chosen to host the first National Conference for Philippine-Spanish Relations. The conference's theme was "Philippine-Spanish Relations: Sharing Common History and Culture." This is a project both of the Province of Bulacan's research arm, Center for Bulacan Studies of Bulacan State University and by the Samahang Pangkasaysayan ng Bulacan, Incorporated.

Cityhood

The charter of the City of Malolos was first passed through Republic Act 8754 in November 4, 1999. The bill's author was then Rep. Wilhelmino M. Sy-Alvarado now the (Provincial Governor of Bulacan). A plebiscite was conducted on December 18, 1999, where the votes "not" in favor of cityhood won. During the plebiscite, the clash between the pro and anti-cityhood groups reached the peak when the allegedly fraud done by the anti's to manipulate the results in able to win the "No" votes gathering 11,535 count against 9,321 Yes votes.

Due to the electoral fraud on Malolos cityhood plebiscite, the then Congressman Wilhelmino Alvarado and Malolos Mayor Restituto Roque filed an electoral protest at the Commission on Elections dated December 29, 1999 to recount the results of the plebiscite.

The recount reversed the initial decision and the Commissn found out that 10,746 votes approved the cityhood and only 8,402 against the conversion.

The protest was granted by the Second Division of Commission on Elections, per Resolution No. Election Protest Case (EPC) 99-2, October 8, 2001, the COMELEC affirmed that the "YES" vote won so the Cityhood of Malolos is valid as of December 18, 1999. In 2010, the Malolos City Council passes the City Resolution 24-2010 declaring 18 December of every year to be celebrated as Cityhood Day.

The invalidation of R.A 9591 the Lone District of Malolos Act

On December 19, 2007, Senator Manuel Araneta Roxas II introduced and filed Senate Bill 1986 that seeks to amend section 57 of Republic Act 8754, the component law converting Malolos from a municipality to a component city. The bill was read on First Reading and Referred to the Committee on Rules on the same day as it was filled. On May 13, 2008, it was referred to the Committee on Local Government, on motion of Senator Pangilinan. On October 6, 2008, the bill was sponsored by Senator Benigno S. Aquino III, and co-sponsored by Senators Richard J. Gordon and Mar Roxas.

In the House of the Representatives, House Bill 3693 was filed on March 4, 2008 by Ma. Victoria Sy-Alvarado, Representative of the first district of Bulacan. The Committee on Local Government, of the House of the Representatives, approved House Bill 3162, declaring Malolos City as a lone congressional district separate and distinct from the first congressional district of the province of Bulacan. The said House Bill was substituted by House Bill 3693, which had been approved by the House on April 29, 2008; transmitted on May 5; and was received by the Senate on May 6, 2008.

The Republic Act 9591, entitled "An Act Amending Section 57 of Republic Act No. 8754, otherwise known as the Charter of the City of Malolos" was passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate on April 29. 2008 and February 16, 2009 respectively. It was transmitted to the Office of the President on March 31, 2009. The Act Lapsed into law on May 1, 2009 without the signature of the President, in accordance with Article VI, Section 27 (1) of the Constitution.

The Commission on Elections (COMELEC) created a resolution, Resolution Number 09-0544, in the matter of Republic Act No. 9591 on the allocation of one (1) legislative district for the City of Malolos.

However, the Supreme Court declared the creation of the new legislative district as unconstitutional on January 28, 2010. The Supreme Court further reaffirmed on March 10, 2010 its decision to declare the creation of the new legislative district as unconstitutional, thus, the city remains part of the 1st District of Bulacan.

Demographics

Population Census of Malolos City
Year	Pop.	±% p.a.
1990	125,178	—
1995	147,414	+3.11%
2000	175,291	+3.78%
2007	223,269	+3.39%
2010	234,945	+1.87%

Language and ethnicity

The majority of the Maloleños (or Malolenyo in Filipino) traces their roots to Tagalog ethnicity although there are also Kapampangan and other ethnicities who migrated to the city. The vernacular language is Filipino, in the form of Tagalog, while Philippine English is the language most widely used in education and business throughout the city. Although Malolos is the city where the Filipinos established the Spanish as their only official language in the first constitution, the native speakers of Spanish still alive are reduced to the very old members of a handful of families.

Population and Barangays

Based on the 2007 Census of Population and Housing, as of August 1, the city's population was at 223,069 people. It had a population density of 3,317 persons per square kilometer. There are 47,362 households in the city. Majority of the Malolos households usually lives along the major roads. It has an average crime rate of 6.28% and has a crime solution efficiency of 97.11%.

Malolos City is subdivided into 52 barangays that are spread over a land area of 7,725 hectares (19,090 acres) consisting of agricultural, commercial, industrial, residential, bodies of water, fishponds, marshes and roads. Many of the name of the barangays were derived from the name of common Philippine trees, because Malolos was once a vast virgin land and forests, before the Spaniards came and Christianized the natives. While others were named in honor of their patron saints.

Recently, the National Statistics Office released the official result of 2010 census in which Malolos City has a population of 234,945 people, an increase of 15,000 people from the 2007 census.

Map	Barangay	1-May-2000	1-Aug-2007	1-May-2010
50px	Anilao	2,339	4,520	2,999
	Atlag	4,635	5,028	5,101
50px	Babatnin	788	817	969
50px	Bagna	4,368	5,427	5,061
	Bagong Bayan	3,055	3,528	3,489
	Balayong	1,889	2,532	3,059
	Balite	2,017	2,425	2,579
	Bangkal	261	8,803	11,030
	Barihan	4,587	5,660	5,404
	Bulihan	10,235	12,732	13,134
50px	Bungahan	1,983	2,461	2,731
50px	Caingin	5,804	7,874	6,867
50px	Calero	988	1,131	1,214
50px	Caliligawan	211	342	428
50px	Canalate	3,560	3,719	4,015
50px	Caniogan	5,039	5,158	5,239
50px	Catmon	1,961	1,828	1,988
	Cofradia	3,183	4,853	3,815
50px	Dakila	4,851	4,288	5,146
	Guinhawa	1,686	1,446	3,003
50px	Ligas	4,354	5,891	6,119
50px	Liang	1,248	1,575	1,564
50px	Longos	7,700	10,808	11,361
50px	Look 1st	4,788	5,922	5,614
	Look 2nd	1,877	2,485	2,610
50px	Lugam	3,012	3,966	4,355
50px	Mabolo	4,870	6,202	6,399
50px	Mambog	2,384	2,748	2,344
50px	Masile	790	744	884
	Matimbo	5,685	6,254	6,455
50px	Mojon	12,559	15,541	17,261
50px	Namayan	738	856	872
50px	Niugan	456	556	572
50px	Pamarawan	2,660	2,861	3,425
50px	Panasahan	6,874	8,024	8,612
50px	Pinagbakahan	1,617	3,816	5,653
50px	San Agustin	1,821	2,090	2,202
50px	San Gabriel	1,947	2,578	2,234
50px	San Juan	2,897	3,439	4,326
50px	San Pablo	4,958	4,954	5,035
	Santa Isabel
50px	San Vicente (Poblacion)	1,981	2,007	2,529
50px	Santiago	1,771	1,875	1,972
50px	Santisima Trinidad	4,658	6,111	6,384
50px	Santo Cristo	1,730	1,714	1,929
50px	Santo Niño (Poblacion)	641	453	532
50px	Santo Rosario (Poblacion)	7,065	7,211	7,593
50px	Santor	3,285	6,868	8,046
50px	Sumapang Bata	1,600	2,087	2,424
50px	Sumapang Matanda	6,272	7,696	7,258
	Taal	1,868	2,101	2,118
50px	Tikay	7,745	9,064	8,992

Footnotes:

^1 Source: National Statistics Office

^2 From NSO 2000 Census.

^3 From NSO 2007 Census.

Christianity and other religion

Malolos Cathedral-Basilica, the principal church of the city and the Province of Bulacan

The Christianization of Malolos was done by the Augustinians in 1572-1578 thru the effort of Fray Diego Ordoñez de Vivar and it became one of the visitas of Parish of Tondo together with Pasig, Taal, San Pablo delos Montes and Paranaque. In 1575 the ecclesiastical administration was transferred to the Convent of Calumpit. In June 11, 1580 the mission chapel was accepted by the Augustinians as House of Order and became Iglesia Convento y Malolos with visitas of Paombong, Matimbo, Mambog and Quingua in 1581. Later due to the frequent high tides that submerged the area, the friars moved the church to its present location in Poblacion in 1590 under the curate Fray Cristobal Tarique, where started to built church made of light materials and wood. In 1599 Fray Roque de Barrionuevo started to built church made of stone and it was finished in 1673. The majority of the residents are Christians. Roman Catholic is the predominant religion in the City.

Santa Isabel de Hungaria Church, built in 1673 as visita of Malolos and became Parish in 1859

Since the Spanish Period, Christianity, particularly Roman Catholicism faith in Malolos is very intensive. It is evident through the existence of the Old 3 big stone churches. (Malolos Church,Barasoain Church and Santa Isabel Church) Being a dominant Catholic, Malolos together with the whole province of Bulacan is constituted as Vicaria dela Inmaculada Concepcion in which the (Cura de Malolos is the Vicar Forane) formerly annexed to the Archdiocese of Manila until March 11, 1962, when Pope John XXIII erected the Diocese of Malolos making the Malolos Church as its Cathedral. On March 2012 the Diocese of Malolos will celebrate its 50th Anniversary. It was highlighted by the Canonical Coronation of the patroness and queen of the City and the whole Province, Virgen Inmaculada Concepción de Malolos enshrined at the cathedral's altar.

Other religious groups include the Methodists, Aglipayans, Adventists, Baptists, Mormons, other Protestant churches, and Nontrinitarian churches (like Members Church of God International, Iglesia ni Cristo, and Jehovah's Witness). There also some Evangelical, Pentecostal, Charismatic churches, ministries, fellowships and religious groups. Islam (Muslims) could also be found in the city.

Economy

Commerce and industry

A Section of Malolos Bayan

Robinsons Place Malolos opened December 12, 2013 Robinsons Land Corporation's 35th Mall

The City of Malolos is rapidly becoming industrialized due to its proximity to Metro Manila. Many corporations put up industrial plants and sites, and commercial and banking establishments in key places in the city. Malolos also serves as the Banking Capital of Bulacan, in prominent areas of the city particularly in Paseo del Congreso Avenue, the city hosts almost 40 banks. Many of the businesses and industries in the city include Agribusiness; Aquaculture; Banking; Cement Bag Making Ceramics; Construction; Courier; Education; Food/Food Processing; Furniture; Garments; Gifts, Housewares & Decorations; Hospitals; Hotels, Resorts & Restaurants; Information and Communications Technology; Insurance; Jewelry; Leather & Leather Tanning; Manpower; Manufacturing; Marble; Printing Press; Realty/Real Property Development; Shoe Manufacturing; Textile; Trade; Transport Services; Travel & Tours; and other services. Malolos City is now one of the Commercial Hubs in Central Luzon, being a promising investment city many projects are presently rising. Some of those projects are:

• "Puregold Malolos or Puregold Jr at Malolos Junction, the 2nd PPCI Store in the City.
• "STI Academic Center Malolos, a 7-storey Building along MacArthur Highway.
• Bulacan Eco-Commercial Center, own by the Provincial Government of Bulacan, presently constructed near Northrail Malolos Station, fronting Graceland Mall in MacArthur Highway.
• Mighty Corporation, a cigarette factory located in Barangay Tikay.
• Robinsons Place Malolos, a major shopping mall owned by Robinsons Land Corporation located at MacArthur Highway, Baranggay Sumapang Matanda.
• SM City Malolos, a major shopping mall owned by Henry Sy (SM Supermalls) located at MacArthur Highway, Barangay Bulihan.
• Starmall Malolos one of the major shopping mall in the Philippines owned by Senator Manny Villar, located at MacArthur Highway, Barangay Longos beside Camella Provence.

Major Industries

• Industrial Estates
• Agriculture
• Aquaculture
• Banking
• Bag Making
• Flowers/Ornamental Plants
• Food/Food Processing
• Garments
• Gifts/Houseware/Decors

Major Products

• Bakeries Products (Enseymada Malolos, Otap Bread)
• Processed Meat
• Processed Food (Atsarang Kangkong, Bagoong Alamang)
• Metallic products
• Rice
• Fishes and other Seafoods.

First Bulacan Industrial City

The First Bulacan Industrial City is the very first industrial estate established in Province of Bulacan located at Barangay Tikay. There are more than 20 corporations and companies operating their factories inside the estate.

Heritage, Tourism, Culture and Arts

See also: Malolos Historic Town Center

Malolos Historic Town Center
The Historic Town Center of Malolos was declared as one of the Philippine Heritage Sites in August 2001.
Location	City of Malolos, Bulacan, Philippines 3000
Governing body	National Historical Commission of the Philippines
Designated	August 15, 2001

Malolos hailed as the Premiere Heritage City of Bulacan. Many ancestral houses from Spanish and American period,numerous Spanish colonial churches and chapels, historical sites and landmarks even structures such as walls and bridges with heritage and historical value found around the city. Some of these are already marked by National Historical Institute while others are marked by the City Government. The historic town center of Malolos was declared National Heritage Landmark in August 15, 2001 under the name of Malolos Heritage Town.

Don Antonio Bautista's mansion

• Barasoain Church, located in Paseo del Congreso. Erected in 1885 actually it is a second building on the site, the first one was burned in May 1884. It is the site of the very First Philippine Congress in September 15, 1898, and the Inauguration of the First Philippine Republic in January 23, 1899. In this church the Oath of Office of Emilio Aguinaldo and Joseph Estrada as Philippine presidents had take place.Within the premises of Barasoain Church,there are other historical markers installed by National Historical Commission.

-Universidad Literaria y Scienifico de Filipina at Malolos Convent -General Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy Monument at Barasoain patio. -Unang Republika ng Pilipinas installed at left side of the main lateral wall of the church.

• Malolos Cathedral Originally visita of Tondo in 1572 and became town parish in June 11, 1580 the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos in 1962. Malolos Church served as Palacio Presidencia during First Republic of the Philippines in 1898-1899. It was marked by National Historical Institute in 1956
• Casa Real de Malolos, originally built in 1580 as Casa Tribunal and Casa Presidencia of town gobernadorcillo,became Spanish treasury in 1673.Declared National Shrine in October 4, 1965
• Gobierno Militar dela Plaza, ancestral house of Doña Gregoria Vasquez Adriano,became headquarters of Gobierno Militar de la Plaza during 1898-1899, marked and declared heritage site in 1998
• Pook na Sinilangan ni Jose Cojuangco, the ancestral house of Cojuangcos, marked and declared heritage site in 2009
• Paaralan ng mg Kababaihan ng malolos, ruins of the actual site of the school of the women of Malolos established in 1889.
• Pook na Sinilangan ni Isidoro Matanglawin-Torres, actual site of the birthplace of General Isidoro Torres at Barrio Matimbo, a Katipunan General, marked by National Historical Institute.
• Pook na Sinilangan ni Guillermo Tolentino, ancestral house of National Artist Guillermo Tolentino, marked bu National Historical Commission of the Philippines in 2012.
• Alberta Uitangcoy Santos House, house of Doña Alberta Uitangcoy Santos leader of the famed 20 Women of Malolos, declared Heritage House in 2012.

Other sites that possess heritage and historical value but are not currently marked by the National Historical Institute:

• Casa Tribunal de Malolos, 2nd town hall of Malolos at Calle Pariancillo.
• Bulacan Capitol Building, built in 1930 in Art Deco style, designed by Juan Arellano.
• Malolos Municipal Building, built in 1940 in Neo Classical style at the bank of Liyang River opposite to the cathedral.
• Santa Isabel de Hungria Church and Convent, another Malolos Colonial Church built in 1859.
• Don Ramon Gonzales de Leon House, Gobernadorcillo, built in 1923.
• Don Antonio Bautista House, Aguinaldo Ayunda de Campo, built in 1820 and renovated by Isabelo Tampinco it is the original house of Doña Rufina Tanjosoy.
• Don Jose Bautista, built in 1877 in Art Nouveau manner, ancestral house of Don.Jose Bautista, husband of Doña Rufina Tanjosoy.
• Dr.Luis Santos House, art deco house built in 1933 house of malolos renowned eye doctor.Dr.Luis is a son of Doña Alberta Uitangcoy.
• Hermogenes Reyes House, built in 1904
• Don Santiago Cruz House at Pariancillo,Barrio Santiago, ancestral house of then Gobernadorcillo Santiago.
• Mariano Crisostomo House I, house of Liberal Gobernadorcillo Don Mariano Crisostomo Calle M.Tengco
• Mariano Crisostomo House II, another house of Mariano Crisostomo located at Calle Estrella, barrio Sto.Rosario
• Aguas Potables de Malolos, American Period water cistern built in 1923 by Mayor Mariano Santos-Tengco.
• Tomas Tanchangco House II, another ancestral house of Gobernadorcillo Don Tomas Tanchangco at Calle Tenjeco,Sa Vicente.
• Santo Rosario Chapel, barrio chapel built in 1870 used as temporary town Church when the revolutionaries burned the main town church in 1899.
• Iglesia Filipina Independiente, built in 1903 Bulacan Cathedral of Iglesia Filipina Independietne, also known as Aglipay.
• Atlag Methodist Church, one of the first Methodist Churches in the Philippines also built in 1903.
• Bulacan High School, 1905 ruins of the first secondary high school built by Thomasites in Malolos.
• 1913 Gabaldon Building of Malolos Central School

Feasts and Festivals

Dubbed as the Bulacan's City of Festivals, Malolos boasts with many feasts and festivals every year. Some festivals are civic festivities and most are religious festivals.

• Singkaban Festival (Sining at Kalinangan ng Bulacan), a festival of arts and culture in honor of Capitol's patron saint, "Our Lady of Victory", showcasing the traditional arts of "Balagtasan", "Kundiman" and folk dances amidst of the "Singkaban" arches. The festival is celebrated in every second week of September which is in conjunction with the "Linggo ng Bulacan". Linggo ng Bulacan (Held during September 8–15), A province-wide, week-long celebration consisting of various colourful cultural presentations, art and culinary exhibits, arts and skills contests, and the prestigious annual Dangal ng Lipi Awards Night. Yearly, its activities vary depending upon the chosen theme for the year. This festival is named after the special "BAMBOO ART" abundantly known to the Bulacan province especially in Malolos and Hagonoy where Singkaban Art originated. There are two types of Singkaban, Singkabang Malolos

Malolos version of Singkaban made in Pulo,Barihan

• Sto Niño de Malolos Festival – This is held during the last Sunday of January, The biggest and largest expression of devotion to the Holy Child Jesus in the Luzon island, celebrated every last Sunday of January. The festivities begin with an exhibit of "Santo Niño" (Holy Child) and culminate in a grand procession of hundreds of folk, antique and new statues of the Holy Child in different depictions. The highlight of this festival is the hundred year-old antique miraculous image of Senor Sto Nino de Malolos.
• Pista ng Barihan" - held annually on Trinity Sunday, it is commonly called Pista ng Santisima Trinidad because the barangays of Santisima Trinidad and Pinagbakahan were once annexed to Barangay Barihan. This fiesta started since the 19th century, where thousands of people attending this fiesta to pray for petition and wishes also to view the procession of three, miraculous and highly venerated antique icons of the Holy Trinity, together with other holy images from across the province.

The four holy images are:

• • Santisima Trinidad de Mayor - oil on canvas, the back of the canvass exposed a date of January 10, 1500, and is thus the oldest catholic icon in the Philippines. It is considered very miraculous by majority faithful.
  • Santisima Trinidad na Bata - oil on rosewood icon, the 1762 image is the second-oldest in the group, it is enclosed in an carved wooden frame.
  • Santisima Trinidad de Trisagio - the last and youngest of the three holy icons.
  • The fourth venerated icon, the Santisima Trinidad de Antigo, was formerly enshrined in the Santisima Trinidad Chapel's main altar. It was stolen on October 27, 1981, and has never been recovered.

All of these antique and miraculous images are in the custody of the Bisita ng Santisima Trinidad.

• Pabukang Puso - held every March 19 in Panasahan, commemorates the death of St. Joseph the Worker, Foster-father of Jesus. It is annually held at the front house of Roxas clan in Panasahan, whose patriarch, Valentin Roxas, started it in 1975. This tradition still continue until present day where the younger generations of the clan organising it.
• Pag-akyat Festival one of the traditionally-preserved feasts in the city,held in Barangay Atlag. It culminates Acenscion of Our Lord.
• Fiesta Republica (A Festival of the Philippine History)

Parks and museums

Capitol Mini-Forest and Children's Park.

Gat Blas F. Ople Sentro ng Kabataan, Sining at Kultura ng Bulacan.

Bulacan Provincial Library.

• Hardin ng mga Bayani at Sining also known as Capitol Mini-Forest and Children's Park, in Provincial Capitol Compound
• Bulacan Heroes Park in Bulacan State University
• Mini Rizal Park in Bulacan State University
• Museo ng Bulacan, Hiyas ng Bulacan Museum Complex, located 500 m from Barasoain Church, is a cultural center and museum that houses the works, artifacts, relics and manuscripts of Francisco Balagtas, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Gregorio del Pilar, Mariano Ponce and other famous men of Bulacan.
• Casa Real Shrine, also known as the Malolos City Library and Museum
• Barasoain Museum, located across the hall of the Barasoain Convent, is managed by the National Historical Institute. Its corridors are hung with historical photographs of Bulacan and different rooms relate how democracy was established in the country. Open daily, 8am-5pm. Admission is free. The church and convent were declared as a National Landmark on August 1, 1973, under Presidential Decree No. 260 and both underwent a thorough restoration under the supervision of the National Historical Commission.
• Museo Diocesano de Malolos, an ecclesiastical art museum housed also at the Barasoain Convent, is managed by the Diocese of Malolos. It houses relics and religious items such as original 19th century baptismal records of Marcelo Hilario (a.k.a. Marcelo H. del Pilar), Francisco Baltazar (a.k.a. Francisco Balagtas) and Gregorio del Pilar; a bone fragment of San Vicente Ferrer encased in glass; priestly robes embroidered with gold-plated silver threads, antique prayer cards and altar frontals from different churches.

Education

Malolos is hailed as one of the centers of education in Central Luzon region of the Philippines. The city is host to numerous schools in the primary, secondary and tertiary level. Here are the partial list of schools, academies, institutes, colleges, and universities in Malolos.

Colleges and universities

• Bulacan State University (BULSU) (Main Campus)
• Centro Escolar University (CEU) (Malolos Campus)
• La Consolacion University Philippines (formerly University of Regina Carmeli) (Catmon and Barasoain Campus)
• Bulacan Polytechnic College(BPC) (Main Campus)
• STI Academic Center
• AMA Computer College (AMACC)
• AMA Computer Learning Center (ACLC)
• ABE International College of Business & Accountancy
• St. Augustine College of Nursing
• Divine Colleges of Malolos City, Inc. (formerly Divine Arts & Sciences Computer College, Inc.)
• Collegio De San Jose (Veritas Technical School)
• Datacase Computer Technology Inc.
• Manila Montessori College International – Malolos Campus
• Corinthian International College
• Technical Skills Development Authority – Bulacan Provincial Training Center
• Saint Amatiel College

High schools, elementary, and pre-schools

Public or Government-Subsidized Schools

• Bulacan State University Laboratory High School (BulSU-LHS), in Guinhawa
• Bulihan National High School, in Bulihan
• Malolos City High School, in Bungahan, Santisima Trinidad, and Canalate
• Malolos City Integrated School (formerly Malolos Elementary School), in Santo Rosario, Babatnin, Catmon, Atlag
• Malolos Marine Fishery School & Laboratory (MMFS&L), in Balite founded in 1971
• Marcelo H. del Pilar National High School (MHPNHS), in Bagong Bayan (Santa Isabel)
• Pamarawan High School, in Pamarawan
• Pres. Corazon Cojuanco-Aquino National High School, in Mojon
• Cong. Teodulo C. Natividad High School, in Bangkal

Malolos has 38 public elementary schools under the authority of Department of Education Division of City Schools of Malolos, the city schools are divided into two educational district (EDDIS) for representational purpose. The office of DEPED Division of City Schools of Malolos is currently located at the Malolos City Integrated School (formerly known as Malolos Elementary School) in barangay Santo Rosario.

Malolos North District

• Balite Elementary School
• Barasoain Memorial Elementary School
• Barihan Primary School
• Bulihan Elementary School
• Bungahan Elementary School
• Caingin Elementary School
• Catmon Elementary School
• Dakila Elementary School
• Ligas Elementary School
• Longos Elementary School
• Look 2nd Elementary School
• Look 1st Elementary School
• Lugam Annex Elementary School
• Mabolo Elementary School
• San Pablo Primary School
• Santor Elementary School
• Sta. Isabel Elementary School
• Stma. Trinidad Elementary School
• Sumapa Primary School
• Sumapa Elementary School
• Tikay Elementary School
• Cofradia Elementary School
• Pinagbakahan Elementary School
• Longos II Elementary School
• San Agustin Elementary School

Malolos South District

• Anilao Elementary School
• Atlag Elementary School
• Babatnin Elementary School
• Bagna Elementary School
• Balayong Primary School
• Bangkal Elementary School
• Caliligawan Primary School
• Canalate Elementary School
• Caniogan Elementary School
• Gen. Isidoro Torres Elementary School Memorial Elementary School (GITMES)in Matimbo
• Malolos City Integrated School (formerly Malolos Elementary School), Santo Rosario Campus
• Mambog Elementary School
• Masile Elementary School
• Namayan Elementary School
• Pamarawan Elementary School
• Panasahan Elementary School
• San Juan Elementary School
• Taal Elementary School
• Santo Cristo Elementary School
• Calero Elementary School

Footnotes Elementary School:

• ^1 the "Central" school where the office of Department of Education Division of City School located.
• ^2 offers Special Education (SPED)

Private schools
There are many privately owned and church-operated schools Elementary Schooltablished in the city. Private Schools are member of Malolos City Private schools Association (MACIPRISA).

2

Social services

Housing

• The Malolos City hosts more than 51 residential subdivisions and the Northville 8 Resettlement Project of the Philippine government.

Health

Hospitals, medical centers and large clinics:

2

Health centers:

• Malolos Rural Health Unit (RHS) I
• Malolos RHU II
  • Malolos Healthy Lifestyle and Fitness Center
• Malolos RHU III
  • Malolos Lying In
• Malolos RHU IV
• Malolos RHU V
• Malolos RHU VI
• Estefania J. Aldaba Memorial Health Center and School Clinic
• Bulihan BHS (Malolos RHU II)
• Catmon BHS (Malolos RHU)
• Mojon BHS (Malolos RHU II)

External links

• Malolos City Bulacan
• Malolos City Charter
• Senate Bill 1986 – Amending Malolos City Charter, "THE LONE CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT OF THE CITY OF MALOLOS"
• Official Website of the Province of Bulacan
• Malolos City on the Official Website of Bulacan
• The Malolos Republic
• The First Philippine Republic at Malolos
• The Malolos Constitution (Translated in English)
• Women of Malolos Foundation, Inc. official Website
• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Philippine Census Information
• The American Occupation of Malolos (1899)