Soyuz 8

This article is about the 1969 mission. For the mission identified by NASA as ISS Soyuz 8, see Soyuz TMA-4.

Soyuz 8

Mission type	Test flight
Operator	Soviet space program
Mission duration	4 days, 22 hours, 50 minutes, 49 seconds
Orbits completed	80
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type	Soyuz 7K-OK(P)
Manufacturer	Experimental Design Bureau OKB-1
Launch mass	6,646 kilograms (14,652 lb)
Crew
Crew size	2
Members	Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev
Callsign	Гранит (Granit - "Granite")
Start of mission
Launch date	13 October 1969, 10:19:09 (1969-10-13UTC10:19:09Z) UTC
Rocket	Soyuz
Launch site	Baikonur 31/6
End of mission
Landing date	18 October 1969, 09:09:58 (1969-10-18UTC09:09:59Z) UTC
Landing site
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee	201 kilometres (125 mi)
Apogee	227 kilometres (141 mi)
Inclination	51.7 degrees
Period	88.7 minutes
Soyuz programme (Manned missions) ← Soyuz 7 Soyuz 9 →

Soyuz 8 (Russian: Союз 8, Union 8) was part of a joint mission with Soyuz 6 and Soyuz 7 that saw three Soyuz spacecraft in orbit together at the same time, carrying a total of seven cosmonauts.

The crew consisted of commander Vladimir Shatalov and flight engineer Aleksei Yeliseyev, whose mission was to dock with Soyuz 7 and transfer crew, as the Soyuz 4 (involving, among others, these two cosmonauts) and Soyuz 5 missions did. Soyuz 6 was to film the operation from nearby.

However, this objective was not achieved due to equipment failures. Soviet sources were later to claim that no docking had been intended, but this seems unlikely, given the docking adapters carried by the spacecraft, and the fact that both Shatalov and Yeliseyev were veterans of the previous successful docking mission. This was the last time that the Soviet-crewed Moon landing hardware was tested in orbit, and the failure seems to have been one of the final nails in the coffin of the programme.

The radio call sign of the spacecraft was Granit, meaning Granite. This word is apparently used as the name of a reactive or defensive squadron in Soviet military training, and, just like the Soyuz 5, it was constructed and its crew was trained to be the responsive (not entirely passive) or female spacecraft in its docking. Giving military names to the spacecraft was probably a response to an appeal that the commander of the Soyuz 5 made. Further, the word was probably chosen as it begins with a letter following that sequence starting with Antey (meaning Antaeus) and Buran (meaning Blizzard); Г (G) is the fourth letter of the Russian alphabet.

Crew

Position	Cosmonaut
Commander	Vladimir Shatalov Second spaceflight
Flight Engineer	Aleksei Yeliseyev Second spaceflight

Backup Crew

Position	Cosmonaut
Commander	Andrian Nikolayev
Flight Engineer	Vitali Sevastyanov