19th United States Congress

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19th United States Congress
18th ← → 20th
USCapitol1827A.gif
United States Capitol (1827)

Duration: March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1827

Senate President: John C. Calhoun
Senate Pres. pro tem: John Gaillard
Nathaniel Macon
House Speaker: John W. Taylor
Members: 48 Senators
213 Representatives
3 Non-voting members
Senate Majority: Jackson Men
House Majority: Anti-Jackson

Sessions
Special: March 4, 1825 – March 9, 1825
1st: December 5, 1825 – May 22, 1826
2nd: December 4, 1826 – March 3, 1827

The Nineteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825 to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President John Quincy Adams. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.

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Major events

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Major legislation

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Treaties signed

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

Party
(Shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Anti-
Jacksonian

(A)
Jacksonian
(J)
Other
End of the previous congress (Adams & Clay factions)
16
(Jackson faction)
12
(Crawford faction)
20
48 0
Begin 20 25 0 45 3
End 23 48 0
Final voting share 47.9% 52.1% 0.0%
Beginning of the next congress 20 27 1 48 0

House of Representatives

Party
(Shading shows control)
Total Vacant
Anti-
Jacksonian

(A)
Jacksonian
(J)
Other
End of the previous congress (Adams & Clay factions)
87
(Jacksonian)
71
(Crawford faction)
55
213 0
Begin 108 105 0 213 0
End 110 103
Final voting share 51.6% 48.4% 0.0%
Beginning of the next congress 102 110 0 212 1

Leadership

President of the Senate
John C. Calhoun

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1826; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1828; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1830.

House of Representatives

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Changes in membership

This count reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

  • replacements: 7
  • deaths: 4
  • resignations: 6
  • interim appointments: 4
  • Total seats with changes: 13


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State
(class)
Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation
New Hampshire
(3)
Vacant Seat remained vacant Levi Woodbury (J) Installed March 16, 1825
Connecticut
(3)
Vacant Seat remained vacant Calvin Willey (A) Installed May 4, 1825
New York
(3)
Vacant Seat remained vacant Nathan Sanford (A) Installed January 14, 1826 after resigning as Chancellor of New York
Virginia
(1)
James Barbour (J) Resigned March 7, 1825 after being appointed US Secretary of War John Randolph (J) Appointed December 26, 1825
Mississippi
(1)
David Holmes (J) Resigned September 25, 1825 after being elected Governor of Mississippi Powhatan Ellis (J) Appointed September 28, 1825
Tennessee
(2)
Andrew Jackson (J) Resigned October 14, 1825 Hugh Lawson White (J) Installed October 28, 1825
Rhode Island
(1)
James De Wolf (A) Resigned October 31, 1825 Asher Robbins (A) Appointed October 31, 1825
Maryland
(3)
Edward Lloyd (J) Resigned January 14, 1826 after being elected to the Maryland State Senate Ezekiel F. Chambers (A) Elected January 24, 1826
Alabama
(3)
Henry H. Chambers (J) Died January 24, 1826 Israel Pickens (J) Appointed February 17, 1826
Mississippi
(1)
Powhatan Ellis (J) Successor elected January 28, 1826 Thomas B. Reed (J) Installed January 28, 1826
South Carolina
(3)
John Gaillard (J) Died February 26, 1826 William Harper (J) Appointed March 8, 1826
Delaware
(2)
Nicholas Van Dyke (A) Died May 21, 1826 Daniel Rodney (A) Appointed November 8, 1826
Massachusetts
(2)
James Lloyd (A) Resigned May 23, 1826 Nathaniel Silsbee (A) Installed May 31, 1826
New Jersey
(1)
Joseph McIlvaine (A) Died August 19, 1826 Ephraim Bateman(A) Installed November 10, 1826
Alabama
(3)
Israel Pickens (J) Successor elected November 27, 1826 John McKinley (J) Installed November 27, 1826
South Carolina
(3)
William Harper (J) Successor elected November 29, 1826 William Smith (J) Installed November 29, 1826
Delaware
(2)
Daniel Rodney (A) Resigned January 12, 1827 after successor was elected Henry M. Ridgely (A) Installed January 23, 1827

House of Representatives

  • replacements: 11
    • Anti-Jackson: 1 seat net gain
    • Jackson Men: 1 seat net loss
  • deaths: 5
  • resignations: 10
  • contested election: 1
  • Total seats with changes: 16


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District Vacator Reason for change Successor Date successor
seated
Pennsylvania
16th
James Allison, Jr. (J) Resigned some time in 1825 before the assembling of Congress Robert Orr, Jr. (J) Seated October 11, 1825
Kentucky
3rd
Henry Clay (A) Resigned March 6, 1825 after being appointed US Secretary of State James Clark (A) Seated August 1, 1825
South Carolina
1st
Joel R. Poinsett (J) Resigned March 7, 1825 after being appointed Minister to Mexico William Drayton (J) Seated May 17, 1825
New York
20th
Egbert Ten Eyck (J) Lost contested election December 15, 1825 Daniel Hugunin, Jr. (A) Seated December 15, 1825
Virginia
5th
John Randolph (J) Resigned December 26, 1825 after being appointed to the US Senate George W. Crump (J) Seated January 21, 1826
Maryland
2nd
Joseph Kent (A) Resigned January 6, 1826 after being elected Governor of Maryland John C. Weems (J) Seated February 1, 1826
Pennsylvania
18th
Patrick Farrelly (J) Died January 12, 1826 Thomas H. Sill (A) Seated March 14, 1826
Mississippi
At-large
Christopher Rankin (J) Died March 14, 1826 William Haile (J) Seated July 10, 1826
North Carolina
8th
Willie P. Mangum (J) Resigned March 18, 1826 Daniel L. Barringer (J) Seated December 4, 1826
Pennsylvania
13th
Alexander Thomson (J) Resigned May 1, 1826 Chauncey Forward (J) Seated December 4, 1826
Ohio
10th
David Jennings (A) Resigned May 25, 1826 Thomas Shannon (A) Seated December 4, 1826
Kentucky
5th
James Johnson (J) Died August 13, 1826 Robert L. McHatton (J) Seated December 7, 1826
Pennsylvania
7th
Henry Wilson (J) Died August 14, 1826 Jacob Krebs (J) Seated December 4, 1826
Kentucky
12th
Robert P. Henry (J) Died August 25, 1826 John F. Henry (A) Seated December 11, 1826
Maine
5th
Enoch Lincoln (A) Resigned before September 11, 1826 James W. Ripley (J) Seated September 11, 1826
Pennsylvania
2nd
Joseph Hemphill (J) Resigned before October 10, 1826 Thomas Kittera (A) Seated October 10, 1826

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives

References

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External links