Ship canal
A ship canal is a canal especially intended to accommodate ships used on the oceans, seas or lakes to which it is connected, as opposed to a barge canal intended to carry barges and other vessels specifically designed for river and/or canal navigation. Because of the constraints of accommodating vessels capable of navigating large bodies of open water, a ship canal typically offers deeper water and higher bridge clearances that a barge canal of similar vessel length and width constraints.
Ship canals may be specially constructed from the start to accommodate ships, or less frequently they may be enlarged barge canals, or canalized or channelized rivers. There are no specific minimum dimensions for ship canals, with the size being largely dictated by the size of ships in use nearby at the time of construction or enlargement.
Ship canals may be constructed for a number of reasons, including:
- To create a shortcut and avoid lengthy detours.
- To create a navigable shipping link between two land-locked seas or lakes.
- To provide inland cities with a direct shipping link to the sea.
- To provide an economical alternative to other options.
Important ship canals
| Canal | Length | Lock depth | Dimensions | Location | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White Sea – Baltic Canal | 141 mi (227 km) | 3.5 m (11 ft) | 135 m × 14.3 m × 3.5 m |  Russia |
|
| Rhine-Main-Danube Canal | 106 mi (171 km) | 4 m (13 ft) | lock dimensions: 190m x 11.45 m x 4 m |  Germany |
|
| Suez Canal | 120.11 mi (193.30 km) | No locks, but 24 m (79 ft) deep. | 205 m (673 ft) wide |  Egypt |
|
| Volga-Don Canal | 62 mi (100 km) | 3.5 m (11 ft) | lock dimensions: 140m x 16.7 m x 3.5 m | Russia |
|
| Kiel Canal | 60 mi (97 km) | 14 m (46 ft) | lock dimensions: 310m x 42 m x 14 m | Germany |
|
| Houston Ship Channel | 56 mi (90 km) | 14 m (46 ft) | 161 m (528 ft) wide |  United States |
|
| Panama Canal | 51 mi (82 km) | 25.9 m (85 ft) | lock dimensions: 320m x 33.53 m x 25.9 m |  Panama |
|
| Danube-Black Sea Canal | 40 mi (64 km) | 5.5 m (18 ft) | lock dimensions: 138 m x 16.8 m x 5.5 m |  Romania |
|
| Manchester Ship Canal | 36 mi (58 km) | 8.78 m (28.8 ft) | lock dimensions: 170.68 m x 21.94 m x 8.78 m |  United Kingdom |
|
| Welland Canal | 43.4 km (27.0 mi) | 8.2 m (27 ft) | lock dimensions: 225.5 m x 23.8 m x 8.2 m |  Canada |
|
| Saint Lawrence Seaway | 600 km (370 mi) | 8.2 m (27 ft) | lock dimensions: 225.5 m x 23.8 m x 8.2 m | Canada United States |
|
The standard used in the European Union for classifying the navigability of inland waterways is the European Agreement on Main Inland Waterways of International Importance (AGN) of 1996, adopted by The Inland Transport Committee of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), which defines the following classes:[1] (This table is incomplete.)
| Class | Tonnage (t) | Draught (m) | Length (m) | Width (m) | Air Draught (m) | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class III | 1,000 | |||||
| Class IV | 1,000–1,500 | 2.5 | 80–85 | 9.5 | 5.2–7.0 | Johann Welker[1] |
| Class Va | 1,500–3,000 | 2.5–2.8 | 95–110 | 11.4 | 5.2–7.0–9.1 | Large Rhine[1] |
| Class VIb | 6,400–12,000 | 3.9 | 140 | 15 | 9.1 | [1] |
| Class VII | 14,500–27,000 | 2.5–4.5 | 275–285 | 33.0–34.2 | 9.1 | [1] |
See also
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References
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