Natural fertility
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Actual natural fertility is based on cohort parity: the fraction of women in a cohort who have reached a specific parity or number of children. Natural fertility refers to the absence of parity-specific family planning, meaning that couples are not regulating their fertility based on their current parity. Family planning, on the other hand, is when couples regulate their fertility (e.g. stop having children) after reaching a specific parity.[1]
Birth Control
The natural fertility method of birth control is a concept developed by the French historical demographer Louis Henry to refer to the level of fertility that would prevail in a population that makes no conscious effort to limit, regulate, or control fertility, so that fertility depends only on physiological factors affecting fecundity. In contrast, populations that practice fertility control will have lower than "natural fertility" levels as a result of delaying first births (a lengthened interval between menarche and first pregnancy), spacing out the intervals between births, or stopping child-bearing at a certain age. Such control does not assume the use of artificial means of fertility regulation or modern contraceptive methods but can result from the use of traditional means of contraception or pregnancy prevention (e.g., coitus interruptus), or from social norms or practices regarding celibacy, the age at marriage and the timing and frequency of sexual intercourse, including periods of prescribed sexual abstinence. Ansley Coale and other demographers have developed several methods for measuring the extent of such fertility control, in which the idea of a natural level of fertility is an essential component.
References
- Notes
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- Bibliography
- Coale, Ansley J. (1971). "Age Patterns of Marriage", Population Studies 25: 193-214.
- Coale, Ansley J., and James T. Trussell (1974). "Model fertility schedules: Variations in the age structure of childbearing in human populations", Population Index 40: 185–258.
- ——— (1975). "A new method of estimating standard fertility measures from incomplete data", Population Index 41: 182–210.
- ——— (1978). "Finding the two parameters that specify a model schedule of marital fertility rates", Population Index 44: 203–13.
- Henry, Louis (1961). "Some data on natural fertility", Eugenics Quarterly 8: 81–91.
- Watcher, Kenneth W. (2013). Essential Demographic Methods. Harvard University Press.
- Wilson, Chris, Jim Oeppen, and Mike Pardoe (1988). "What is natural fertility? The modeling of a concept", Population Index 54 (1): 4–20.
- Xie, Yu. (1990). "What is Natural Fertility? The Remodeling of a Concept", Population Index 56 (4): 656-663.
