Pha̍k-oa-chhi romanization

Pha̍k-oa-chhi (白話字) is a Latin alphabet based orthography for the Nanchang dialect of the Gan language. Pha̍k-oa-chhi is based on Pe̍h-ōe-jī for Min Nan, and it is also related to the orthographies of Pha̍k-fa-sṳ for Hakka, Bàng-uâ-cê for Min Dong and Pêh-uē-jī for Teochew.

Alphabet

Consonants

Pha̍k-oa-chhi	Examples	IPA
p	不丙八	[p]
ph	便坡平	[pʰ]
m	名卯免	[m]
f	夫火話	[ɸ]~[f]
t	丁典丹	[t]
th	天土大	[tʰ]
l	乃六男	[l]
ch	中主九	[ts]~[tɕ]
chh	七丈出	[tsʰ]~[tɕʰ]
s	細司西	[s]~[ɕ]
gn	年元女	[ɲ]~[nʲ]
k	各光交	[k]
kh	可口共	[kʰ]
ng	哀安恩	[ŋ]
h	下何合	[h]
∅ (null)	一也雲	∅

Vowels

Monophthongs

Pha̍k-oa-chhi	Example	IPA
a	下三人	[a]~[ɑ]
i	一丁世	[i]~[ɨ]
u	中公共	[u]
ṳ	主雲於	[y]
e	冊則然	[ɛ]
e̤	不政珍	[ə]
o	上何作	[ɔ]

Diphthongs

Pha̍k-oa-chhi	Example	IPA
ai	介代	[ai]
au	交保	[au]
ia	也且	[ia]
iu	久九	[iu]
ie	幹便	[iɛ]
ie	葉折	[iə]
io	享亮	[iɔ]
oa	凡刮	[ua]
oi	久九	[ui]
oe	國或	[uɛ]
oe	-	[uə]
uo	亡光	[uɔ]
ṳo	全元	[yɔ]

Tone

Tone	Example	Pha̍k-oa-chhi
陰平 Yin Ping	妻欺溪	chhi
陽平 Yang Ping	其器奇旗	chhí
上聲 Shang Sheng	啟氣豈起	chhî
陰去 Yin Qu	眵	chhī
陽去 Yang Qu	技	chhì
入聲 Ru Sheng	七極疾	chhi̍+p, t, k

External links

• http://starling.rinet.ru/cgi-bin/query.cgi?basename=\data\china\doc&root=config&morpho=0