Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus'
Metropolitan of Kiev and all Rus' (Ruthenia) was a title of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople that existed in 988–1596 for metropolitan bishops of the Kiev Metropolis and later between 1620 and 1686.
Overview
Initially the metropolis of Kiev was located in Kiev, the capital of Kyivan Rus, after the invasion of Mongols, its seat was split between the Grand Duchy of Moscow in Moscow and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Vilnius.
With the appointment of Gregory II Bulgarian in 1458, the title was changed to Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' (Ruthenia) uniting both metropolis of Kiev and Halych (existed in the 14th century). The Grand Duchy of Moscow decided to appoint their own metropolitans without approval of the Ecumenical Patriarch. After 1458 all Muscovite metropolitans were titled as Metropolitans of Moscow and all Rus'.
The last Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' Michael Rohoza accepted the Union of Brest in 1596 and became a Major Archbishop of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus' of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church.
In 1620 the title was revived and granted to Job Boretsky who also became an Exarch of Ukraine of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. The last exarch of Ukraine approved by the Ecumenical Patriarch in 1681 was Metropolitan Pankratiy. There is a dispute that with appointment of Gedeon in 1685, the title was transferred to the Patriarchate of Moscow.
