Pinealoma
| Pinealoma | |
|---|---|
| File:Tumor Pineocytoma1.JPG
Pineocytoma
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| Classification and external resources | |
| Specialty | Oncology |
| ICD-10 | D44.5, C75.3 |
| ICD-9-CM | 237.1, 194.4 |
| ICD-O | M9360/1-9362/3 |
| DiseasesDB | 10044 |
| eMedicine | med/2911 |
| Patient UK | Pinealoma |
| MeSH | D010871 |
Pinealoma is a tumor of the pineal gland.
Presentation
The pineal gland produces the hormone melatonin which plays a role in regulating circadian rhythms. A pinealoma may disrupt production of this hormone, and insomnia may result.
Frequently, paralysis of upward gaze along with several ocular findings such as convergence retraction nystagmus and eyelid retraction also known as Collier's sign and Light Near Dissociation (pupil accommodates but doesn't react to light) are known collectively as Parinaud's syndrome [1] or Dorsal Mid-brain syndrome, are the only physical symptoms seen. This is caused by the compression of the vertical gaze center in the midbrain tectum at the level of the superior colliculus and cranial nerve III. Work-up usually includes Neuro-imaging as seen on the right.
A pinealoma may cause interruption of hypothalamic inhibiting pathways, sometimes leading to beta-hCG secretion and consequent Leydig's cell stimulation.
Other symptoms may include hydrocephalus, gait disturbances, and precocious puberty.
Etiology
Pinealomas can be due to proliferation of primary pineocytes (pineocytomas, pineoblastomas), astrocytes (astrocytoma), or germ cells (germinoma).[2] Germinomas are the most common tumor in the pineal gland.
Prognosis
Of the different types of pinealomas, the type with the most favorable prognosis is the pineocytoma.[3]
References
Additional images
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Tumor Pineocytoma2.JPG
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Tumor Pineocytoma3.JPG
