Martin McGuinness

Martin McGuinness MLA
Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland
In office 8 May 2007 Absent: 20 September 2011 – 31 October 2011 – 9 January 2017 Serving with Ian Paisley, Peter Robinson, Arlene Foster
Preceded by	Mark Durkan
Minister of Education
In office 2 December 1999 – 14 October 2002
First Minister	David Trimble
deputy First Minister	Seamus Mallon Mark Durkan
Preceded by	Office created
Succeeded by	Caitríona Ruane
Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly for Mid Ulster
Incumbent
Assumed office 25 June 1998
Preceded by	Office created
Member of Parliament for Mid Ulster
In office 1 May 1997 – 2 January 2013
Preceded by	William McCrea
Succeeded by	Francie Molloy
Majority	15,363 (37.6%)
Personal details
Born	James Martin Pacelli McGuinness (1950-05-23) May 23, 1950 Derry, Northern Ireland
Died	Derry, Northern Ireland
Political party	Sinn Féin
Spouse(s)	Bernadette Canning (m.1974 - his death 2017)
Children	4
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Website	Official website Sinn Féin profile

James Martin Pacelli McGuinness (Irish: Séamus Máirtín Pacelli Mag Aonghusa; born in Derry on 23 May 1950 - died on 21 March 2017) was a far-left Irish republican Sinn Féin politician who served as the deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland from May 2007 to January 2017. He was also Sinn Féin's unsuccessful candidate for President of Ireland in the 2011 election.

A former Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) leader, McGuinness was the MP for Mid Ulster from 1997 until his resignation on 2013. Like all Sinn Féin MPs, McGuinness practised abstentionism in relation to the Westminster Parliament. Following the St Andrews Agreement and the Assembly election in 2007, he became deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland on 8 May 2007, with the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) leader Ian Paisley becoming First Minister. On 5 June 2008 he was re-appointed as deputy First Minister to serve alongside Peter Robinson, who succeeded Paisley as First Minister. McGuinness previously served as Minister of Education in the Northern Ireland Executive between 1999 and 2002.

On 9 January 2017, McGuinness resigned as deputy First Minister in a protest over the Renewable Heat Incentive scandal. He announced on 19 January that he would not be standing for re-election to the Northern Ireland Assembly in the 2 March 2017 election due to ill health. He reportedly suffered from amyloidosis, a condition that attacks the vital organs, and retired shortly before his death on 21 March 2017, aged 66.

Provisional IRA activity

McGuinness has acknowledged that he is a former IRA member but claims that he left the IRA in 1974. He originally joined the Official IRA, unaware of the split at the December 1969 Army Convention, switching to the Provisional IRA soon after. By the start of 1972, at the age of 21, he was second-in-command of the IRA in Derry, a position he held at the time of Bloody Sunday, when 14 civil rights protesters were killed in the city by soldiers of the 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment.

During the Saville Inquiry into the events of that day, Paddy Ward claimed to have been the leader of the Fianna, the youth wing of the IRA at the time of Bloody Sunday. He claimed that McGuinness and another anonymous IRA member gave him bomb parts that morning. He said that his organisation intended to attack city centre premises in Derry on the same day. In response, McGuinness said the claims were "fantasy", while Gerry O’Hara, a Derry Sinn Féin councillor, stated that he and not Ward was the Fianna leader at the time.

The inquiry concluded that, although McGuinness was "engaged in paramilitary activity" at the time of Bloody Sunday and had probably been armed with a Thompson submachine gun, there was insufficient evidence to make any finding other than they were "sure that he did not engage in any activity that provided any of the soldiers with any justification for opening fire".

McGuinness negotiated alongside Gerry Adams with the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Willie Whitelaw, in 1972.

In 1973, he was convicted by the Republic of Ireland's Special Criminal Court, after being arrested near a car containing 250 pounds (110 kg) of explosives and nearly 5,000 rounds of ammunition. He refused to recognise the court, and was sentenced to six months imprisonment. In court, he declared his membership of the Provisional IRA without equivocation: 'We have fought against the killing of our people... I am a member of Óglaigh na hÉireann and very, very proud of it'.

After his release, and another conviction in the Republic for IRA membership, he became increasingly prominent in Sinn Féin, the political wing of the republican movement. He was in indirect contact with British intelligence during the hunger strikes in the early 1980s, and again in the early 1990s. He was elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly at Stormont in 1982, representing Londonderry. He was the second candidate elected after John Hume. As with all elected members of Sinn Féin and the SDLP, he did not take up his seat. On 9 December 1982, McGuinness, Gerry Adams and Danny Morrison were banned from entering Great Britain under the Prevention of Terrorism Act by William Whitelaw, the then Home Secretary.

In August 1993, he was the subject of a two-part special by The Cook Report, a Central TV investigative documentary series presented by Roger Cook. It accused him of continuing involvement in IRA activity, of attending an interrogation and of encouraging Frank Hegarty, an informer, to return to Derry from a safe house in England. Hegarty's mother Rose appeared on the programme to tell of telephone calls to McGuinness and of Hegarty's subsequent murder. McGuinness denied her account and denounced the programme saying "I have never been in the IRA. I don't have any sway over the IRA".

In 2005, Michael McDowell, the Irish Tánaiste, claimed McGuinness, along with Gerry Adams and Martin Ferris, were members of the seven-man IRA Army Council. McGuinness denied the claims, saying he was no longer an IRA member. Experienced Troubles journalist Peter Taylor presented further apparent evidence of McGuinness's role in the IRA in his documentary Age of Terror, shown in April 2008. In his documentary, Taylor alleges that McGuinness was the head of the IRA's Northern Command and had advance knowledge of the IRA's 1987 Enniskillen bombing, which left 11 civilians dead.

Chief negotiator and Minister of Education

He became Sinn Féin's chief negotiator in the Northern Ireland peace process negotiations which led to the Good Friday Agreement. He was elected to the Northern Ireland Forum in 1996 representing Foyle. Having contested Foyle unsuccessfully at the 1983, 1987 and 1992 Westminster elections, he became MP for Mid Ulster in 1997 and after the Agreement was concluded, was returned as a member of the Assembly for the same constituency, and nominated by his party for a ministerial position in the power-sharing executive, where he became Minister of Education. One of his controversial acts as Minister of Education was his decision to scrap the 11-plus exam, which he himself had failed as a schoolchild. He was re-elected to the Westminster Parliament in 2001, 2005 and 2010.

In May 2003, transcripts of telephone calls between McGuinness and British officials including Mo Mowlam, the then Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, and Jonathan Powell, Tony Blair's Chief of Staff, were published in a biography of McGuinness entitled From Guns to Government by Kathryn Johnston and Liam Clarke. The tapes had been made by MI5 and the authors of the book were arrested under the Official Secrets Act. The conversations showed an easy and friendly relationship between McGuinness and Powell. He joked with Powell about unionist MPs while Mowlam referred to him as "babe" and discussed her difficulties with Blair. In another transcript, he praised Bill Clinton to Gerry Adams.

St Andrews Agreement and deputy First Minister

McGuinness, Ian Paisley, and Scottish First Minister Alex Salmond in 2008

United States President Barack Obama with Peter Robinson and McGuinness in March 2009.

In the weeks following the St Andrews Agreement, the four biggest parties—the DUP, Sinn Féin, the UUP and the SDLP—indicated their choice of ministries in the Executive and nominated members to fill them. The Assembly convened on 8 May 2007 and Paisley and McGuinness were nominated as First Minister and deputy First Minister respectively. On 12 May the Sinn Féin Ard Chomhairle agreed to take up three places on the Northern Ireland Policing Board, and nominated three MLAs to take them.

On 8 December 2007, while visiting President of the United States George W. Bush in the White House with the Northern Ireland First Minister Ian Paisley, McGuinness said to the press, "Up until the 26 March this year, Ian Paisley and I never had a conversation about anything—not even about the weather—and now we have worked very closely together over the last seven months and there's been no angry words between us.... This shows we are set for a new course."

2011 Irish presidential campaign

Main article: Irish presidential election, 2011

On 16 September 2011 McGuinness was announced as the Sinn Féin candidate in the 2011 Irish presidential election. In the election held on 27 October, McGuinness placed third in the first preference vote, behind Michael D. Higgins and Seán Gallagher.

McGuinness was the only candidate who was ineligible to vote in the election as, although he is an Irish citizen, he is not ordinarily resident in the Republic of Ireland. Following his defeat, McGuinness formally returned to the role of deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland on 31 October.

Resignation from the House of Commons

On 30 December 2012 McGuinness announced that he had formally resigned as the MP for Mid-Ulster stating "I have served formal notice of my resignation from the position of MP for Mid-Ulster with immediate effect. This is in line with my party's commitment to end double jobbing." In order to do this, he was made Steward of the Manor of Northstead on 2 January 2013 by Chancellor George Osborne, making him an employee of the Crown and thus ineligible for membership of the House of Commons.

Personal life

One of his middle names, Pacelli, is after Pope Pius XII.

He married Bernadette Canning in 1974. They have four children, two girls and two boys. McGuinness is a fan of the Derry Gaelic football and hurling teams and played both sports when he was younger. He grew up just 50 metres from Celtic Park, the home of Derry Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). His brother Tom played Gaelic football for Derry and is regarded as one of the county's best ever players. He has three Ulster Senior Football Championship medals, as well as Ulster Under 21 and All-Ireland Under 21 Championship medals. He also supports Derry City F.C. as his younger brother Paul played for the Candystripes. He supports Manchester United and he has followed them since he was 8 years old. McGuinness also has an enduring interest in cricket – sometimes extending his support to the England cricket team, as well as that of Ireland.

Health and death

McGuiness is a member of the Pioneer Total Abstinence Association, meaning that he does not drink alcohol.

In December 2016, McGuinness was advised against making a planned visit to China on medical grounds, initially announcing that this was due to "unforeseen personal circumstances". After subsequent tests, he was told that he was suffering from "a very serious illness". McGuinness and Sinn Féin declined to give details of his illness to the media. In January 2017, The Irish Times disclosed that McGuinness was suffering from amyloidosis, a rare incurable disease that affects organs. McGuinness complained that the Times had breached his privacy.

On 6 March 2017, McGuinness was hospitalised at Derry's Altnagelvin Area Hospital due to ill health. He died on 21 March, at the age of 66.

See also

• Northern Ireland peace process
• Operation Taurus

Further reading

• Clarke, Johnston; Clarke, Liam. (2003). Martin McGuinness: From Guns to Government. Mainstream. ISBN 978-1840187250

External links

• Official website
• Sinn Féin profile
• Profile at Parliament of the United Kingdom
• Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou
• Profile at Westminster Parliamentary Record
• Profile at BBC News Democracy Live
• Articles authored at Journalisted
• Martin McGuinness collected news and commentary at The Guardian
• 30 May 1972: Official IRA declares ceasefire. A young Martin McGuinness gives the Provisional IRA's reaction – VIDEO
• Martin McGuinness interviewed by James Macintyre on NewStatesman

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by William McCrea	Member of Parliament for Mid Ulster 1997–2013	Succeeded by Francie Molloy
Northern Ireland Assembly
Preceded by Constituency Created	Member of the Legislative Assembly for Mid Ulster 1999–2016	Succeeded by Linda Dillon
Incumbent
Northern Ireland Assembly
Preceded by Maeve McLaughlin	Member of the Legislative Assembly for Foyle 2016-	Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Office Created	Minister of Education 1999–2002	Succeeded by Caitríona Ruane
Preceded by Mark Durkan	deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland 2007–present	Incumbent