Mujaddid
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A mujaddid (Arabic: مجدد), is an Islamic term for one who brings "renewal" (تجديد tajdid) to the religion.[1][2] According to the popular Muslim tradition, it refers to a person who appears at the turn of every century of the Islamic calendar to revive Islam, cleansing it of extraneous elements and restoring it to its pristine purity.
The concept is based not on the Quran but on a famous hadith (Prophetic tradition) recorded by Abu Dawood: Abu Hurairah narrated that the Islamic prophet Muhammad said:
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Allah will raise for this community at the end of every hundred years the one who will renovate its religion for it.
Mujaddid tend to come from the most prominent Islamic scholars of the time, although they are sometimes pious rulers.[2]
Contents
- 1 List of claimants and potential Mujaddids
- 1.1 First Century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)
- 1.2 Second Century (August 10, 815)
- 1.3 Third Century (August 17, 912)
- 1.4 Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)
- 1.5 Fifth Century (September 1, 1106)
- 1.6 Sixth Century (September 9, 1203)
- 1.7 Seventh Century (September 5, 1300)
- 1.8 Eighth Century (September 23, 1397)
- 1.9 Ninth Century (October 1, 1494)
- 1.10 Tenth Century (October 19, 1591)
- 1.11 Eleventh Century (October 26, 1688)
- 1.12 Twelfth Century (November 4, 1785)
- 1.13 Thirteenth Century (November 14, 1882)
- 1.14 Fourteenth Century (November 21, 1979)
- 2 References
- 3 Further reading
- 4 External links
List of claimants and potential Mujaddids
While there is no formal mechanism for designating a mujaddid, there is often a popular consensus. The Shia and the Naqshbandi order have their own list of mujaddids.[2]
First Century (after the prophetic period) (August 3, 718)
- Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (682–720)[4][5]
Second Century (August 10, 815)
Third Century (August 17, 912)
- Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni (864–941)[7][8]
- Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (874–936)[6][9]
Fourth Century (August 24, 1009)
- Abu Bakr Al-Baqillani (950–1013)[5][10]
- Hakim al-Nishaburi (933–1012)[7]
- Ibn Hazm (994–1064)[8]
Fifth Century (September 1, 1106)
Sixth Century (September 9, 1203)
- Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1210)[15]
Seventh Century (September 5, 1300)
- Moinuddin Chishti (1165–1240)[8]
- Ibn Arabi (1165–1240)[8]
- Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328)[8]
Eighth Century (September 23, 1397)
- Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani (1372–1448)[16]
Ninth Century (October 1, 1494)
- Jalaludin Al-Suyuti (1445–1505)[4][17]
Tenth Century (October 19, 1591)
- Khayr al-Din al-Ramli (1585–1671)[4]
Eleventh Century (October 26, 1688)
- Ahmad Sirhindi (1564–1624)[9][18]
- Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad (1634–1720)[19]
- Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762)[20]
Twelfth Century (November 4, 1785)
- Murtaḍá al-Zabīdī (1732–1790)[17]
- Shah Abdul Aziz Delhwi (1745–1823)[21]
- Usman Dan Fodio (1754–1817)[22]
Thirteenth Century (November 14, 1882)
- Muhammad Abduh (1849–1905)[8]
- Said Nursî (1878–1960)[23]
Fourteenth Century (November 21, 1979)
- Ahmad Raza Khan (1856–1921)[24]
- Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835–1908)[23][25]
References
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Sunan Abu Dawood, 37:4278
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Josef W. Meri, Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, (Routledge 1 Dec 2005), p 678. ISBN 0415966906
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Jane I. Smith, Islam in America, p 36. ISBN 0231519990
- ↑ Dhahabi, Siyar, 4.566
- ↑ Willard Gurdon Oxtoby, Oxford University Press, 1996, p 421
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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Further reading
- Alvi, Sajida S. "The Mujaddid and Tajdīd Traditions in the Indian Subcontinent: An Historical Overview" ("Hindistan’da Mucaddid ve Tacdîd geleneği: Tarihî bir bakış"). Journal of Turkish Studies 18 (1994): 1–15.
- Friedmann, Yohanan. "Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi: An Outline of His Thought and a Study of His Image in the Eyes of Posterity". Oxford India Paperbacks
