Sao Shwe Thaik

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Saopha of Yawnghwe
Sao Shwe Thaik
စဝ်ရွှေသိုက်

Agga Maha Thray Sithu
Agga Maha Thiri Thudhamma
File:Sao Shwe Thaik and Hubert Elvin Rance.jpg
Speaker of the Chamber of Nationalities
In office
1952–1960
1st President of Burma
In office
4 January 1948 – 12 March 1952
Preceded by George VI (as King-Emperor)
Succeeded by Ba U
Saopha of Yawnghwe
In office
September 1927 – 2 March 1962
Preceded by Sir Sao Maung
Succeeded by None (abolished)
Personal details
Born 1894[1]
Yawnghwe, Shan States, British India
Died 21 November 1962 (1962-11-22) (aged 68)
Rangoon, Burma
Political party AFPFL
Spouse(s) Sao Nang Hearn Kham
Mya Win
Nyunt May
Children Hso Khan Pha
Parents Sir Sao Maung
Alma mater Shan Chiefs School, Taunggyi
Religion Theravada Buddhism

Sao Shwe Thaik (Burmese: စဝ်ရွှေသိုက်, Burmese pronunciation: [saʔ ʃwè θaiʔ]; 1894 – 21 November 1962) was the first president of the Union of Burma and the last Saopha of Yawnghwe. His full royal style was Kambawsarahta Thiri Pawaramahawuntha Thudamaraza. He was a well-respected Shan political figure in Burma. His residence in Nyaung Shwe (Yawnghwe), the Haw, is now the "Buddha museum" and is open to the public.

Early life

Shwe Thaik was educated at the Shan Chiefs School in Taunggyi. He then entered the British military service during World War I, and also served in the Northeast Frontier Service from 1920–1923. In September 1927, he was chosen as successor to his uncle as saopha of Yawnghwe by the Federated Shan States' Council of Ministers.[1] He again served in the military service from 1939 to 1942. He was married five times; his best-known wife was the first, Sao Nang Hearn Hkam, sister of the Saopha of North Hsenwi Sao Hom Hpa.[2] He had a total of three children.

President

Shwe Thaik became the president of the Union of Burma on 4 January 1948 at its independence, served as the head of state until 12 March 1952. The following is his first presidential address to the nation on the day of independence, 4 January 1948.[3]

Let us rejoice at the independence which has come to us today, the result of sacrifices undergone by us and those who preceded us in the years that have passed. Let us rejoice also that the independence has come not as a result of armed conflict but as the fruit of friendly negotiations with that great nation whose political bonds we replace by mutual consent to-day with the stronger bonds of friendship and goodwill.
Today is for us not only a day of freedom but also a day of reunion. For a long time, the principal races of Burma, the Kachins and the Chins have tended to look upon themselves as separate national units. Of late, a nobler vision, the vision of a Union of Burma, has moved our hearts, and we stand united to-day as one nation determined to work in unity and concord for the advancement of Burma’s interests and for the speedy attainment of her due position as one of the great nations of the world. It is unity which has brought our struggle for independence to this early fruition and may unity continue to be the watchword for every member of the Sovereign Independent Republic to be henceforth known as the Union of Burma.

Excerpt from "the White Umbrella" by Patricia Elliot (Pg. 206–207) On 4 January 1949, a mass rally was held outside City Hall to mark the first anniversary of Independence Day. As head of state, (he) addressed the crowd. To his credit, he didn't serve up the previous year's menu of brave words and high purpose. Instead he issued a warning.

Co-operation and understanding cannot come about so long as the element of violence or threat of violence exists, for violence has no counterpart in freedom, and liberty ends where violence begins. The progressive retreat of democracy in the world today is mainly due to the worship by nations of the cult of physical force. The deterioration in this direction has been such that the much-vaunted democracies are nowadays hardly distinguishable from totalitarian states. He made a direct stab at his own country's (deteriorating political situation with insurgencies and armed conflicts).

Speaker of the Chamber of Nationalities

After this term as president, he was the speaker of the Chamber of Nationalities, the upper house, from 1950 to 1962.[4] In the military coup of March 1962 he was arrested by the Union Revolutionary Council headed by General Ne Win and died in prison in November 1962. One of his sons, 17 at that time, was killed in the March 1962 military coup, apparently the only casualty on the day of the coup.[1]

References

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  2. Hsenwi (Shan Princely State)
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  • The Union of Burma: A Study of the First Years of Independence By Hugh Tickner. New York: Oxford University Press, 1957. xiv, 424. Maps, Bibliography at page 24

External links

Political offices
Preceded by
Hurbert Rance
(Governor of Burma)
President of Burma
1948–1952
Succeeded by
Ba U