Pedro de Arbués
| St. Pedro de Arbués, C.R.S.A. | |
|---|---|
Depiction of Pedro de Arbués with the crown and palm of martyrdom.
|
|
| Religious, priest and martyr | |
| Born | ca. 1441 Kingdom of Aragon |
| Died | September 17, 1485 Zaragoza, Kingdom of Aragon |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church (Canons regular and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zaragoza) |
| Canonized | 1867, Rome, Papal States, by Pope Pius IX |
| Major shrine | Cathedral of the Savior, Zaragoza, Spain |
Pedro de Arbués, C.R.S.A. (c. 1441 – September 17, 1485), was an official of the Spanish Inquisition who was assassinated in the La Seo Cathedral of Zaragoza in 1485 in an alleged plot by conversos and Jews. He was very quickly venerated as a saint by popular acclaim, and his death greatly assisted the Inquisition and its Inquisitor General, Tomás de Torquemada, in their campaign against heresy and crypto-Judaism.
Arbués was canonized in 1867.
Life
Born in the region of Zaragoza, his father, a nobleman, was Antonio de Arbués, and his mother's name was Sancia Ruiz. He studied philosophy, probably at Huesca, but later went to Bologna on scholarship to the Spanish college of St. Clement, part of the University of Bologna. He obtained his doctorate in 1473, while serving as professor of moral philosophy. Returning to Spain he became a member of the cathedral chapter of canons regular at La Seo, where he made his religious profession in 1474. [1]
About that time Ferdinand and Isabella had obtained from Pope Sixtus IV a papal bull to establish in their kingdom a tribunal for searching out heretics. Jews who received baptism were known as Conversos; some may have continued to practice Judaism in secret. Torquemada, in 1483, was appointed Grand Inquisitor for Castile and appointed Arbués as Inquisitor Provincial in the Kingdom of Aragon (1484).[1]
The Tribunal of the Holy Office was received in the kingdom with opposition, not only from the converts, but from other sectors of the Aragonese population, who saw it as a threat to their freedoms.[2]
On September 14, 1485, Arbués was assassinated in the cathedral as he was praying, even though he was wearing a helmet and chain mail. This was the consequence of the bad reception that the Inquisition had received in Aragón, where it was seen as an attack by the Crown on the fueros, the local laws and privileges. It appears that some of the most powerful families among the converted Jews - such as the Sánchez, Montesa, Paternoy, and Santángel families - considered themselves favorite victims of the Inquisition, and were implicated in the assassination. Juan de la Abadia, whose father had been condemned, and his sister executed, was one of the assailants. An attempt to enter Arbues' bedchamber failed; but the design was accomplished while he was attending mass. Two days later he died from his wounds.[3]
As a consequence, there arose a popular movement against the Jews; "nine were finally executed in persona, in addition to two suicides, thirteen burnings at the stake, and four punished for complicity", according to the account of the historian, Jerónimo Zurita y Castro.
Veneration
Honored as a martyr, Arbués' remains were entombed in a special chapel dedicated to his memory. His canonization by Pope Pius IX in 1867 aroused protests not only from Jews, but from Christians.[3]
Arbués' canonization remains controversial. In 2001, Garry Wills, questioning Pius IX's motives, wrote: "In 1867, he canonized Peter Arbués, a 15th-century inquisitor famed for forcible conversion of Jews, and said in the canonization document, The divine wisdom has arranged that in these sad days, when Jews help the enemies of the church with their books and money, this decree of sanctity has been brought to fulfillment."[4]
Leonardo Sciascia in Morte dell'inquisitore (1967) writes that Arbués, along with Juan Lopez Cisneros (d. 1657), are "the only two cases of inquisitors who died assassinated".
See also
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Allaria, Anthony. "St. Peter of Arbues." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 2 May 2015
- ↑ "Arbués, Pedro de", Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa, October 21, 2009
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Arbues, Pedro", Jewish Encyclopedia
- ↑ Garry Wills, "The Popes Against the Jews: Before the Holocaust," New York Times, September 23, 2001. Retrieved from http://online.sfsu.edu/~rone/Religion/popesagainstjews.html.
References
- Simon Whitechapel, Flesh Inferno: Atrocities of Torquemada and the Spanish Inquisition (Creation Books, 2003). ISBN 1-84068-105-5
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.- Pedro Arbues in the public domain Jewish Encyclopedia, Funk and Wagnalls, 1901 - 1906.
External links
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- Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia
- 1440s births
- 1485 deaths
- Aragonese people
- University of Bologna alumni
- 15th-century Roman Catholic priests
- Spanish Roman Catholic priests
- Inquisitors
- Martyred Roman Catholic priests
- Burials at La Seo Cathedral
- Murderers
- Canonical Augustinian saints
- Spanish Roman Catholic saints
- 15th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
- 15th-century Spanish people
- 15th-century Christian saints
