Rubus allegheniensis
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| Allegheny blackberry 1913 illustration[1] |
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R. allegheniensis
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| Rubus allegheniensis |
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Synonymy
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Rubus allegheniensis is a species of bramble, known as Allegheny blackberry[5] and simply as common blackberry.[6] Like other blackberries, it is a species of flowering plant in the rose family. It is very common in eastern and central North America. It is also naturalized in a few locations in California and British Columbia.[7][8]
Description
Characteristics can be highly variable.[6] It is an erect bramble, typically 5 feet (150 cm) but occasionally rarely over 8 feet (240 cm) high, with single shrubs approaching 8 feet or more in breadth, although it usually forms dense thickets of many plants. Leaves are alternate, compound, ovoid, and have toothed edges.[6][9]
Thorny canes, with white, 5-petal, ¾ inch (19 mm) flowers in late spring and glossy, deep-violet to black, aggregate fruit in late summer.[6] Shade intolerant.[10]
Distribution and habitat
The presence of Rubus allegheniensis influences the dynamics of the understory vegetation of many forests in the eastern United States. An abundance of Rubus allegheniensis encourages new tree seedlings. Where the effects of herbivorous animals (such as deer) reduce the abundance of Allegheny blackberry, a competitor, Dennstaedtia punctilobula (hay-scented fern), takes over. Where Dennstaedtia punctilobula becomes common, the growth of tree seedlings is restricted.[11]
Concentrations of Rubus allegheniensis increase greatly after events that destroy taller shrubs and trees and thus permit more light into the understory, such as fires or widespread blowdown.[10][12] These populations often decline in later years as the tree seedlings sheltered by the blackberry canes grow and reduce the amount of light reaching the lower levels.[10]
References
- ↑ Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. 3 vols. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Vol. 2: 280. - http://plants.usda.gov/java/largeImage?imageID=rual_001_avd.tif
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Tropicos, Rubus allegheniensis Porter
- ↑ The Plant List, Rubus allegheniensis Porter
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
- ↑ Flora of North America, Rubus allegheniensis Porter, 1896. Allegheny or common blackberry, sow-teat berry, ronce des Alléghanys
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Peterson, Chris J., and Steward T.A. Pickett. "Forest reorganization: a case study in an old-growth forest catastrophic blowdown." Ecology. 76 (1995): 763+. Retrieved 14 Oct. 2012.
- ↑ "Wildlife Management." The Princeton Guide to Ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. Retrieved 14 October 2012.
- ↑ "Vegetation of Hooper Branch Nature Preserve, Iroquois County, Illinois." Northeastern Naturalist. 17 (2): pp 261-272. 2010
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