Neutrophilia
| Neutrophilia | |
|---|---|
Neutrophils with a segmented nuclei surrounded by erythrocytes, the intra-cellular granules are visible in the cytoplasm (Giemsa stained)
|
|
| Classification and external resources | |
| Specialty | Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 446: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| DiseasesDB | 8995 |
| eMedicine | med/3209 |
| Patient UK | Neutrophilia |
Neutrophilia (also called neutrophil leukocytosis or occasionally neutrocytosis) is leukocytosis of neutrophils, that is, a high number of neutrophil granulocytes in the blood.[1]
Contents
Causes
Neutrophil are the primary white blood cells that respond to a bacterial infection, so the most common cause of neutrophilia is a bacterial infection, especially pyogenic infections.[2]
Neutrophils are also increased in any acute inflammation, so will be raised after a heart attack,[2] other infarct or burns.[2]
Some drugs, such as prednisone, have the same effect as cortisol and adrenaline (epinephrine), causing marginated neutrophils to enter the blood stream. Nervousness will very slightly raise the neutrophil count because of this effect.
A neutrophilia might also be the result of a malignancy. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML or chronic myeloid leukaemia) is a disease where the blood cells proliferate out of control. These cells may be neutrophils. Neutrophilia can also be caused by appendicitis and splenectomy.[3]
Primary neutrophilia can additionally be a result of Leukocyte adhesion deficiency.[4]
"Left shift"
A "left shift" refers to the presence of increased proportions of younger, less well differentiated neutrophils and neutrophil-precursor cells in the blood. This generally reflects early or premature release of myeloid cells from the bone marrow, the site where neutrophils are generated. A severe neutrophilia with left shift is referred to as a leukemoid reaction. The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score, which refers to the amount of alkaline phosphatase per neutrophil, will increase. In a severe infection, toxic granulation changes happen to the neutrophils.
This can resemble Pelger-Huet anomaly.[5][6]
See also
- Granulocytosis (often used as synonym)
- Neutropenia (having too few neutrophils)
- Absolute neutrophil count
References
- ↑ "neutrophilia" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Table 12-6 in: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. 8th edition.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ https://www.orpha.net/data/patho/GB/uk-LeucocyteAdhesionDeficiency.pdf
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
