Paul de Kruif

Paul Henry de Kruif (born March 2, 1890 in Zeeland, Michigan, died February 28, 1971 in Holland, Michigan) was an American microbiologist and author of Dutch descent. Publishing as Paul de Kruif, he is most noted for his 1926 book, Microbe Hunters. This book was not only a bestseller for a lengthy period after publication, but has remained high on lists of recommended reading for science and has been an inspiration for many aspiring physicians and scientists.

Biography

Early life

He graduated from the University of Michigan with a Bachelor's degree (1912) and remained to obtain a Ph.D. (1916). He immediately entered service as a Private in Mexico on the Pancho Villa Expedition and afterwards served as a Lieutenant and a Captain in World War I in France. Because of his service in the Sanitary Corps, he had occasional contacts with leading French biologists of the period.

Career

After returning to the University of Michigan as an Assistant Professor, De Kruif briefly worked for the Rockefeller Institute (for Medical Research). He then became a full-time writer.

De Kruif assisted Sinclair Lewis with his Pulitzer Prize-winning novel Arrowsmith (1925) by providing the scientific and medical information required by the plot, along with character sketches. Even though Lewis was listed as the sole author, De Kruif's contribution was significant, and he received 25 percent of the royalties. Many believe the characters in the novel represent people known to De Kruif, with Martin Arrowsmith (a physician, unlike de Kruif) possibly representing himself.

Some of his writings created problems for him. Some essays written while working for the Rockefeller Institute led to his dismissal. Ronald Ross, one of the scientists featured in Microbe Hunters, took exception to how he was described, so the British edition deleted that chapter to avoid a libel suit.

De Kruif was a staff writer for the Ladies' Home Journal, Country Gentleman, and the Readers Digest, contributing articles on Science and Medicine. He also served on commissions to promote research into Infantile Paralysis.

The Sweeping Wind, his last book, is his autobiography.

Works

• Our Medicine Men (1922)
• Microbe Hunters (1926)
• Hunger Fighters (1928)
• Men Against Death (1932)
• Why Keep Them Alive (1937)
• Seven Iron Men (1937)
• The Fight for Life (1938)
• The Male Hormone (1945)
• Health is Wealth (1940)
• Life Among the Doctors (1949)
• Kaiser Wakes the Doctors (1940)
• A Man Against Insanity (1957)
• The Sweeping Wind (1962)

Influential Articles by Paul de Kruif

• "How We Can Help Feed Europe, in Reader's Digest, Sept. 1945 (p. 50-52). About the Meals for Millions Foundation and their Multi-Purpose Food.

Microbe Hunters

De Kruif's celebrated 1926 book Microbe Hunters consists of chapters on the following figures of medicine's "Heroic Age":

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723), Invention of a simple microscope and the discovery of microorganisms.
• Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799), Biogenesis.
• Robert Koch (1843-1910), Identification of pathogens.
• Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), Bacteria, Biogenesis.
• Emile Roux (1853-1933) and Emil von Behring (1854 -1917), Diphtheria.
• Elie Metchnikoff (1845-1916), Phagocytes.
• Theobald Smith (1859-1934), Animal vectors and ticks.
• David Bruce (1855-1931), Tsetse fly and Sleeping sickness.
• Ronald Ross (1857-1932) and Battista Grassi (1854-1925), Malaria.
• Walter Reed (1851-1902), Yellow fever.
• Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915), The magic-bullet concept, Syphilis, made into a film Dr. Ehrlich's Magic Bullet (1940) starring Edward G. Robinson.

Bibliography

• Summers, William C. "Microbe Hunters revisited", Internatl Microbiol (1998) 1: 65-68. online
• Verhave, Jan Peter, “Paul de Kruif: A Michigan Leader in Public Health,” Michigan Historical Review, 39 (Spring 2013), 41–69.