Region connection calculus
The region connection calculus (RCC) is intended to serve for qualitative spatial representation and reasoning. RCC abstractly describes regions (in Euclidean space, or in a topological space) by their possible relations to each other. RCC8 consists of 8 basic relations that are possible between two regions:
- disconnected (DC)
- externally connected (EC)
- equal (EQ)
- partially overlapping (PO)
- tangential proper part (TPP)
- tangential proper part inverse (TPPi)
- non-tangential proper part (NTPP)
- non-tangential proper part inverse (NTPPi)
From these basic relations, combinations can be built. For example, proper part (PP) is the union of TPP and NTPP. File:RCC8.jpg
Composition table
The composition table of RCC8 are as follows:
| o | DC | EC | PO | TPP | NTPP | TPPi | NTPPi | EQ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DC | * | DC,EC,PO,TPP,NTPP | DC,EC,PO,TPP,NTPP | DC,EC,PO,TPP,NTPP | DC,EC,PO,TPP,NTPP | DC | DC | DC |
| EC | DC,EC,PO,TPPi,NTPPi | DC,EC,PO,TPP,TPPi,EQ | DC,EC,PO,TPP,NTPP | EC,PO,TPP,NTPP | PO,TPP,NTPP | DC,EC | DC | EC |
| PO | DC,EC,PO,TPPi,NTPPi | DC,EC,PO,TPPi,NTPPi | * | PO,TPP,NTPP | PO,TPP,NTPP | DC,EC,PO,TPPi,NTPPi | DC,EC,PO,TPPi,NTPPi | PO |
| TPP | DC | DC,EC | DC,EC,PO,TPP,NTPP | TPP,NTPP | NTPP | DC,EC,PO,TPP,TPPi,EQ | DC,EC,PO,TPPi,NTPPi | TPP |
| NTPP | DC | DC | DC,EC,PO,TPP,NTPP | NTPP | NTPP | DC,EC,PO,TPP,NTPP | * | NTPP |
| TPPi | DC,EC,PO,TPPi,NTPPi | EC,PO,TPPi,NTPPi | PO,TPPi,NTPPi | PO,TPP,TPPi,EQ | PO,TPP,NTPP | TPPi,NTPPi | NTPPi | TPPi |
| NTPPi | DC,EC,PO,TPPi,NTPPi | PO,TPPi,NTPPi | PO,TPPi,NTPPi | PO,TPPi,NTPPi | PO,TPP,NTPP,TPPi,NTPPi,EQ | NTPPi | NTPPi | NTPPi |
| EQ | DC | EC | PO | TPP | NTPP | TPPi | NTPPi | EQ |
- "*" denotes the universal relation.
Examples
The RCC8 calculus is intended for reasoning about spatial configurations. Consider the following example: two houses are connected via a road. Each house is located on an own property. The first house possibly touches the boundary of the property; the second one surely does not. What can we infer about the relation of the second property to the road?
The spatial configuration can be formalized in RCC8 as the following constraint network:
house1 DC house2
house1 {TPP, NTPP} property1
house1 {DC, EC} property2
house1 EC road
house2 { DC, EC } property1
house2 NTPP property2
house2 EC road
property1 { DC, EC } property2
road { DC, EC, TPP, TPPi, PO, EQ, NTPP, NTPPi } property1
road { DC, EC, TPP, TPPi, PO, EQ, NTPP, NTPPi } property2
Using the RCC8 composition table and the path-consistency algorithm, we can refine the network in the following way:
road { PO, EC } property1
road { PO, TPP } property2
That is, the road either overlaps with the second property, or is even (tangential) part of it.
Other versions of the region connection calculus include RCC5 (with only five basic relations - the distinction whether two regions touch each other are ignored) and RCC23 (which allows reasoning about convexity).
RCC8 use in GeoSPARQL
RCC8 has been partially implemented in GeoSPARQL as described below:
Flaws of RCC8
Although RCC8 is simple and nice, it has several unrepairable flaws (even assuming all regions in RCC8 are regular and closed).
References
- Randell, D. A., Cui, Z. and Cohn, A. G.: A spatial logic based on regions and connection, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Morgan Kaufmann, San Mateo, pp. 165–176, 1992.
- Anthony G. Cohn, Brandon Bennett, John Gooday, Micholas Mark Gotts: Qualitative Spatial Representation and Reasoning with the Region Connection Calculus. GeoInformatica, 1, 275–316, 1997.
- J. Renz: Qualitative Spatial Reasoning with Topological Information. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2293, Springer Verlag, 2002.
- T. Dong: A COMMENT ON RCC: FROM RCC TO RCC⁺⁺. Journal of Philosophical Logic, Vol 34, No. 2, pp. 319--352
