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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found.  In the social sciences, economics is the study of human choice behavior and the methodology used to make associated investment and production decisions; in particular, though not limited to, how those choices and decisions determine the allocation of scarce resources and their effect on production, distribution, and consumption. The word "economics" is from the Greek words οἶκος [oikos], meaning "family, household, estate", and νόμος [nomos], or "custom, law", and hence literally means "household management" or "management of the state". An economist is a person using economic concepts and data in the course of employment, or someone who has earned a university degree in the subject. Economics undergraduate courses always cover at least the two main branches:
However, there are also other sub-fields of economics. In economics, economic systems is the study and analysis of organizing production, distribution, consumption and investment and the study of optimal resource allocation and institutional design. Traditionally the study of economic systems was based on a dichotomy between market economies and planned economies, but contemporary studies compare and contrast a number of different variables, such as ownership structure (Public, Private or Collective), economic coordination (planning, markets or mixed), management structure (Hierarchy versus adhocracy), the incentive system, and the level of centralization in decision-making. An economy can be analyzed in terms of its economic sectors, the classic breakdown being into primary, secondary and tertiary. A business, also known as an enterprise or a firm, is an organization involved in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. Businesses are prevalent in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and provide goods and services to customers in exchange of other goods, services, or money. Businesses may also be not-for-profit or state-owned. Management in business and organizations is the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organization or initiative to accomplish a goal. Management is also an academic discipline, and is traditionally taught at business schools. Economic policy refers to the actions that governments take in the economic field. It covers the systems for setting interest rates and government budget as well as the labor market regulations, national ownership, trade policy, monetary policy, fiscal policy, regulatory policy, anti-trust policy and industrial policy. In economics, sustainable development refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found.  Sir Edgar Speyer, 1st Baronet (7 September 1862 – 16 February 1932) was an American-born financier and philanthropist. He became a British subject in 1892 and was chairman of Speyer Brothers, the British branch of the Speyer family's international finance house, and a partner in the German and American branches. He was chairman of the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL, forerunner of the London Underground) from 1906 to 1915, a period during which the company opened three underground railway lines, electrified a fourth and took over two more. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found.  The economy of Iran is a mixed and transition economy with a large public sector. Some 60% of the economy is centrally planned. It is dominated by oil and gas production, although over 40 industries are directly involved in the Tehran Stock Exchange, one of the best performing exchanges in the world over the past decade. With 10% of the world's proven oil reserves and 15% of its gas reserves, Iran is considered an "energy superpower". It is the world's eighteenth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP) and thirty-second by nominal gross domestic product. The country is a member of Next Eleven because of its high development potential. A unique feature of Iran's economy is the presence of large religious foundations called Bonyad, whose combined budgets represent more than 30% of central government spending. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found. "It is maintained by some that the bank is a means of executing the constitutional power "to coin money and regulate the value thereof." Congress have established a mint to coin money and passed laws to regulate the value thereof. The money so coined, with its value so regulated, and such foreign coins as Congress may adopt are the only currency known to the Constitution. But if they have other power to regulate the currency, it was conferred to be exercised by themselves, and not to be transferred to a corporation. If the bank be established for that purpose, with a charter unalterable without its consent, Congress have parted with their power for a term of years, during which the Constitution is a dead letter. It is neither necessary nor proper to transfer its legislative power to such a bank, and therefore unconstitutional. By its silence, considered in connection with the decision of the Supreme Court in the case of McCulloch against the State of Maryland, this act takes from the States the power to tax a portion of the banking business carried on within their limits, in subversion of one of the strongest barriers which secured them against Federal encroachments. Banking, like farming, manufacturing, or any other occupation or profession, is a business, the right to follow which is not originally derived from the laws. Every citizen and every company of citizens in all of our States possessed the right until the State legislatures deemed it good policy to prohibit private banking by law. If the prohibitory State laws were now repealed, every citizen would again possess the right. The State banks are a qualified restoration of the right which has been taken away by the laws against banking, guarded by such provisions and limitations as in the opinion of the State legislatures the public interest requires. These corporations, unless there be an exemption in their charter, are, like private bankers and banking companies, subject to State taxation. The manner in which these taxes shall be laid depends wholly on legislative discretion. It may be upon the bank, upon the stock, upon the profits, or in any other mode which the sovereign power shall will."
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found. Wikinews Economy and business portal
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| 11:31, 01 June, 2016 (UTC) | |||
| 4,948.06 |  |
% |
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| 2,096.96 |  2.10 |
0.10% |
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| 14,065.78 | |
% |
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| 45,459.45 | |
% |
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| 6,170.96 | 59.83 |
0.96% |
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| 10,171.27 | 91.47 |
0.89% |
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| 4,464.47 | 41.15 |
0.91% |
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| 8,177.97 | 38.45 |
0.47% |
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| 444.72 | 3.15 |
0.70% |
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| 3,492.55 | 21.51 |
0.61% |
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| 8,910.50 | 123.50 |
1.37% |
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| 5,395.17 | 52.63 |
0.97% |
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| 16,955.73 | 279.25 |
1.62% |
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| 20,760.98 | 54.11 |
0.26% |
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| 2,914.21 | 2.41 |
0.08% |
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Box-header/colours' not found. June 23:
- 1930 - Francis Newall, 2nd Baron Newall, which served as a soldier, staff officer, diplomat, politician, legislator, businessman, and representative of the Crown in a variety of capacities, was born on this day.
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- ...that Robert Solow, a Nobel Laureate American economist, was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1989 for "his creation of the modern framework for analyzing the effects of investment and technological progress on economic growth"?
- ... that David Ricardo formulated the principle of comparative advantage in his "On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation" book?
- ... that the Heckscher–Ohlin model was developed by Bertil Ohlin in 1933?
- ... that Paul Krugman introduced returns to scale to the field of international trade, now referred to as new trade theory?
- ... that the term lean manufacturing was coined in the book The Machine that Changed the World?
- ... that the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was not created by the will of Alfred Nobel?
- ... that the Federal Reserve System was created in the aftermath of the panic of 1907?
- ... that Manufacturing resource planning was developed at IBM?
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