Marita Koch

Marita Koch

Personal information
Born	(1957-02-18) 18 February 1957 Wismar, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, East Germany
Height	171 cm (5 ft 7 in)
Weight	62 kg (137 lb)
Sport
Sport	Track and field
Medal record Women's Athletics Representing East Germany Olympic Games 1980 Moscow 400 m 1980 Moscow 4 × 400 m relay World Championships 1983 Helsinki 200 m 1983 Helsinki 4 × 100 m relay 1983 Helsinki 4 × 400 m relay 1983 Helsinki 100 m
Updated on 30 June 2015.

Marita Koch (born 18 February 1957), married name Marita Koch Meier, is a German former sprint track and field athlete. During her career she collected a remarkable sixteen world records in outdoor sprints as well as 14 world records in indoor events. Her record of 47.60 in the 400 metres, set on 6 October 1985 still stands. Only once since then (Marie-José Pérec at the 1996 Olympics) has another athlete even come within a second of her time. Perec was also coached later on in her sprinting career by Koch's coach, Wolfgang Meier.

Biography

Marita Koch and Silke Gladisch (background) in Karl-Marx-Stadt, June 18, 1983

Born in Wismar, East Germany, Marita Koch displayed exceptional speed even as a young child, defeating boys much older than herself in sprint races whilst at school. By the time Koch had turned 15 years old, she was training under Wolfgang Meier. Meier worked as a Naval Engineer, but also coached athletics part-time. Koch and Meier moved to Rostock and Koch began to study Medicine, but she decided to stop her studies and focus on running instead.

Koch was coached by Meier for her entire career and they later married. She retained her maiden name and is now known as "Marita Koch-Meier". Koch and her Husband Wolfgang Meier have a Daughter "Ulrike".

She has held world records over several distances from 50 m to 400 m. Some of Koch's best performances are as follows:

• 100 m 10.83 seconds (+1.7) Berlin (GER) 8/6/1983
• 200 m 21.71 seconds (+0.7) Karl Marx Stadt (GDR) 10/6/1979
• 400 m 47.60 seconds, Bruce Stadium, Canberra (AUS) 6/10/1985

Koch ran in the 400 m quarter final at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal (51.87 seconds), but withdrew due to injury.

Koch set her first world record in 1977 in Milan, when she ran 400 m indoors in 51.8 seconds. The following year, she set her first outdoor record at 400 m in 49.19 seconds. She topped this with another two world records within a month.

In 1979 Koch became the first woman to run 200 m in under 22 seconds. Her time of 21.71 seconds (wind +0.7 m/s) set at Karl Marx Stadt stood as the world record for nine years. Koch tied her own 200m WR in 1984 (21.71 seconds +0.3 m/s Potsdam). However, Koch's 200m WR was equaled twice in 1986 by Heike Drechsler. One of Drechsler's 21.71 second 200m performances was achieved into a headwind where as both of Koch's WR performances of 21.71 had a tail wind. Drechsler also competed for East Germany specialising in the longjump, 100m and 200m sprints.

At the Moscow Olympics of 1980 she won the gold medal in the individual 400 m and silver medal in the 4 × 400 m relay race.

Three weeks before the 1984 Olympic Games she tied her own record, but the East German boycott prevented her from competing in the games.

Koch set the current 400 m world record of 47.60 seconds, a time considered far out of reach of even the best present athletes, on 6 October 1985 at Bruce Stadium in Canberra, Australia, at that years World Cup meet. Canberra, Australia's capital city, is at 605 metres altitude.

Koch's 1985 world record 400 m run had been well planned and her basic speed and speed endurance proven in several training runs in the weeks prior. 1 week prior to her 400m WR run anecdotal reports suggest that Koch had run 200m in 21.56 seconds (Fully Automatic time). This 200m performance was never verified by the IAAF and remains unofficial.

The 400m world record run

Koch running in lane 2 came out of the blocks at a scorching pace, destroying the stagger on most of her competitors by the end of the first bend. Her 100 m split time was reported to be 11.3 seconds, while her 200 m split time was reported to be 22.4 seconds. At the half-way point in the race she had completely disregarded most of a world class field. Her 300 m split was reported to be 34.1 seconds (hand timed).

During the final stages of Koch's WR 400 m race the original video footage only captured Koch and Olga Bryzhina (née Vladykina) of the Former USSR, trailing behind but closing the gap. The rest of the field had been left so far behind, they were not panned by the camera as Koch and Vladykina crossed the finishing line. Vladykina running in lane 1 displayed exceptional speed endurance over the final 100m of the race but Koch had gained too much advantage in the early stages of the race and she was unable to pull in Koch before the finish line. Vladykina also ran her all-time best performance (48.27 seconds) in that race on 6th Oct 1985.

An interesting fact is that Koch also holds the 300 m women's all-time best performance of 34.1 seconds (HT), which was achieved at the 300 m point of her 400 m WR run.

Koch's 200m split time (22.40 seconds) in her 400m WR run was exceptionally fast. A time of 22.40 seconds in a 200m race is a world class time.

Koch's 400 m record has stood for more than 30 years. In recent times perhaps the only woman sprinter to have demonstrated enough speed and speed endurance to come close to possibly challenging Koch's 47.60 sec record run is Allyson Felix. Felix clocked 47.8 secs in the 4 × 400 m relay leg at the London Olympics 2012.

In a 400 m laned race the only women to have broken the 48sec barrier are Marita Koch and Jarmila Kratochvílová (47.99 seconds, Helsinki 1983). Kratochvílová was Koch's main rival over the 400m distance and also a 400m WR holder in the early 1980s and the 400m WR kept changing between the two of them. Kratochvílová was also a superb 800m runner and she still holds the 800m WR set in 1983, which is the oldest standing track & field WR set by an individual.

As a member of East Germany's relay teams, Koch set more world records. They set new world records over 4 × 100 m in 1979 and 1983. The same team, with Koch part of it, that won silver over 4 × 400 m in the 1980 Olympic Games, set world records over the same distance in 1980, 1982 and 1984.

Koch retired from running in 1987. She had suffered from an Achilles tendon injury and she wanted to focus on family life. Her former coach, and now current husband Wolfgang Meier, owns a sports goods store in Rostock.

Marita Koch in Berlin, August 21, 1986

Koch also won the European Championships at 400 m in 1978, 1982 and 1986, before retiring in 1987 as one of Germany's most successful athletes. She remained the European record holder over 200 m until 28 August 2015 when Dafne Schippers won the 200 m final in 2015 World Championships with a time of 21.63 seconds establishing a new European record.

Drug use controversy

Main article: Doping in East Germany

Koch's achievements, along with performances of many other East German female athletes, have long been under suspicion that they were achieved with the aid of performance-enhancing drugs. These drugs were and remain illegal, but were not detectable at the time. In 1991 German anti drug activists Brigitte Berendonk and Werner Franke were able to save several doctoral theses and other documents written by scientists, working for the East German drug research program. The documents list the dosage and timetables for the administration of anabolic steroids to many athletes of the former GDR, one of them being Marita Koch. According to the sources Koch did use the anabolic steroid Oral-Turinabol (4-Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone) from 1981 to 1984 with dosages ranging from 530 to 1460 mg/year. Koch never publicly admitted to this. However, a letter to the head of the state-owned pharmaceutical company Jenapharm (which became a subsidiary of Schering AG, not to be confused with Schering-Plough) was discovered by researcher Werner Franke, in which Marita Koch complained that fellow sprinter Bärbel Wöckel received larger doses of steroids than herself, because she had a relative working in the company.

Wöckel had won gold medals over 200 m at Montreal 1976 and again in Moscow 1980. However even when Wöckel was in her prime, it was Koch who held the world record over 200 m (21.71) from 1979-1988. Wöckel's best performance over 200 m was 21.85 in Potsdam, 1984.

See also

• German all-time top lists – 100 metres
• German all-time top lists – 200 metres

External links

• Marita Koch profile at IAAF

Awards and achievements
Preceded by Rosemarie Ackermann	East German Sportswoman of the Year 1978 – 1979	Succeeded by Maxi Gnauck
Preceded by Rosemarie Ackermann	Women's Track & Field Athlete of the Year 1978 – 1979	Succeeded by Ilona Briesenick
Preceded by Ute Geweniger	East German Sportswoman of the Year 1982 – 1983	Succeeded by Katarina Witt
Preceded by Katarina Witt	East German Sportswoman of the Year 1985	Succeeded by Heike Drechsler
Preceded by Tracy Caulkins	United Press International Athlete of the Year 1979	Succeeded by Hanni Wenzel
Preceded by Chris Evert Lloyd	United Press International Athlete of the Year 1982	Succeeded by Jarmila Kratochvílová
Preceded by Evelyn Ashford	Women's Track & Field Athlete of the Year 1982	Succeeded by Jarmila Kratochvílová
Preceded by Evelyn Ashford	Women's Track & Field Athlete of the Year 1985	Succeeded by Jackie Joyner-Kersee
Sporting positions
Preceded by Irena Szewińska	Women's 200 m Best Year Performance 1978 – 1979	Succeeded by Bärbel Wöckel
Preceded by Evelyn Ashford	Women's 200 m Best Year Performance 1982 – 1985	Succeeded by Heike Drechsler