Arboretum Sofiyivka

Sofiyivka (Софіївкa)
National Arboretum
Plan of the park
Country	Ukraine
Region	Cherkasy Oblast
Urban areas	Uman
Landmarks	Grotto "Mushroom", Rose garden, English Garden, Three Drops Waterfall
Lakes	Lower Pond, Zheneva Lake
Building	Building of Scientists Artistry
Rivers	Kam'yanka River, Akheront River
Coordinates
Area	1.79 km2 (1 sq mi)
Plants	Taxodium, Eastern White Pine, Liriodendron tulipifera, Ginkgo biloba, Platanus, Spruce
Arboretum	1991
- State Sanctuary	1929
- Main School of Gardening	1859
- Private Park	1796
Management	National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- location	Kiev
Visitation	500
IUCN category	IV - Habitat/Species government Area
Author	Ludwik Metzel
Original owner	Stanisław Potocki
Recognition	Seven Wonders of Ukraine
Website: www.sofiyivka.org.ua

Sofiyivsky Park (Ukrainian: Софіївський парк; Polish: Zofiówka) is an arboretum (type of botanical garden) and a scientific-researching institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU Department of Biology). The park is located in the northern part of the Uman city, Cherkasy Oblast (Central Ukraine), near the river Kamianka. Some areas of the park are reminiscent of an English garden. Today the park is a popular recreational spot, annually visited by 500,000 visitors.

Sofiyivka is a scenic landmark of world gardening design at the beginning of 19th century. The park accounts for over 2,000 types of trees and brush (local and exotic) among which are taxodium (marsh cypress), Weymouth Pine, tulip tree, platanus, ginkgo, and many others.

Since 1980 director of the park is the member-correspondent of the Academy of Sciences, doctor of biological sciences Ivan Kosenko. In 1985 small planet #2259 was named "Sofiyivka" after this park.

History

Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki

It was founded in 1796 by Count Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki, a Polish noble who rebuilt Uman after the Koliyivschyna. The city of Uman at that time was part of the Russian Empire. The park is named after his Greek wife Sofia (Zofia Potocka) and was built in 1802, it was a gift of Stanislaw Potocki to his wife on her birthday.

The cost of the original park was estimated at roughly 15 million złoty, a fortune by contemporary standards. The main contractor was Ludwik Metzel, a Polish military engineer who imported many rare plants from all around Europe. He employed the local serfs as his main labor force. The land for the park was highly undeveloped with numerous ravines and divided by the Kamianka river. The main composition of the park is located by the very same river with series of artificial basins and ponds (Upper-8 ha, Lower-1.5 ha, and others), waterfalls (the highest one is 14m tall), locks, subterranean river Akhenront (length-224m), fountains etc. The opening ceremony was also honoured by Stanisław Trembecki, who wrote a poem praising the park and its namesake. The park is decorated with a number of sculptures, mostly antique ones, and artificial cliffs, grottoes, and gazebos.

Zofia Potocka (Clavone)

The park was confiscated from private possession after the Polish November Uprising in 1832 and transferred to the Kiev Official Chamber. The same year Nikolai I presented the park to his wife Alexandra Feodorovna. In 1836-59 the park was a property of the Military Settlements Administration and was majorly changed.

It is one of the world famous garden-park art creations. There are many scenic areas in the park including waterfalls, fountains, ponds and a stone garden. It is one of the most famous examples of late 18th or early 19th century European landscape garden design that has been preserved to the present time.

The Sofiyivsky Park was named one of the Seven Wonders of Ukraine on August 21, 2007, based on voting by experts and the internet community.

Park sights

By original idea of the architect, the park illustrates different parts of Homer's poems Odyssey and Iliad.

Main Entrance

Southern Part

Park starts with Main entrance on Sadova Street. The central alley starts after main entrance. Main entrance towers, which were built in 1850-1852, are still standing there. Tourist service center, which is now called The House of Science Art is located close. This building has original architecture with observation area on the top. Besides museum, the building has hotel, restaurant and sauna. Long time the entrance of the park was decorated with Black Poplars (trees with triangle shape). From "Sofiyivka" park these trees became very popular all around Russian Empire. Before 1996, on the right side from entrance, small historical museum was located. It was built in 1957 and was used as laboratory. After 1980 it was modified to museum to train guides. In 1996 all exhibits were moved to administrative building. Now from the place of former museum you can see granitic cliffs and small Geneva lake which appeared here in 1930s.

On the glade up the Geneva lake, a small gazebo was built for guard soldier. The shape of the gazebo looked like a mushroom, that's why the area on hill on the right side from entrance is called Mushroom. The gazebo was renovated in 1994.

On the right side of main alley (between Main Entrance and Taypersk Rock), cypresses and pine trees are growing. These trees were planted in 1891. This area was called Small Switzerland before the beginning of World War II.

Fountain "SNAKE" [1]

Taypersk Rock is located on the right side of main alley after Small Switzerland. This rock is named after South-Eastern wall of Capitol fortress of Ancient Rome and it has wooden gazebo on it. During the rule of Potockiy, this point was the end of the park.

Before the Flore Pavilion, on the left, you can see a spring - Silver Sources. This natural source of water is decorated in antique style and was constructed in 1974.

The main alley ends with Flora Pavilion. It is located on the square where several roads are taking beginning in different directions.

Central Part

Compositional decision of the central zone of Sofiyivska in Ukraine based on scenes from the mythology of ancient Greece and Rome, and some places are imitation of habitations of the Greek gods, heroes, writers and philosophers. On the contrary Thunder grotto (the grotto of Calypso), is a water pipeline to supply. That area decorated by statues of Hermes and Venus.

To the east of the statue of Cupid on the left side are the granite steps that lead to the grottoes Loketek and Nut. They are created on the first period of construction of the Sofiyivsky park in Ukraine.

Nut Grotto is located on the right side. He completes the composition of the Valley giants. In the grotto carved granite Nut lava, and next to it is made three-stage waterfall.

Gallery

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External links

• Official Website
• Map of Sofiyivsky park in Uman - very detailed 3D map of park Sofievka from www.mapofukraine.net
• History of Park
• (Polish) Zofiówka in the Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland (1895)