Sella turcica
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| Sella turcica | |
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| File:Sella turcica08.png
Human skull seen from side (parietal bones and temporal bones have been removed). Sella turcica shown in red.
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Sella turcica and pituitary gland.
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| Details | |
| Latin | Sella turcica |
| Identifiers | |
| Dorlands /Elsevier |
s_07/12728179 |
| TA | Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 744: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| TH | {{#property:P1694}} |
| TE | {{#property:P1693}} |
| FMA | {{#property:P1402}} |
| Anatomical terms of bone
[[[d:Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 863: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|edit on Wikidata]]]
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The sella turcica (Turkish Chair) is a saddle-shaped depression in the body of the sphenoid bone of the human skull and of the skulls of other Hominidae including chimpanzees, orangutans, and gorillas. It serves as a cephalometric landmark.
Contents
Structure
The seat of the saddle, the deepest part of the sella turcica known as the hypophysial fossa is located in a depression in the body of the sphenoid bone and this holds the pituitary gland (hypophysis). The sella turcica is located in the sphenoid bone behind the chiasmatic groove and the tuberculum sellae. It belongs to the middle cranial fossa.[1] In front of the hypophyseal fossa is the tuberculum sellae.
Completing the formation of the saddle posteriorly is the dorsum sellae, which is continuous with the clivus, inferoposteriorly. The dorsum sellae is terminated laterally by the posterior clinoid processes.
Development
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Function
The sella turcica forms a bony seat for the pituitary gland.
Clinical significance
Empty sella syndrome is the condition of a shrunken or flattened pituitary gland.
Since the sella turcica forms a bony caudal border for the pituitary gland, a pituitary tumor usually extends upward in the rostral direction into the suprasellar region. This can result in compression of the optic chiasm, which lies on top of the pituitary, enveloping the pituitary stalk. Compression of the optic chiasm can lead to bitemporal hemianopsia, and, when there is no relevant trauma, this clinical finding is pathognomonic for a pituitary tumor.
Some pituitary adenomas can extend inferiorly, growing downward and invading the sphenoid bone and cavernous sinus.[2] Adenomas greater than 10mm (macroadenomas) can cause remodeling of the underlying sphenoid bone altering the shape of the sella turcica.[citation needed]
Sella turcica is also usually used as a reference point with nasion to establish the base of the skull in cephalometric analysis. This is commonly done prior to orthodontic treatment.[3]
Etymology
Sella turcica is from the Latin words sella, meaning seat, and turcica, meaning Turkish.
See also
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Additional images
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Sella turcica - animation03.gif
Human skull seen from side (parietal bones and temporal bones have been removed). Sella turcica shown in red.
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Hypophysial fossa01.png
Hypophysial fossa shown in red.
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Sella turcica - animation02.gif
Sphenoid bone seen from above. Sella turcica shown in red.
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Base of skull 8.jpg
Base of skull - Sella turcica, tuberculum sellae and hypophyseal fossa
References
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- ↑ Knosp E, Steiner E, Kitz K, et al. Pituitary adenomas with invasion of the cavernous sinus space: a magnetic resonance imaging classification compared with surgical findings. Neurosurgery. 1993 Oct;33(4):610-7; discussion 617-8. PMID 8232800
- ↑ Proffit, William R.. Contemporary Orthodontics, 4th Edition. C.V. Mosby, 122006. 6.5.2.1). vbk:978-0-323-04046-4#outline(6.5.2.1)
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External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sella turcica. |
