Palatinate-Neuburg

Duchy of Palatinate-Neuburg
Herzogtum Pfalz-Neuburg
State of the Holy Roman Empire (until 1806)
1505–1808
Coat of arms
Neuburg Castle
Capital		Neuburg an der Donau
Languages		Austro-Bavarian
Religion		Calvinism
Government		Principality
Count Palatine
•	1505–59	Otto Henry
•	1653–90	Philip William
•	1742–99	Charles Theodore
Historical era		Middle Ages
•	Established	July 30, 1505
•	Ceded to Zweibrücken	1557
•	Sulzbach separated	1614
•	Merged with the Electorate of the Palatinate	1685
•	Disestablished	1808
Preceded by Succeeded by Bavaria-Landshut Electorate of the Palatinate

Palatinate-Neuburg (German: Herzogtum Pfalz-Neuburg) is a former territory of the Holy Roman Empire, founded in 1505 by a branch of the House of Wittelsbach. Its capital was Neuburg an der Donau. Its area was about 2,750 km², with a population of some 100,000.

History

Timeline of Palatinate-Neuburg

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1505 - Duchy was created

1557 - Ceded to another family

1608 - Joined the Protestant Union

1808 - Duchy was abolished

The Duchy of Pfalz-Neuburg was created in 1505 as the result of the Landshut War of Succession and existed until 1799 or 1808. After the so-called Kölner Spruch (Verdict of Cologne) the Duchy was created from the territories north of the Danube for Otto Henry and Philipp, the sons of Ruprecht of the Palatinate. While they were minors, their grandfather Philipp ruled the Duchy until his death in 1508, followed by Frederick II. In 1557 Otto Henry ceded his duchy (the so-called Young Palatinate) to Wolfgang of Pfalz-Zweibrücken. The eldest son of Wolfgang, Philipp Louis, founded in 1569 the elder line of Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Neuburg, from which the Palatinate-Sulzbach lineage was separated in 1614. Pfalz-Neuburg joined the Protestant Union in 1608. In 1800, the Duchy was invaded by the France and on June 26, 1800, the Habsburg, Württemberg and Bavarian armies fought a battle there. After fighting for most of a day, the Coalition armies withdrew. Neuburg was occupied by the French, and General Ney established his headquarters in the castle there.

The Duchy of Pfalz-Neuburg was abolished in 1808. In the partition of Bavaria in 1837 Pfalz-Neuburg was joined with Swabia but became a part of Upper Bavaria in the 1970s.

Dukes of Palatinate-Neuburg

• Two brothers, first under regency of Frederick II, Elector Palatine
  • Otto Henry, 1505–59 (Elector Palatine from 1556)
  • Philipp, 1505–41

House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Neuburg

• Wolfgang, 1559–69
• Philipp Ludwig, 1569–1614
• Wolfgang Wilhelm, 1614–53
• Philip William, 1653–90 (also Elector Palatine from 1685)
• Johann Wilhelm, 1690–1716 (Elector Palatine from 1690)
• Charles Philip, 1716–42 (Elector Palatine from 1716)

With the death of Elector Charles Philip in 1742 all his territories including the state of Palatinate-Neuburg passed to the Palatinate-Sulzbach line of the Wittelsbach dynasty. Charles Theodor of the Sulzbach line was a descendant of Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach, a brother of Wolfgang Wilhelm.

House of Palatinate-Sulzbach

• Charles Theodore, 1742–99 (Elector Palatine from 1742, Elector of Bavaria from 1777)

House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld

• Maximilian Joseph, 1799-1808, (Elector of Bavaria from 1799)

See also

• Palatinate