Mitsubishi Astron engine

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4G5
File:Mitsubishi G54B engine(A135A).JPG
Mitsubishi G54B engine
Overview
Manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors
Also called Astron
Production 1972–present

The Mitsubishi Astron or 4G5 engine, is a series of straight-four internal combustion engines first built by Mitsubishi Motors in 1972. Engine displacement ranged from 1.8 to 2.6 litres, making it one of the largest four-cylinder engines of its time. It became the first Japanese production engine to combine both electronic fuel injection (EFI) and turbocharging.[1][2]

Design

It employed a hemispherical cylinder head, chain-driven single overhead camshaft (SOHC) and eight valves (two per cylinder). United States passenger car versions had a small secondary intake valve referred to as the "Jet Valve". This valve induced swirl in the intake charge, enabling the use of leaner fuel/air mixtures for lower emissions. It was designed as a cartridge containing the valve spring and seat which simply screwed into a threaded hole in the head, similar to a spark plug but inside the cam cover. The rocker arms for the intake valve were widened on the valve end to accommodate the cartridge, which was equipped with a very soft valve spring in order to avoid wear on the camshaft intake lobe. Modifications to the head were thereby reduced as the Jet Valve negated the necessity for a three-valve-per-cylinder design.[3]

In 1975, the Astron 80 introduced a system dubbed "Silent Shaft": the first use of twin balance shafts in a modern engine. It followed the designs of Frederick Lanchester, whose original patents Mitsubishi had obtained, and proved influential as Fiat/Lancia, Saab and Porsche all licensed this technology.[4]

The 4D5 engine is a range of four-cylinder belt-driven overhead camshaft diesel engines which were part of the "Astron" family, and introduced in 1980 in the then new fifth generation Galant. As the first turbodiesel to be offered in a Japanese passenger car, it proved popular in the emerging SUV and minivan markets where Mitsubishi was highly successful, until superseded by the 4M4 range in 1993. However, production of the 4D5 (4D56) continued throughout the 1990s as a lower-cost option than the more modern powerplants. Until now it is still in production, but made into a modern powerplant by putting a common rail direct injection fuel system into the engine.

4G51

The 4G51 displaces 1.85 L (1,850 cc).

Applications:

4G52

The 4G52 displaces 2.0 L (1,995 cc). Peak power for a 1975 Canter is 100 PS (74 kW), but power increased to as much as 125 PS (92 kW) for the twin-carb version fitted to the Galant GTO GSR and A115 Galant GS-II.

Applications:

4G53

The SOHC eight-valve 4G53 displaces 2.4 L (2,384 cc), with bore × stroke at 88.0 mm × 98.0 mm. Peak power is 110 PS (81 kW) at 5,000 rpm,[6] as fitted to the Rosa bus or the Canter cabover truck. This engine shares its dimensions with the contemporary Fuso 4DR1 diesel engine.

Applications

4G54

The SOHC eight-valve 4G54 (also known as the G54B) displaces 2.6 L (2,555 cc), with bore × stroke at 91.1 mm × 98.0 mm. The G54B had a cylinder head with additional jet valves to improve emissions (MCA-Jet system). The engine was fitted to various Mitsubishi models from 1978 to 1997 and to the American Chrysler K-cars and their derivatives between 1981 and 1987. It was primarily setup longitudinally for use in rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive platforms but also as a transverse engine in the front-wheel drive platform of the Mitsubishi Magna. Chrysler commonly marketed the engine "Hemi", whereas the Australian-made version was marketed as the "Astron II" and featured "Balance Shaft" technology, which subsequently licensed by Porsche and other automakers. The original engine featured a Milkuni two-barrel carburetor with a secondary vacuum actuator. Latter versions adopted EFI and Japan's first production EFI and turbo engine as fitted to the Mitsubishi Starion. Chrysler commonly paired this engine with its A470 3-speed automatic transmission; in Australia, Mitsubishi adapted it to a 5-speed manual transmission and its "ELC" (Electronic Control) 4-speed automatic transmission, featuring electronic overdrive. Chrysler eventually replaced the 4G54 with its own 2.5 L engine, whereas Mitsubishi replaced it with a 2.4 L engine codenamed 4G64.

Specifications:

ECI-Multi

Multi-Point Fuel Injection

  • 98 kW (131 hp) at 4,750 rpm (91 RON)
  • 102 kW (137 hp) at 4,750 rpm (95 RON)
  • 212 N·m (156 lb·ft) at 3,750 rpm (91 RON)
  • 220 N·m (160 lb·ft) at 4,000 rpm (95 RON)
  • Compression ratio: 9.2:1

Carburetor

Single two-Venturi downdraught carburetor. 85 kW (114 hp) at 5,000 rpm (91 RON), 198 N·m (146 lb·ft) at 3,000 rpm (91 RON). Compression ratio: 8.8:1

Applications:

4G55

The 4G55 displaces 2.3 L (2,346 cc).

4D55

Displacement - 2.3 L (2,346 cc)
Bore - 91.1 mm
Stroke - 90.0 mm
Fuel Type - Diesel
Valves per cylinder - 2[8][9][10]

Non-Turbo

  • Power - 55 kW (75 PS) at 4,200 rpm (JIS)[11]
48 kW (65 hp) at 4,200 rpm (SAE)
  • Torque - 147 N·m (108 lb·ft) at 2,500 rpm (JIS)
137 N·m (101 lb·ft) at 2,000 rpm (SAE)
  • Engine type - Inline four-cylinder SOHC
  • Compression ratio - 21:1 (384 P.S.I. )

Turbo (TC05 non-wastegated turbo)

  • Power - 60 kW (80 hp) at 4,000 rpm (SAE)
  • Torque - 169 N·m (125 lb·ft) at 2,000 rpm (SAE)
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder SOHC
  • Compression ratio - 21:1 (384 psi)[12]
  • Applications - 1980-1983

Turbo (TD04 wastegated turbo)

  • Power - 70 kW (95 PS) at 4,200 rpm (JIS)[11]
62 kW (84 PS) at 4,200 rpm (DIN)[11]
64 kW (86 hp) at 4,200 rpm (SAE)
  • Torque - 181 N·m (133 lb·ft) at 2,500 rpm (JIS)
175 N·m (129 lb·ft) at 2,500 rpm (DIN)
182 N·m (134 lb·ft) at 2,000 rpm (SAE)
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder SOHC
  • Compression ratio - 21:1 (384 psi)[8][9][10]

4D56

Displacement - 2.5 L (2,476 cc)
Bore - 91.1 mm
Stroke - 95.0 mm
Fuel type - Diesel

This engine is also built by Hyundai in South Korea, meaning it also sees use in some products made by their Kia subsidiary.

Non-Turbo

  • Power - 55 kW (74 hp) at 4,200 rpm
  • Torque - 142 N·m (105 lb·ft) at 2,500 rpm
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder SOHC
  • Fuel system - Distribution type jet pump
  • Compression ratio - 21:1

Non-intercooled Turbo

  • Power - 84 PS (62 kW) at 4,200 rpm[13]
  • Torque - 201 N·m (148 lb·ft) at 2,000 rpm
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder SOHC

Non-intercooled Turbo (TD04 Turbo)

  • Power - 90 hp (67 kW) at 4,200 rpm
  • Torque - 197 N·m (145 lb·ft) at 2,000 rpm
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder SOHC
  • Fuel system - Distribution type jet pump
  • Compression ratio - 21:1[14]

Intercooled Turbo (TD04 water-cooled Turbo)

  • Power - 78 kW (104 hp) at 4,300 rpm
  • Torque - 240 N·m (177 lb·ft) at 2,000 rpm
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder SOHC
  • Rocker arm - Roller Follower type[15]
  • Fuel system - Distribution type jet pump (indirect injection)
  • Combustion chamber - Swirl type
  • Bore x Stroke - 91.1 x 95mm
  • Compression ratio - 21:1
  • Lubrication System - Pressure feed, full flow filtration
  • Intercooler Type - Aluminium Air-to-Air, Top-mounted
  • Turbocharger - Mitsubishi TD04-09B

Also known as Hyundai D4BH[16]

Intercooled Turbo (1st Generation DI-D)

  • Power - 85 kW (114 hp) at 4,000 rpm
  • Torque - 247 N·m (182 lb·ft) at 2,000 rpm
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder
  • Fuel system - 1st Generation Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi)
  • Compression ratio - 17:1[14][17][18]

Intercooled Turbo (2nd Generation DI-D)

  • Power - 100 kW (134 hp) at 4,000 rpm
  • Torque - 320 N·m (236 lb·ft) at 2,000 rpm
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder
  • Fuel system - 2nd Generation Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi)
  • Compression ratio - 17:1[14][17][18][19]

Intercooled Turbo (3rd Generation DI-D with variable geometry turbo)

With manual transmission

  • Power - 131 kW (178 PS) at 4,000 rpm
  • Torque - 400 N·m (295 lb·ft) at 2,000 rpm
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder
  • Fuel system - 2nd Generation Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi)
  • Compression ratio - 16.5:1[20]

With automatic transmission

  • Power - 131 kW (178 PS) at 4,000 rpm
  • Torque - 350 N·m (258 lb·ft) at 1,800 rpm
  • Engine type - Inline 4-cylinder
  • Fuel system - 2nd Generation Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi)
  • Compression ratio - 16.5:1[20]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Pre-Owned Performance - Mitsubishi Starion", Michael Knowling, Autospeed, Issue 89, July 18, 2000
  2. ↑ "The Early Days of Turbo - Part Five", Michael Knowling, Autospeed, Issue 234, June 14, 2003
  3. ↑ "Development of a New Combustion System (MCA-JET) in Gasoline Engine", Hirokazu Nakamura, Tsuneo Ohinouye, Kenji Hori, Yuhiko Kiyota, Tatsuro Nakagami, Katsuo Akishino, Yutaka Tsukamoto, SAE International, February 1978
  4. ↑ "Engine Smoothness", Mark Wan, AutoZine Technical School, 1998–2000
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 1984 Mitsubishi Trucks Brochure
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 1985 Mitsubishi Trucks Brochure
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 1987 Ford Ranger Brochure
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ 1983 Mitsubishi Trucks Brochure
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ - Mitsubishi 4D56 Service Manual
  16. ↑ http://www.hyundaiengine.com/auto_diesel/06_d4bh.html
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 http://www.mitsubishi-cars.co.uk/l200/ , Mitsubishi L200 (UK website)
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