Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4

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Lua error in Module:Infobox_gene at line 33: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4 (CHRM4), is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CHRM4 gene.[1][2]

Function

M4 muscarinic receptors are coupled to Gi/o heterotrimeric proteins.[3]

It function as inhibitory autoreceptors for acetylcholine. Activation of M4 receptors inhibits acetylcholine release in the striatum. The M2 subtype of acetylcholine receptor functions similarly as an inhibitory autoreceptor to acetylcholine release, albeit functioning actively primarily in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex.

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors possess a regulatory effect on dopaminergic neurotransmission. Activation of M4 receptors in the striatum inhibit D1-induced locomotor stimulation in mice. M4 receptor-deficient mice exhibit increased locomotor simulation in response to D1 agonists, amphetamine and cocaine.[4][5][6] Neurotransmission in the striatum influences extrapyramidal motor control, thus alterations in M4 activity may contribute to conditions such as Parkinson's Disease.[7][8][9]

Ligands

Orthosteric agonists

VU-0152100

Positive allosteric modulators

Antagonists

  • AFDX-384 (mixed M2/M4 antagonist, N-[2-[2-[(Dipropylamino)methyl]-1-piperidinyl]ethyl]-5,6-dihydro-6-oxo-11H-pyrido[2,3-b][1,4]benzodiazepine-11-carboxamide, CAS# 118290-27-0)
  • Dicycloverine[17]
  • Himbacine
  • Mamba toxin 3[18]
  • PD-102,807 (3,6a,11,14-Tetrahydro-9-methoxy-2-methyl-(12H)-isoquino[1,2-b]pyrrolo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, CAS# 23062-91-1)
  • PD-0298029
  • Tropicamide - moderate selectivity over other muscarinic subtypes (2-5x approx)[19]

See also

References

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  18. ↑ http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P81031
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Further reading

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This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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