Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play

Frédéric le Play
Born	Pierre Guillaume Frédéric le Play (1806-04-11)11 April 1806 La Rivière-Saint-Sauveur, France
Died	5 April 1882(1882-04-05) (aged 75) Paris, France
Institution	École Polytechnique, Écoles des mines
Field	Economics, political economy, sociology, epistemology, engineering
Influences	Joseph de Maistre, Louis de Bonald
Influenced	René de La Tour du Pin, Albert de Mun, Charles Maurras, Louis Dimier, Edmond Demolins, Frédéric Amouretti

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Pierre Guillaume Frédéric Le Play (French: [lə.plɛ]; 11 April 1806 – 5 April 1882) was a French engineer, sociologist and economist.

Life

The son of a custom-house official, Le Play was educated at the École Polytechnique and the École des Mines. In 1834, he was appointed chairman of the permanent committee of mining statistics. In 1840, he became engineer-in-chief and professor of metallurgy at the École des Mines, where he became inspector in 1848.

For nearly a quarter of a century Le Play travelled around Europe, collecting a vast amount of material bearing on the social and economic condition of the working classes. In 1855, he published Les Ouvriers Européens, a series of 36 monographs on the budgets of typical families selected from a wide range of industries. This work was crowned with the Montyon prize conferred by the Académie des Sciences. In 1856, Le Play founded the Société internationale des études pratiques d'économie sociale, which has devoted its energies principally to forwarding social studies on the lines laid down by its founder. The journal of the society, La Réforme Sociale, founded in 1881, is published fortnightly.

Napoleon III, who held him in high esteem, entrusted him with the organization of the Exhibition of 1855, and appointed him counsellor of state, commissioner general of the Exhibition of 1867, senator of the empire and Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur.

Initially an atheist, Le Play gradually became convinced of the need for religion. In 1864, he published an essay defending Christianity against Darwinism and Scepticism. He converted to Roman Catholicism in 1879, three years before his death. Blum (2004) included Le Play in his anthology of French counter-revolutionary thinkers.

Legacy

Le Play's work was further developed by his many disciples: Adolphe Focillon (1823-1890), Émile Cheysson (1836-1910), Alexis Delaire (1836-1915), Henri de Tourville (1842-1903), Claudio Jannet (1844-1894), Edmond Demolins (1852-1907) , Paul de Rousiers (1857-1934), Gabriel Olphe-Galliard (1870-1947), the Belgian Victor Brants (1854-1917) and the Canadian Léon Gérin.

After an eclipse between the 1940s and the 1960s Le Play's methods resurfaced when the "history of the family" became a new field of interest in social science. In Britain, Peter Laslett who worked within the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure used le Play's methods at the end of the 1960s to study family structures from census and property transmission data, describing particularly the nuclear family structure which Le Play had not worked on.

At about the same time in France, legal history academics working on customary law were the first to re-apply Le Play's methods in scientific research. In the early 1970s, a growing number of ethnologists and historians joined this trend, especially those within the historical anthropology school: André Burguière, Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie. In a 1989 book which became a reference in its field, ethnologist Georges Augustins reshaped Le Play's family types classification.

Some sociologists rediscovered Le Play's work as well from the late 1960s on, overcoming the general opinion that Le Play's views were just overly conservative, particularly Paul Lazarsfeld, Antoine Savoye and Bernard Kalaora.

Bust of Le Play, by L. Rousseau, 1879

At the end of the 1970s historian and demographer Emmanuel Todd, a disciple of both Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie and Peter Laslett, was struck by the geographical similarity between the area of prevalence of the communitarian family system (patriarcal family in Le Play's words) and the regions where communism had become dominant in the 20th century. He reprocessed Le Play's study of family structures and published a number of widely publicised books establishing a link between traditional family structures and the great ideological and society movements in European history (religious and political choices, economic development, ...).

Works

• (1864). La Réforme Sociale.
• (1871). L'Organisation de la Famille.
• (1875). La Constitution de l'Angleterre. (in collaboration with M. Delaire)

In English translation

• (1872). The Organization of Labor in Accordance With Custom and the Law of the Decalogue. Philadelphia: Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger.
• (1962). "Household Economy." In: Parsons, Talcott et al., editors, Theories of Society. The Free Press of Glencoe, Inc.
• (1982). Frederic Le Play on Family, Work, and Social Change. Silver, Catherine Bodard, editor and translator, University of Chicago Press.
• (2004). "Social Reform in France." In: Blum, Christopher Olaf, editor and translator, Critics of the Enlightenment. Wilmington DE: ISI Books, pp. 197–258.

References

Arnault, France (1984), "Frédéric Le Play, de la Métallurgie à la Science Sociale", Revue Française de Sociologie, XXV (3): 437–57, doi:10.2307/3321406.

Beaver, S. H. (1962), "The Le Play Society and Field Work", Geography, XLVII (3): 225–40, JSTOR 40565418.

Beum, Robert (1997), "Ultra-Royalism Revisited", Modern Age, XXXIX (3): 291–316.

Brooke, Michael Z. (1970), Le Play, Engineer and Social Scientist: The Life and Work of Frederic Le Play, Harlow: Longmans, ISBN 0582465192.

Compagnon, Antoine (2016), Les Antimodernes: De Joseph de Maistre à Roland Barthes, Paris: Gallimard.

Cardoni, Fabien; Savoye, Antoine (2007), Frédéric Le Play: Parcours, Audience, Héritage, Paris: École des Mines.

Dimier, Louis (1907), Les Maîtres de la Contre-révolution au XIXe Siècle, Paris: Librairie des Saint-Pères & Nouvelle Librairie Nationale.

Dion, Michel (1967), "Science Sociale et Religion chez Frédéric Le Play", Archives de Sociologie des Religions, XII (24): 83–104, JSTOR 30114581.

Farmer, Paul (1954), "The Social Theory of Frédéric Le Play", Teachers of History: Essays in Honor of Laurence Bradford Packard, Ithaca: Published for Amherst College by Cornell University Press, pp. 58–78.

Healy, Mary Edward (1947), "Le Play's Contribution to Sociology: His Method", The American Catholic Sociological Review, VIII (2): 97–110, doi:10.2307/3707549.

Herbertson, Dorothy (1920), "Le Play and Social Science", The Sociological Review, XII (2): 108–10, doi:10.1111/j.1467-954X.1920.tb02225.x.

Herbertson, Fanny Louisa Dorothea (1950), The Life of Frédéric Le Play, Ledbury, Herefordshire: Le Play House Press.

Higgs, Henry (1890), "Frédéric Le Play", The Quarterly Journal of Economics, IV (4): 408–33, JSTOR 1881745.

Kalaora, Bernard; Savoye, Antoine (1989), Les Inventeurs Oubliés. Le Play et Ses Continuateurs: Aux Origines des Sciences Sociales, Paris: Champ Vallon.

Mogey, J. M. (1955), "The Contribution of Frédéric Le Play to Family Research", Marriage and Family Living, XVII (4): 310–15, doi:10.2307/346940.

Nouvel, Maguelone (2009), Frédéric Le Play: Une Réforme Sociale sous le Second Empire, Paris: Economica, ISBN 9782717857498.

Pitt, Alan (1998), "Frédéric Le Play and the Family: Paternalism and Freedom in the French Debates of the 1870's", French History, XII (1): 67–89, doi:10.1093/fh/12.1.67.

Rousiers, Paul de (1894), "La Science Sociale", Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science, IV: 128–54, JSTOR 1008788.

Sorokin, Pitirim (1928), "Frédéric Le Play's School", Contemporary Sociological Theories, New York and London: Harper & Brothers, pp. 63–98.

Swinny, S. H. (1921), "The Sociological Schools of Comte and Le Play", The Sociological Review, XIII (2): 68–74, doi:10.1111/j.1467-954X.1921.tb01408.x.

Zimmerman, Carle Clark (1935), "Le Play Theories", Family and Society, New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, pp. 71–150.

Warner, A. G. (1886), "Le Play's Studies in Social Phemomena", The Popular Science Monthly, XXIX: 787–94.

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica%2FLe_Play%2C_Pierre_Guillaume_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric "Le Play, Pierre Guillaume Frédéric" ] . Encyclopædia Britannica. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 479.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

Further reading

• Béchaux, A. (1906). "Frédéric Le Play a l'Occasion de Son Centenaire". Revue des Deux Mondes. XXXII (4): 768–88.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Bouchié de Belle, Edmond (1907). Les Origines de la Science Sociale: Frédéric Le Play, sa Méthode et sa Doctrine. Paris: Bureaux de la Science Sociale.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Brejon de Lavergnée, Matthieu, ed. (2009). "Le Play et le Monde Catholique". Études Sociales (149/150).CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Delair, A. (1896). "F. Le Play et la Science Sociale". La Nouvelle Revue. XCVIII (2): 680–99.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Michel, Andrée (1963). "Les Cadres Sociaux de la Doctrine Morale de Frédéric Le Play". Cahiers Internationaux de Sociologie. XXXIV: 47–68. JSTOR 40689221.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Ribbe, Charles de (1906). La Play d'après sa Correspondance. Paris: Victor Lecoffre.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Sabéran, Shirine (2014). "Responsabilité Sociale chez Tocqueville et Le Play: Noblesse Oblige". Revue Économique. LXV (2): 317–36. JSTOR 42771819.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Savoye, Antoine (1998). "Frédéric Le Play à la Découverte de la Société Russe: L'Expédition en Russie Méridionale (1837)". Genèses (31): 119–37. JSTOR 26201750.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Valdour, Jacques (1929). Libéraux, Socialistes, Catholiques Sociaux: Étude Historique et Critique sur les Principales Méthodes de la Science Sociale au XIXe Siècle. Paris: Rousseau.

External links

• Works by Frédéric Le Play at Hathi Trust
• Reforming Vision: The Engineer Le Play Learns to Observe Society Sagely