Shapsug Adyghe dialect

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Shapsug Adyghe dialect
Native to Republic of Adygea, Turkey, Israel Kfar Kama, Jordan
Northwest Caucasian
Language codes
ISO 639-3 –
Glottolog shap1240[1]

The Shapsug dialect (Adyghe: Шапсыгъабзэ; Kabardian: Шапсыгъэбзэ) is a dialect of Adyghe.[2] The Shapsug dialect is spoken by the Shapsugs, who make up the largest Circassian population in the diaspora outside Republic of Adygea. The Shapsug dialect is best known as the dialect with palatalized velar stops. The Shapsug dialect is very similar to the Natukhai dialect and together, they make the Black Sea coast dialects of Adyghe. The Shapsug dialect is consisted of two main sub dialects: Great Shapsug (North Shapsug) and Small Shapsug (South Shapsug).

Subdialects

File:AdygheBlackSeaCoastDialects.jpg
The black sea coast Adyghe dialects family tree.
  • The Black Sea coast dialects
    • Natukhai dialect (Adyghe: Нэтӏхъуаджэбзэ)
    • Shapsug dialect (Adyghe: Шапсыгъабзэ)
      • North Shapsugs, Great Shapsugs, Kuban Shapsugs dialect (Шапсыгъэ шху).
      • Temirgoy-Shapsugs, Pseuşko accent (Кӏэмгуе-шапсыгъ)
      • South Shapsugs, Small Shapsugs, Coastal Shapsugs Black Sea Shapsugs (Шапсыгъэ-цӏыкӏу) dialect.
    • Hakuchi dialect (ХьакӀуцубзэ, Къaрaцхaибзэ)

Phonology

Labial Alveolar Post-alveolar Alveolo-
palatal		 Retroflex Velar Uvular Pharyngeal Glottal
plain lab. lat. plain lab. plain lab. pal. plain lab. plain lab.
Plosive voiceless p t kʷ kʲ q qʷ ʔ ʔʷ
voiced b d ɡʷ ɡʲ
ejective pʼ tʼ tʷʼ kʷʼ kʲʼ
Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ʃʷ
voiced d͡z d͡ʒ
ejective t͡sʼ t͡ʃʼ
Fricative voiceless f s ɬ ʃ ʃʷ ɕ ʂ x χ χʷ ħ
voiced z ʒ ʒʷ ʑ ʐ ɣ ʁ ʁʷ
ejective sʼ ɬʼ ʃʼ ʃʷʼ
Nasal m n
Approximant l j w
Trill r

Palatalized velar stops

In the Shapsug and Natukhai dialects there is a palatalized voiced velar stop [ɡʲ] ⟨гь⟩, a palatalized voiceless velar stop [kʲ] ⟨кь⟩ and a palatalized velar ejective [kʲʼ] ⟨кӏь⟩ that were merged with дж [d͡ʒ], ч [t͡ʃ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in most Adyghe dialects.[3][4][5][6] Note that the Shapsug dialect also has ч [t͡ʃ], дж [d͡ʒ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in words like чэмы "cow", джэмышх "spoon" and кӏалэ "boy".

  • Shapsug гь [ɡʲ] became дж [d͡ʒ] in other dialects:
Meaning Shapsug Standard Adyghe Kabardian
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
shirt гьанэ ɡʲaːna джанэ dʒaːna джанэ dʒaːna
pants гъошэгь ʁʷaʃaɡʲ гъончэдж ʁʷant͡ʃad͡ʒ гъуэншэдж ʁʷanʃad͡ʒ
now гьы ɡʲə джы dʒə джы dʒə
fur coat гьэдыгу ɡʲadəɡʷ джэдыгу dʒadəɡʷ джэдыгу dʒadəɡʷ
to study
to read		 егьэн jaɡʲan еджэн jadʒan еджэн jadʒan
game гьэгу ɡʲagʷ джэгу d͡ʒagʷ джэгу d͡ʒagʷ
bitter дыгьы dəɡʲə дыджы dəd͡ʒə дыдж dəd͡ʒ
sick сымагьэ səmaːɡʲa сымаджэ səmaːd͡ʒa сымаджэ səmaːd͡ʒa
bold шъхьэгьашъо ʂħaɡʲaːʃʷa шъхьэджашъо ʂħad͡ʒaːʃʷa
evil бзагьэ bzaːɡʲa бзаджэ bzaːd͡ʒa бзаджэ bzaːd͡ʒa
valley къолагьэ qʷalaːɡʲa къоладжэ qʷalaːd͡ʒa къуэладжэ qʷalaːd͡ʒa
that's it гьары ɡʲaːrə джары d͡ʒaːrə джары d͡ʒaːrə
noon щэгьагъо ɕaɡʲaːʁʷa щэджагъо ɕad͡ʒaːʁʷa шэджагъуэ ʃad͡ʒaːʁʷa
infidel гьаур ɡʲaːwər джаур d͡ʒaːwər джаур d͡ʒaːwər
to stand up тэгьын taɡʲən тэджын tad͡ʒən тэджын tad͡ʒən
dance угь wəɡʲ удж wəd͡ʒ удж wəd͡ʒ
  • Shapsug кь [kʲ] became ч [t͡ʃ] in other dialects:
Meaning Shapsug Standard Adyghe Kabardian
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
sword кьатэ kʲaːta чатэ t͡ʃaːta
throat кьый kʲəj чый t͡ʃəj чий t͡ʃəj
chicken кьэт kʲat чэты t͡ʃatə джэд d͡ʒad
chick кьэтжъые kʲatʐəja чэтыжъые t͡ʃatəʐəja джэджьей d͡ʒadʑej
cat кьэтыу kʲatəw чэтыу t͡ʃatəw джэдыу d͡ʒadəw
glass апкь ʔaːpkʲ апч ʔaːpt͡ʃ абдж ʔaːbd͡ʒ
brushwood кьы kʲə чы t͡ʃə чы t͡ʃə
shop тукьан təkʲaːn тучан tət͡ʃaːn тучан tət͡ʃaːn
goatling кьэцӏы kʲat͡sʼə чэцӏы t͡ʃat͡sʼə
gate кьэупчъ kʲawəpt͡ɕ чэупчъ t͡ʃawəpt͡ʂ чоубжэ t͡ʃawbdʒa
cheerful кьэфы kʲafə чэфы t͡ʃafə джэху d͡ʒaxʷ
hovel кьыл kʲəl чыл t͡ʃəɮ чыл t͡ʃəɮ
humming top кьынэ kʲəna чынэ t͡ʃəna чын t͡ʃən
spleen кьэ kʲa чэ t͡ʃa чэ t͡ʃa
to spin гъэкьэрэзын ʁakʲarazən гъэчэрэзын ʁat͡ʃrazən гъэджэрэзын ʁad͡ʒarazən
  • Shapsug кӏь [kʲʼ] became кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in other dialects:
Meaning Shapsug Standard Adyghe Kabardian
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
tail кӏьэ kʲʼa кӏэ t͡ʃʼa кӏэ t͡ʃʼa
egg кӏьакӏьэ kʲʼaːkʲʼa кӏэнкӏэ t͡ʃʼant͡ʃʼa кӏэнкӏэ t͡ʃʼant͡ʃʼa
skirt кӏьэпхын kʲʼapxən кӏэпхын t͡ʃʼapxən кӏэпхын t͡ʃʼapxən
Temirgoy кӏьэмгуе kʲʼamɡʷəja кӏэмгуе t͡ʃʼamɡʷəja кӏэмгуе t͡ʃʼamɡʷəja
smithy кӏьыщ kʲʼəɕ кӏыщ t͡ʃʼəɕ кӏыщ t͡ʃʼəɕ
ceiling кӏьашъо kʲʼaːʃʷa кӏашъо t͡ʃʼaːʃʷa кӏафэ t͡ʃʼaːfa
rope кӏьапсэ kʲʼaːpsa кӏапсэ t͡ʃʼaːpsa кӏапсэ t͡ʃʼaːpsa
gun кӏьэрахъо kʲʼaraːχʷa кӏэрахъо t͡ʃʼaraːχʷa кӏэрахъуэ t͡ʃʼaraːχʷa
long кӏьэхьы kʲʼaħə кӏыхьэ t͡ʃʼəħa кӏыхь t͡ʃʼəħ
short кӏьако kʲʼaːkʷa кӏако t͡ʃʼaːkʷa
to kill укӏьын wkʲʼən укӏын wt͡ʃʼən укӏын wt͡ʃʼən
to move away ӏукӏьын ʔʷəkʲʼən ӏукӏын ʔʷət͡ʃʼən ӏукӏын ʔʷət͡ʃʼən
key ӏукӏьыбзэ ʔʷəkʲʼəbza ӏункӏыбзэ ʔʷənt͡ʃʼəbza ӏункӏыбз ʔʷənt͡ʃʼəbz
day after tomorrow нэущымыщкӏь nawɕəməʃkʲʼ неущымыкӏ najwɕəmət͡ʃʼ
to wink енэкӏьэон janakʲʼawan енэкӏэон janat͡ʃʼawan енэкӏэуэн janat͡ʃʼawan
beard жакӏьэ ʒaːkʲʼa жакӏэ ʒaːt͡ʃʼa жьакӏэ ʑaːt͡ʃʼa
poor тхьэмыщкӏь tħaməɕkʲʼ тхьамыкӏ tħaːmət͡ʃʼ тхьэмыщкӏэ tħaməɕt͡ʃʼa
to be ashamed укӏьытэн wəkʲʼətan укӏытэн wət͡ʃʼətan укӏытэн wət͡ʃʼətan

Retroflex affricates

The retroflex affricate consonants чъ [ʈʂ] and чӏ [ʈʂʼ] (that exist in Chemguy and Bzhedug dialects) merged with the palato-alveolar affricate consonants ч [t͡ʃ] and кӏ [t͡ʃʼ] in the Shapsug and Natukhai dialects.[7]

  • Chemguy чъ [ʈʂ] became ч [t͡ʃ] in Shapsug :
Meaning Shapsug Standard Adyghe Kabardian
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
tree чыг t͡ʃəɣ чъыгы ʈʂəɣə жыг ʒəɣ
to sleep чыен t͡ʃəjan чъыен ʈʂəjan жыен ʒəjan
cold чыӏэ t͡ʃəʔa чъыӏэ ʈʂəʔa щӏыӏэ ɕʼəʔa
to run чэн t͡ʃan чъэн ʈʂan жэн ʒan
to run down ечэхын jat͡ʃaxən ечъэхын jaʈʂaxən ежэхын jaʒaxən
goat ачэ aːt͡ʃa ачъэ aːʈʂa ажэ aːʒa
number пчагъэ pt͡ʃaːʁa пчъагъэ pʈʂaːʁa бжагъэ bʒaːʁa
door пчэ pt͡ʃa пчъэ pʈʂa бжэ bʒa
door handle пчэпсы pt͡ʃapsə пчъэпсы pʈʂapsə бжэпсы bʒapsə
Meaning Shapsug Standard Adyghe Kabardian
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
stands under кӏэт t͡ʃʼat чӏэт ʈʂʼat щӏэт ɕʼat
sits under кӏэс t͡ʃʼas чӏэс ʈʂʼas щӏэс ɕʼas
lies under кӏэлъ t͡ʃʼaɬ чӏэлъ ʈʂʼaɬ щӏэлъ ɕʼaɬ
area кӏыпӏэ t͡ʃʼəpʼa чӏыпӏэ ʈʂʼəpʼa щӏыпӏэ ɕʼəpʼa
debt кӏыфэ t͡ʃʼəfa чӏыфэ ʈʂʼəfa щӏыхуэ ɕʼəxʷa
earth кӏыгу t͡ʃʼəɡʷ чӏыгу ʈʂʼəɡʷ щӏыгу ɕʼəɡʷ
bottom кӏэ t͡ʃʼa чӏэ ʈʂʼa щӏэ ɕʼa
strong, force кӏуакӏэ kʷʼaːt͡ʃʼa кӏуачӏэ kʷʼaːʈʂʼa кӏуащӏэ kʷʼaːɕʼa
iron гъукӏы ʁʷət͡ʃʼə гъучӏы ʁʷəʈʂʼə гъущӏы ʁʷəɕʼə
daw къуакӏэ qʷaːt͡ʃʼa къуанчӏэ qʷaːnʈʂʼa къуанщӏэ qʷaːnɕʼa
bumblebee кӏыбжь t͡ʃʼəbʑ чӏыбжь ʈʂʼəbʑ щӏыбжь ɕʼəbʑ
badger кӏыкъо t͡ʃʼəqʷa чӏыкъу ʈʂʼəqʷ щӏыкъу ɕʼəqʷ
dark кӏапсӏэ t͡ʃʼaːpsʼa чӏапцӏэ ʈʂʼaːpt͡sʼa щӏапцӏэ ɕʼaːpt͡sʼa
to ask упкӏэн wəpt͡ʃʼan упчӏэн wəpʈʂʼan упщӏэн wəpɕʼan
gem, jewel мыкӏы mət͡ʃʼə мычӏы məʈʂʼə мыщӏы məɕʼə
clew хъукӏанэ χʷət͡ʃʼaːna хъучӏанэ χʷəʈʂʼaːna хъущӏанэ χʷəɕʼaːna
to bury кӏэтӏэн t͡ʃʼatʼan чӏэтӏэн ʈʂʼatʼan щӏэтӏэн ɕʼatʼan

Dropped consonants

In the Shapsug dialect in some cases the consonants н [n], м [m] and р [r] are dropped and are not pronounced.[8]

Meaning Shapsug Standard Adyghe Kabardian
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
calm сабыр saːbər самбыр saːmbər самбыр saːmbər
Saturday шэбэт ʃabat шэмбэт ʃambat щэбэт ɕabat
finger ӏэпхъабэ ʔapχaːba ӏэхъуамбэ ʔaχʷaːmba ӏэпхъуамбэ ʔapχʷaːmba
toe лъэпхъабэ ɬapχaːba лъэхъуамбэ ɬaχʷaːmba лъэпхъуамбэ ɬapχʷaːmba
wide шъуабгъо ʃʷaːbʁʷa шъуамбгъо ʃʷaːmbʁʷa фабгъуэ faːbʁʷa
peel шъуапӏэ ʃʷaːpʼa шъуампӏэ ʃʷaːmpʼa фампӏэ faːmpʼa
board пхъэбгъу pχabʁʷ пхъэмбгъу pχambʁʷ пхъэбгъу pχabʁʷ
worm хьэблыу ħabləw хьамлыу ħaːmɮəw хьэмбылыу ħambəɮəw
Meaning Shapsug Standard Adyghe Kabardian
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
egg кӏьакӏьэ kʲʼaːkʲʼa кӏэнкӏэ t͡ʃant͡ʃa кӏэнкӏэ t͡ʃant͡ʃa
sweat пкӏатӏэ pt͡ʃʼaːtʼa пкӏантӏэ pt͡ʃʼaːntʼa пщӏантӏэ pɕʼaːntʼa
flue pipe оджэкъ wad͡ʒaq онджэкъ wand͡ʒaq
rice пыдж pəd͡ʒ пынжь pənd͡ʒ
pillow шъхьатэ ʂħaːta шъхьантэ ʂħaːnta щхьэнтэ ɕħanta
thin пӏакӏэ pʼaːt͡ʃʼa пӏуанкӏэ pʷʼaːnt͡ʃʼa пӏащӏэ pʼaːɕʼa
pants гъошэгь ʁʷaʃaɡʲ гъончэдж ʁʷant͡ʃad͡ʒ гъуэншэдж ʁʷanʃad͡ʒ
fast псыкӏэ psət͡ʃʼa псынкӏэ psənt͡ʃʼa псынщӏэ psənɕʼa
shovel хьацэ ħaːt͡sa хьанцэ ħaːnt͡sa хьэнцэ ħant͡sa
blue шхъуатӏэ ʃχʷaːtʼa шхъуантӏэ ʃχʷaːntʼa шхъуантӏэ ʃχʷaːntʼa
key ӏукӏьыбзэ ʔʷəkʲʼəbza ӏункӏыбзэ ʔʷənt͡ʃəbza ӏункӏыбзэ ʔʷənt͡ʃəbza
vein лъытфэ ɬətfa лъынтфэ ɬəntfa лъынтхуэ ɬəntxʷa
heavy отэгъу wataʁʷ онтэгъу wantaʁʷ уэндэгъу wandaʁʷ
knee лъэгуаджэ ɬaɡʷaːd͡ʒa лъэгуанджэ ɬaɡʷaːnd͡ʒa лъэгуажьэ ɬaɡʷaːʑa
butterfly хьэтӏрэпӏый ħatˈrapˈəj хьэнтӏэрэпӏый ħantˈarapˈəj хьэндырабгъуэ ħandəraːbʁʷa
noise жъот ʒʷat жъонт ʒʷant
peanuts чӏыдэ t͡ʃʼəda чӏындэ t͡ʃʼənda щӏыдэ ɕʼəda
chair пхъэтӏэкӏу pχatʼakʷʼ пхъэнтӏэкӏу pχantʼakʷʼ
Meaning Shapsug Standard Adyghe Kabardian
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
corn натыф naːtəf натрыф naːtrəf нартыху naːrtəxʷ
Nart нат naːt нарт naːrt naːt нарт
gender фыкъо fəqʷa фыркъо fərqʷa хукхъуэ xʷərqχʷa
Jewish джут d͡ʒəwt джурт d͡ʒəwrt журт dʒəwrt
to crush пӏытӏын pʼətʼən пӏыртӏын pʼərtʼən

Aspirated consonants

In the Shapsug dialect (Like the Bzhedug dialect) there exist a series of aspirated consonants (/pʰ/ /tʰ/ /ʃʰ/ /t͡sʰ/ /t͡ʃʰ/ /t͡ʂʰ/ /t͡ɕʰʷ/ /kʲʰ/ /kʰʷ/ /qʰ/ /qʰʷ/) that became plain consonants in other dialects:[9][10]

  • Shapsug пʰ [pʰ] ↔ п [p] in other dialects :
Word Adyghe Kabardian
Shapsug Temirgoy and Abzakh
IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic
sharp pʰaːpsʼa пʰапсӏэ paːpt͡sʼa папцӏэ paːpsʼa paːpt͡sʼa
arrogant Audio file "пагэ.ogg" not found пʰагэ paːɣa пагэ paːɣa пагэ
nose Audio file "пэ.ogg" not found пʰэ pa пэ pa пэ
  • Shapsug тʰ [tʰ] ↔ т [t] in other dialects :
Word Adyghe Kabardian
Shapsug Temirgoy and Abzakh
IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic
respect Audio file "пхъатэ.ogg" not found пхъатʰэ pχaːta пхъатэ - -
to give jatʰən етʰын jatən етын jatən етын
to take ʃtʰan штʰэн ʃtan штэн ɕtan щтэн
on tʰajt тʰет tajt тет tat тет
smooth t͡sʼaːʂʷtʰa цӏашъутʰэ t͡sʼaːʃʷta цӏашъутэ t͡sʼaːfta цӏафтэ
to afraid ɕtʰan щтʰэн ɕtan щтэн ɕtan щтэн
pillow Audio file "шъхьантэ.ogg" not found шъхьантʰэ ʂħaːnta шъхьантэ ɕħaːta щхьатэ
  • Shapsug цʰ [t͡sʰ] ↔ ц [t͡s] in other dialects :
Word Adyghe Kabardian
Shapsug Temirgoy and Abzakh
IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic
wool Audio file "цы.ogg" not found цʰы t͡sə цы t͡sə цы
eyelash nabzət͡sʰ нэбзыцʰ nabzət͡s нэбзыц - -
  • Shapsug шʰ [ʃʰ] ↔ щ [ɕ] in other Adyghe dialects :
Word Adyghe Kabardian
Shapsug Temirgoy and Abzakh
IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic
milk Audio file "щэ.ogg" not found шʰэ ɕa щэ ʃa шэ
lame Audio file "лъащэ.ogg" not found лъашʰэ ɬaːɕa лъащэ ɬaːʃa лъашэ
salt Audio file "щыгъу.ogg" not found шʰыгъу ɕəʁʷ щыгъу ʃəʁʷ шыгъу
cloud pʃʰa пшʰэ pɕa пщэ pʃa пшэ
pus Audio file "щыны.ogg" not found шʰыны ɕənə щыны ʃən шын
accordion Audio file "пщынэ.ogg" not found пшʰынэ pɕəna пщынэ pʃəna пшынэ
fat Audio file "пщэры.ogg" not found пшʰэры pɕarə пщэры pʃar пшэр
wax Audio file "шэфы.ogg" not found шʰэфы ʃafə шэфы ʃaxʷə шэху
horse ʃʰə шʰы ʃə шы ʃə шы
sand Audio file "Пщахъо.ogg" not found пшʰахъо pʃaːχʷa пшахъо pʃaːχʷa пшахъуэ
story Audio file "Пщысэ.ogg" not found пшʰысэ pʃəsa пшысэ pʃəsa пшысэ
Word Adyghe Kabardian
Shapsug Temirgoy and Abzakh
IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic
spleen kʲʰa кьʰэ t͡ʃa чэ t͡ʃa чэ
brushwood
twig		 kʲʰə кьʰы t͡ʃə чы t͡ʃə чы
to cough pskʲʰan пскьʰэн pst͡ʃan псчэн pst͡ʃan псчэн
  • Shapsug кʰу [kʰʷ] ↔ ку [kʷ] in other dialects :
Word Adyghe Kabardian
Shapsug Temirgoy and Abzakh
IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic
middle Audio file "ку.ogg" not found кʰу kʷə ку kʷə ку
thigh Audio file "ко.ogg" not found кʰо kʷa ко kʷa куэ
  • Shapsug къʰ [qʰ] ↔ къ [q] in other Adyghe dialects :
Word Adyghe Kabardian
Shapsug Kfar Kama Natukhai Temirgoy and Abzakh
IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic
grave Audio file "къэ.ogg" not found къʰэ χa хъэ q͡χa кхъэ qa къэ q͡χa кхъэ
  • Shapsug къуʰ [qʰʷ] ↔ къу [qʷ] in other Adyghe dialects :
Word Adyghe Kabardian
Shapsug Kfar Kama Natukhai Temirgoy and Abzakh
IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic
pig Audio file "къо.ogg" not found къʰо χʷa хъо q͡χʷa кхъо qʷa къо q͡χʷa кхъуэ
cheese qʰʷaːja къʰуае χʷaːja хъуае q͡χʷaːja кхъуае qʷaːja къуае q͡χʷaj кхъуей
ship qʰʷaħ къʰохь qʷaħ къохь - - qʷəħa къухьэ q͡χʷəħ кхъухь
peer qʰʷəʐə къʰужъы qʷəʐə къужъы - - qʷəʐə къужъы q͡χʷəʑə кхъужьы
Word Adyghe Kabardian
Shapsug Temirgoy
IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic
jungle/bushy area t͡ɕʰʷənə чъʰуны t͡sʷənə цуны fən фын

Others

In the Shapsug and Natukhai dialects (e.g. the Kfar Kama dialect) there exist an alveolar ejective fricative [sʼ] ⟨сӏ⟩ that correspond to [t͡sʼ] ⟨цӏ⟩ in other dialects such as Abzakh, Bzhedug, Temirgoy, and Kabardian.[11] Note that the Shapsug dialect also has an Alveolar ejective affricate [t͡sʼ] ⟨цӏ⟩ in words like цӏыфы "person", цӏапӏэ "mean", 'кӏоцӏы "inside" and цӏашъутэ "slip".

  • Shapsug сӏ [sʼ] ↔ цӏ [t͡sʼ] in other dialects:
Meaning Shapsug Standard Adyghe Kabardian
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
name сӏэ sʼa цӏэ t͡sʼa цӏэ t͡sʼa
lie псӏы psʼə пцӏы pt͡sʼə пцӏы pt͡sʼə
black шӏусӏэ ʃʷʼəsʼa шӏуцӏэ ʃʷʼət͡sʼa фӏыцӏэ fʼət͡sʼa
to yell сӏэсӏэн sʼasʼan цӏэцӏэн t͡sʼat͡sʼan цӏэцӏэн t͡sʼat͡sʼan
naked псӏанэ psʼaːna пцӏанэ pt͡sʼaːna пцӏанэ pt͡sʼaːna
wet сӏынэ sʼəna цӏынэ t͡sʼəna цӏынэ t͡sʼəna
sharp папсӏэ paːpsʼa папцӏэ paːpt͡sʼa папцӏэ paːpt͡sʼa
to lay eggs кӏьэсӏын kʲʼəsʼən кӏэцӏын t͡ʃʼət͡sʼən кӏэцӏын t͡ʃʼət͡sʼən

In the Shapsug and Natukhai dialects (like Bzhedug and Abzakh) there exist a labialized voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate [t͡ɕʷ] ⟨чъу⟩ that correspond to [t͡sʷ] ⟨цу⟩ in standard Adyghe Temirgoy.

Meaning Shapsug Standard Adyghe Kabardian
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
shoe чъуакъэ t͡ɕʷaːqa цуакъэ t͡sʷaːqa вакъэ vaːqa
to stop учъун wət͡ɕʷʷn уцун wət͡sʷən увын wəvən
ox чъу t͡ɕʷə цу t͡sʷə вы və

Grammar differences

Instrumental case

In the instrumental case the noun has the suffix -мгьэ (-mɡʲa) or -гьэ (-gʲa) unlike other dialects that has the suffix -мкӏэ (-mt͡ʃa) or -кӏэ (-t͡ʃa).

  • Shapsug: Кӏалэр Адыгэбзэгьэ мэгущаӏэ ↔ Standard: Кӏалэр Адыгэбзэкӏэ мэгущаӏэ - "The boy speaks (using) Adyghe language".
  • Shapsug: Къэлэмымгьэ сэтхэ ↔ Standard: Къэлэмымкӏэ сэтхэ - "I write (using) with the pencil".

Future tense

In the Great Shapsug sub dialect (like Bzhedug) the future tense suffix is ~эт (~at) and in some cases ~ыт (~ət) unlike the Small Shapsug sub dialect that has (like Chemirguy) the Suffix ~щт (~ɕt)).

Word Adyghe Standart Kabardian
Small Shapsug Great Shapsug
IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic
I will go səkʷʼaɕt сыкӏощт səkʷʼat сыкIот səkʷʼanəwɕ сыкӏуэнущ
you will go wəkʷʼaɕt укӏощт wəkʷʼat укIот wəkʷʼanəwɕ укӏуэнущ
he will go maʷʼaɕt мэкӏощт makʷʼat мэкIот kʷʼanəwɕ кӏуэнущ
we will go təkʷʼaɕt тыкӏощт təkʷʼat тыкIот dəkʷʼanəwɕ дыкӏуэнущ
you (plural) will go ʃʷəkʷaɕt шъукӏощт ʃʷəkʷʼat шъукӏот fəkʷʼanəwɕ фыкӏуэнущ
they will go makʷaɕtəx мэкӏощтых makʷʼatəx мэкӏотых jaːkʷʼanəwɕ якӏуэнущ

Big suffix -фэ

  • The standard Adyghe's suffix -шхо /-ʃxʷa/ which means big or mighty is -фo /-fˠa/ in the Shapsug dialect :
Meaning Shapsug Chemirguy
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
mighty God тхьэфo tħafˠa тхьэшхо tħaʃxʷa
large house унэфo wənafˠa унэшхо wənaʃxʷa

Diminution of degree (~кӏьай)

The Shapsug dialect uses the suffix -кӏьай (-kʲʼaːj) to indicate a diminution of degree ("kind of") while in other dialects it is ~кӏай (~t͡ʃʼaːj).

Meaning Shapsug Chemirguy
Cyrillic IPA Cyrillic IPA
kind of pretty дэхэкӏьай daxakʲʼaːj дэхэкӏай daxat͡ʃʼaːj
kind of bitter дыгьыкӏьай dəgʲəkʲʼaːj дыджыкӏай dəd͡ʒət͡ʃʼaːj

Positional conjugation merging (го~)

  • In the Shapsug and Natukhai dialects, the verbal prefix го~ /ɡʷa-/ designates process of joining or merging with an object (usually a body). This positional conjugation does not exist in other Circassian dialects. for example :
Meaning Adyghe Notes
Cyrillic IPA
to throw at годзэн ɡʷad͡zan to throw an object on a steed or someone's neck
to merge to гохьэн ɡʷaħan to merge with an object
to look at гоплъэн ɡʷapɬan to look at a steed or someone's neck
to fit at
to fall at		 гофэн ɡʷafan to fit on a steed or someone's neck
an object to fall on a steed or someone's neck
to take from гохын ɡʷaxən to take an object a steed or someone's neck
to come down from гокӏын ɡʷat͡ʃʼən to get off a steed or someone's neck
to put at голъхьэн ɡʷaɬħan to put an object on a steed or someone's neck
to stand on гоуцон ɡʷawt͡sʷan to beat up someone
to fall from гозын ɡʷazən to fall from the body of something or someone
цум бжъитӏу гот
цу-м бжъ-итӏу го-т
[t͡sʷəm bʐəjtʷʼ ɡʷat]
ox (erg.) two horns it have on his body
"the ox have two horns."
шыор шым гос
шыо-р шы-м го-с
[ʃəwar ʃəm ɡʷas]
the horseman (abs.) horse (erg.) (s)he is sitting on a body
"the horseman is sitting on the horse."
лӏыжъым зылъакъо готэп
лӏыжъы-м зы-лъакъо го-тэ-п
[ɬʼəʐəm zəɬaːqʷa ɡʷatap]
the old man (erg.) one leg (s)he doesn't have on his body
"the old man doesn't have one leg."
шым зеохьыжьым кӏалэу госэр гозэгъ
шы-м зеохьы-жь-ым кӏалэ-у го-сэ-р го-зэ-гъ
[ʃəm zajwaħəʑəm t͡ʃʼaːɮaw ɡʷasar ɡʷazaʁ]
house (erg.) to get out of control boy (adv.) the one on the body (s)he fell off the body
"when the horse got out of control the boy sitting on it fell."

Sample text

Саусырыкъо гъэжъо чылапхъэр натымэ къызэрафихыжьыгъагъэр:

Натыхэр гъэжъо шӏэным пылъыгъэх. Гъэжъо шӏэным пылъымэ анахьыжъэу щытыгъэр

Тхьагъэлыгь арыгъэ…

— Ысӏэ къышъуиӏуагъэба? — ыӏуи Сэтэнае натымэ къаупкӏыгъ…

—Емынэжъ иунэ тэ щыӏ — аӏуи натхэр кӏэупкӏагъэх.

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Shapsoug dialect (French)
  3. ↑ Палатализация (смягчение) и аффрикатизация согласных (Russian)
  4. ↑ Переднеязычные мягкие шипящие аффрикаты дж, ч, к1 (Russian)
  5. ↑ Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков (Russian)
  6. ↑ Studia Caucasologica I page 11 (English)
  7. ↑ Переднеязычные твердые шипящие аффрикаты дж, чъ, ч1 (Russian)
  8. ↑ Наращение сонорных согласных (Russian)
  9. ↑ Консонантная система уляпского говора в сопоставлении с аналогами других диалектов адыгских языков (Russian)
  10. ↑ Studia Caucasologica I (English)
  11. ↑ Спирантизация аффрикат (Russian)
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