Sodium perchlorate

Sodium perchlorate

Sodium perchlorte
Names
Other names Sodium chlorate(VII) Sodium hyperchlorate Perchloric acid, sodium salt
Identifiers
CAS Number	7601-89-0 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:132103 N
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1644700 N
ChemSpider	22668 Y
EC Number	231-511-9
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
PubChem	522606
RTECS number	SC9800000
UN number	1502
InChI InChI=1S/ClHO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Y Key: BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Y InChI=1/ClHO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 Key: BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-REWHXWOFAU
SMILES [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O
Properties
Chemical formula	NaClO4 NaClO4.H2O (monohydrate)
Molar mass	122.44 g/mol
Appearance	White crystalline solid
Density	2.4994 g/cm3 2.02 g/cm3 (monohydrate)
Melting point	468 °C (874 °F; 741 K) (decomposes, anhydrous) 130 °C (monohydrate)
Boiling point	482 °C (900 °F; 755 K) (decomposes, monohydrate)
Solubility in water	209.6 g/100 mL (25 °C, anhydrous) 209 g/100 mL (15 °C, monohydrate)
Refractive index (nD)	1.4617
Structure
Crystal structure	orthorhombic
Vapor pressure	{{{value}}}
Related compounds
Other anions	Sodium chloride Sodium hypochlorite Sodium chlorite Sodium chlorate
Other cations	Lithium perchlorate Potassium perchlorate Ammonium perchlorate Caesium perchlorate
Related compounds	Perchloric acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Sodium perchlorate is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaClO₄. It is the most soluble of the common perchlorate salts. It is a white crystalline, hygroscopic solid that is highly soluble in water and in alcohol. It usually comes as the monohydrate, which has a rhombic crystal system.

Its heat of formation is −382.75 kJ mol⁻¹.

Uses

Sodium perchlorate is the precursor to many other perchlorate salts, often taking advantage of their low solubility relative to NaClO₄ (209 g/100 mL at 25 °C). Perchloric acid is made by treating NaClO₄ with HCl.

NaClO₄ finds only minimal use in pyrotechnics because it is hygroscopic; ammonium and potassium perchlorates are preferred. These salts are prepared by double decomposition from a solution of sodium perchlorate and potassium or ammonium chlorides.

Laboratory applications

NaClO₄ has a variety of uses in the laboratory, often as an unreactive electrolyte. For example, it is used in standard DNA extraction and hybridization reactions in molecular biology.

In medicine

Sodium perchlorate can be used to block iodine uptake before administration of iodinated contrast agents in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism (suppressed TSH).

Production

Sodium perchlorate is produced by anodic oxidation of sodium chlorate at an inert electrode, such as platinum.

ClO₃⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) → ClO₄⁻(aq) + H₂(g)

See also

• Sodium chlorate
• Potassium chlorate
• Potassium perchlorate

External links

• WebBook page for NaClO4

Salts and the ester of the perchlorate ion
HClO4																	He
LiClO4	Be(ClO4)2											B(ClO4)4−	ROClO3	N(ClO4)3 NH4ClO4	O	FClO4	Ne
NaClO4	Mg(ClO4)2											Al(ClO4)3	Si	P	S	ClO4− ClOClO3 Cl2O7	Ar
KClO4	Ca(ClO4)2	Sc(ClO4)3	Ti(ClO4)4	VO(ClO4)3	Cr(ClO4)3	Mn(ClO4)2	Fe(ClO4)3	Co(ClO4)2, Co(ClO4)3	Ni(ClO4)2	Cu(ClO4)2	Zn(ClO4)2	Ga(ClO4)3	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
RbClO4	Sr(ClO4)2	Y	Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd(ClO4)2	AgClO4	Cd(ClO4)2	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe
CsClO4	Ba(ClO4)2		Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg2(ClO4)2, Hg(ClO4)2	Tl(ClO4)3	Pb(ClO4)2	Bi(ClO4)3	Po	At	Rn
Fr	Ra		Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg	Cn	Uut	Fl	Uup	Lv	Uus	Uuo
		↓
		La	Ce(ClO4)x	Pr	Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
		Ac	Th	Pa	UO2(ClO4)2	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr