Rose garden

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For other uses, see Rose Garden (disambiguation).
Aramaki rose park, Hyogo prefecture, Japan

A rose garden or rosarium is a garden or park, often open to the public, used to present and grow various types of garden roses or rose species. Designs vary tremendously and roses may be displayed alongside other plants or grouped by individual variety, colour or class in rose beds.

Emilia in the rosegarden, Anjou, ~1460

Origins of the rose garden

Although roses have been selected and grown in China for over 1,000 years,[1] the forerunner of the rose garden as we know it today was planted by empress Joséphine de Beauharnais at Malmaison, France in the years between 1799-1814.[2] Joséphine imported both leading gardening talent and scores of roses, financing many plant collecting trips. At her death in 1814, the garden included more than 250 varieties of rose. It is said that her plant hunters also introduced some 200 other plants to France, among them the dahlia.[3]

Jules Gravereaux in Roseraie de L'Haÿ, 1900

One of the oldest still existing public rose gardens is Jules Gravereaux's Roseraie de L'Haÿ south of Paris in L'Haÿ-les-Roses, which was laid out in 1899 and remains the biggest rose garden in France.

Public rose gardens

Ruston's Roses in South Australia

Public rose gardens are a feature of many towns and cities. Since 1995, the World Federation of Rose Societies (WFRS) grants the Award of Garden Excellence. So far, 42 gardens have been selected.[4] Notable gardens around the world include:

Argentina

  • Rosedal de Palermo in the Parc 3 de Febrero in Buenos Aires was created in 1912 and restored from 1994 to 2008.[5] It was granted the Award of Garden Excellence in 2012.[4]

Australia

1905 Dickie bandstand in Nieuwesteeg Heritage Rose Garden, Bacchus Marsch, Victoria
  • Ruston's Roses in Renmark, South Australia houses the National Rose Collection of Australia (since 2005) and displays more than 4,000 modern and old garden varieties. The garden, which started life as a commercial fruit orchard, began supplying the cut-flower trade and by the mid 1970s it focused entirely on supplying roses as both cut flowers and garden plants.[6][7]
  • Alister Clark Memorial Rose Garden, a rose garden in Bulla, Victoria, home town of the rosarian Alister Clark, containing all his surviving cultivars.
  • Morwell Centenary Rose Garden in Morwell, Victoria, with over 4000 rose plants on an area of 4 acres (1.6 ha) and a focus on rose breeders from Australia and New Zealand, both historical and modern.[8] The WFRS granted the Award of Garden Excellence in 2009.[4]
  • Victoria State Rose Garden in Werribee, Victoria, with extravagant garden design, were most rose beds are part of bigger features such as The Tudor Rose or The David Austin Bud.[9] It was granted the Award of Garden Excellence in 2003.[4]
  • Nieuwesteeg Heritage Rose Garden in Bacchus Marsh, Victoria.
International rose garden of Kortrijk, Belgium

Belgium

  • Coloma Castle, six miles (10 km) south of Brussels has more than 60,000 rose plants of some 3,000 different varieties. These include a complete collection of Belgian-raised roses and an area devoted to historic roses. The largest rose garden features varieties grouped by country and by breeder.[10]
  • The Garden of Roses at Hex Castle at Kasteel Hex, containing an exceptional assortment of about 250 varieties in a restored formal Renaissance garden originally laid out in 1770.[11] It was the first rose garden in Belgium to be granted the WFRS's Award of Garden Excellence in 1998.[4]
  • The International rose garden of Kortrijk in Kortrijk, West Flanders, on the grounds of Castle t Hooghe was redesigned in 2003/2004 after 45 years of existence. The garden has three sections: a garden presenting commercially available modern rose cultivars from around the world, a collection of historic and wild roses and an international trials garden.[12] In 2012, it was granted the WFRS's Award of Garden Excellence.[4]
  • The Rose Garden at Vrijbroek Park in Mechelen consists of three rose gardens in a landscape park designed in the 19th century. The oldest is a formal rose garden, followed by a rose garden showcasing the history of the rose opened in 1994, and a garden presenting the wild roses of Belgium.[13] In 2003, it was granted the Award of Garden Excellence by the World Federation of Rose Societies.[4]

Canada

University of British Columbia Rose Garden
  • The Rose Garden at the Montreal Botanical Garden has a collection of 10,000 roses in a modern rose garden with winding beds. It has an older section with modern varieties, needing a lot of winter protection to survive the Canadian climate, and a newer section with species, historic roses and hardy modern roses.[14] It was granted the WFRS's Award of Garden Excellence in 2003.[4]
  • Royal Botanical Gardens, Ontario has a Centennial Rose Garden in its Hamilton complex. Laid out in 1967, it features Floribunda and Hybrid Tea roses, as well as collections of old varieties.[15]
  • The University of British Columbia, Vancouver has a Rose Garden with Ocean and Mountain background views.

China

  • Shenzhen Renmin Park in Shenzhen, Guangdong, in Southern China is a rose garden created in 2002. The garden hosts some 10 000 rose plants in a very humid climate. Most notable in the collection are the 23 ancient Chinese roses and the miniature roses grafted on species roses.[16] The garden was granted the WFRS's Award of Garden Excellence in 2009.[4]
  • Zijing Park in Changzhou contains about 25 000 plants in over 1200 varieties and was distinguished with the WFRS's Award of Garden Excellence in 2012.[4][17]

Denmark

  • Gerlev Rosenpark near Frederikssund includes a large collection of historic roses and a complete inventory of roses bred by Poulsen, displayed according to the year they were introduced.[18]

France

Parc de Bagatelle in Paris
  • Roseraie du Val-de-Marne, L'Haÿ-les-Roses, is in the southern suburbs of Paris and was laid out in 1899 for the businessman Jules Gravereaux. By 1914 the gardens had become so famous that the commune of L'Haÿ was renamed L'Haÿ-les-Roses. Like Malmaison, the garden was built with the intention of displaying every rose in the world, and in the early years of the 20th century it contained 7,000 rose cultivars. Today it has around 2,000 species and 3,000 cultivars.[1] It was the first garden to be granted the WFRS's Award of Garden Excellence in 1995.[4]
  • Parc de Bagatelle, in Paris was the brainchild of Commissioner of Gardens for Paris Jean-Claude Forestier, who created a classic rosegarden in strict geometric style between 1905 and 1907. Today, the park contains more than 9,000 modern roses of over 1,000 varieties in two rose gardens - the classic rose garden and a landscape rosegarden (roseraie de paysage). The first international competition for roses was organised here in 1907 and has been held annually ever since.[15][19] It was granted the WFRS's Award of Garden Excellence in 2007.[4]
  • Parc de la Tête d'Or in Lyon was opened in 1964 in the city where modern rose hybridisation began. It contains four rose gardens, as well as trial grounds for new French varieties.[15] It was granted the WFRS's Award of Garden Excellence in 2006.[4]

Germany

Rosengarten Rose Garden in Bad Kissingen
  • Europa-Rosarium in Sangerhausen, Germany was founded by the German Rose Society in 1898, opening to the public five years later. The foundation of the huge rose collection was species roses collected by the amateur rosarian Albert Hoffmann. The gardens acquired few new varieties from 1950-1990, but its collection of earlier classes - Polyanthas, Hybrid Perpetuals, Noisette hybrids and ramblers - is encyclopedic. Some 2,000 cultivars are said to be unique to the garden.[20] It was granted the WFRS's Award of Garden Excellence in 2003.[4]
  • Rosarium Uetersen in Uetersen, Germany was established in 1929, with assistance from Mathias Tantau and Wilhelm Kordes. It contains over 1,000 rose varieties.
  • Rosenneuheitengarten Beutig in Baden-Baden was created between 1979 an 1981 and is the venue of the Baden-Baden Rose Trials. It contains about 5000 plants in a demonstration garden and a trial garden were more than 400 roses are tested for four years.[21] It was granted the WFRS's Award of Garden Excellence in 2003.[4]
  • Westfalenpark in Dortmund was developed in 1969 as the West German National Rosarium and contains around 50,000 roses within a contemporary design. It has themed rose gardens, including a romantic and a medieval garden, and glasshouses containing tender roses.[15][22]

India

There are various rose gardens in India. These gardens have thousands of varieties & sub-varieties of roses and are open to the public.

  • Government Rose Garden (formerly Centenary Rose Garden) in Udugamandalam (Ooty) in the state of Tamil Nadu has a collection of 2800 cultivars. It was granted the WFRS's Award of Garden Excellence in 2006.[4]
  • Zakir Hussain Rose Garden of Chandigarh (combined capital of Punjab & Haryana states).
  • National Rose Garden, Chanakyapuri, Delhi.

Italy

  • Fineschi Garden, in the Cavriglia municipality of Tuscany was created by a rose-loving surgeon over a 40-year period and now extends over more than eight acres. It has sections devoted to different varieties, including Gallica and Hybrid Perpetual roses and also to the work of different breeders. These include important collections from less well-known rose growing nations, such as Argentina, Poland and Portugal. The garden is open for a limited period during the summer.[23][24]

Netherlands

  • Westbroekpark is a public park in The Hague, and the large rose garden and trial grounds for testing new varieties was created in 1961. More than 20,000 rose plants are set out in large beds and the focus is on new varieties.[15][25]
  • Rosarium Oudwijk (Wilhelminapark) is a public park in Utrecht, and the large rose garden was created in 1913.

Poland

Switzerland

  • Parc de la Grange in Geneva is a terraced formal setting where a huge variety of roses are combined with statuary, pools and fountains. During the summer months the garden is floodlit after dark to show off the roses.[26]
Queen Mary Gardens in Regent's Park, London

UK

US

Tyler is called the "Rose Capital of America" for its rose-growing industry, large municipal rose garden and annual Texas Rose Festival

Further reading

The World Federation of Rose Societies[39] produces an annual directory drawn up by national rose societies in each of its 39 member countries. This includes a catalogue of rose gardens considered nationally significant.[40]

Gallery

See also

Garden Roses

Bibliography

  • Jardins de roses, André Gayraud, éditions du Chêne, ISBN 2-84277-041-2
  • Roseraies et jardins de roses, H. Fuchs in Le Bon jardinier, encyclopédie horticole, tome 1, La Maison rustique, Paris, 1964, ISBN 2-7066-0044-6.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Charles & Brigid Quest-Ritson, "The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Roses", Dorling Kindersley 2003, p. 8
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Stirling Macaboy (editor, Tommy Cairns), "The Ultimate Rose Book", Abrams New York, 2007 p. 467
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Charles & Brigid Quest-Ritson, "The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Roses", Dorling Kindersley 2003, p. 100
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Dr. D. G. Hessayon, The Rose Expert, Expert Books 2004, p. 126
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Charles & Brigid Quest-Ritson, "The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Roses", Dorling Kindersley 2003, p. 166
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Charles & Brigid Quest-Ritson, "The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Roses", Dorling Kindersley 2003, p. 354
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Charles & Brigid Quest-Ritson, "The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Roses", Dorling Kindersley 2003, p. 419
  23. ↑ http://www.worldrose.org/awards/gardens/fineschi.asp
  24. ↑ Charles & Brigid Quest-Ritson, "The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Roses", Dorling Kindersley 2003, p. 149
  25. ↑ nl:Westbroekpark
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-mottisfont/w-mottisfont-history.htm
  28. ↑ http://rnrs.netcom.co.uk
  29. ↑ http://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/regents_park/flora_fauna.cfm
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Stirling Macaboy (editor, Tommy Cairns), "The Ultimate Rose Book", Abrams New York, 2007 p. 466
  32. ↑ Nicknames of Portland, Oregon
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  39. ↑ http://www.worldrose.org/
  40. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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