Standard enthalpy change of formation (data table)

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These tables include heat of formation data gathered from a variety of sources, including the primary and secondary literature, as well as the NIST Chemistry WebBook. Note that the table for Alkanes contains ΔfH o values in kcal/mol (1 kcal/mol = 4.184 kJ/mol), and the table for Miscellaneous Compounds and Elements contains these values in kJ/mol.

Hydrocarbons

Formula     Name                                                       Chemical Formula ΔfH o (kcal/mol) CAS registry number ΔfH o (kJ/mol)
           
H2 Hydrogen [H][H] 0.0 001333-74-0 0.0
CH4 Methane C -17.9 000074-82-8 -74.9
C2H6 Ethane CC -20.0 000074-84-0 -83.7
C2H2 Acetylene CC 54.2 000074-86-2 226.8
C3H8 n-Propane CCC -25.0 000074-98-6 -104.6
C4H10 n-Butane CCCC -30.0 000106-97-8 -125.5
C5H12 n-Pentane CCCCC -35.1 000109-66-0 -146.9
C6H14 n-Hexane CCCCCC -40.0 000110-54-3 -167.4
C7H16 n-Heptane CCCCCCC -44.9 000142-82-5 -187.9
C8H18 n-Octane CCCCCCCC -49.8 000111-65-9 -208.4
C9H20 n-Nonane CCCCCCCCC -54.8 000111-84-2 -229.3
C10H22 n-Decane CCCCCCCCCC -59.6 000124-18-5 -249.4
           
C4H10 Isobutane (methylpropane) CC(C)C -32.1 000075-28-5 -134.3
           
C5H12 Neopentane (dimethylpropane) CC(C)(C)C -40.1 000463-82-1 -167.8
C5H12 Isopentane (methylbutane) CCC(C)C -36.9 000078-78-4 -154.4
           
C6H14 2,2-Dimethylbutane CCC(C)(C)C -44.5 000075-83-2 -186.2
C6H14 2,3-Dimethylbutane CC(C)C(C)C -42.5 000079-29-8 -177.8
C6H14 2-Methylpentane (isohexane) CCCC(C)C -41.8 000107-83-5 -174.9
C6H14 3-Methylpentane CCC(C)CC -41.1 000096-14-0 -172.0
           
C7H16 2,2-Dimethylpentane CCCC(C)(C)C -49.2 000590-35-2 -205.9
C7H16 2,2,3-Trimethylbutane CC(C)C(C)(C)C -49.0 000464-06-2 -205.0
C7H16 3,3-Dimethylpentane CCC(C)(C)CC -48.1 000562-49-2 -201.3
C7H16 2,3-Dimethylpentane CCC(C)C(C)C -47.3 000565-59-3 -197.9
C7H16 2,4-Dimethylpentane CC(C)CC(C)C -48.2 000108-08-7 -201.7
C7H16 2-Methylhexane CCCCC(C)C -46.5 000591-76-4 -194.6
C7H16 3-Methylhexane CCCC(C)CC -45.7 000589-34-4 -191.2
C7H16 3-ethylpentane CCC(CC)CC -45.3 000617-78-7 -189.5
           
C8H18 2,3-Dimethylhexane CCCC(C)C(C)C -55.1 000584-94-1 -230.5
C8H18 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylbutane CC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C -53.9 000594-82-1 -225.5
C8H18 2,2-Dimethylhexane CCCCC(C)(C)C -53.7 000590-73-8 -224.7
C8H18 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane (isooctane) CC(C)CC(C)(C)C -53.5 000540-84-1 -223.8
C8H18 2,5-Dimethylhexane CC(C)CCC(C)C -53.2 000592-13-2 -222.6
C8H18 2,2,3-Trimethylpentane CCC(C)C(C)(C)C -52.6 000564-02-3 -220.1
C8H18 3,3-Dimethylhexane CCCC(C)(C)CC -52.6 000563-16-6 -220.1
C8H18 2,4-Dimethylhexane CCC(C)CC(C)C -52.4 000589-43-5 -219.2
C8H18 2,3,4-Trimethylpentane CC(C)C(C)C(C)C -51.9 000565-75-3 -217.1
C8H18 2,3,3-Trimethylpentane CCC(C)(C)C(C)C -51.7 000560-21-4 -216.3
C8H18 2-Methylheptane CCCCCC(C)C -51.5 000592-27-8 -215.5
C8H18 3-Ethyl-3-Methylpentane CCC(C)(CC)CC -51.4 001067-08-9 -215.1
C8H18 3,4-Dimethylhexane CCC(C)C(C)CC -50.9 000583-48-2 -213.0
C8H18 3-Ethyl-2-Methylpentane CCC(CC)C(C)C -50.4 000609-26-7 -210.9
           
C9H20 2,2,4,4-Tetramethylpentane CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C -57.8 001070-87-7 -241.8
C9H20 2,2,3,3-Tetramethylpentane CCC(C)(C)C(C)(C)C -56.7 007154-79-2 -237.2
C9H20 2,2,3,4-Tetramethylpentane CC(C)C(C)C(C)(C)C -56.6 001186-53-4 -236.8
C9H20 2,3,3,4-Tetramethylpentane CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)C -56.4 016747-38-9 -236.0
C9H20 3,3-Diethylpentane CCC(CC)(CC)CC -55.7 001067-20-5 -233.0

Miscellaneous Compounds

Thermochemical Properties of selected substances at 298 K and 1 atm.

Species Phase(Matter) Chemical Formula ΔfH o (kJ/mol)
Aluminium
Aluminium Solid Al 0
Aluminium chloride Solid AlCl3 −705.63
Aluminium oxide Solid Al2O3 −1669.8
Aluminium hydroxide Solid Al(OH)3 −1277
Aluminium sulphate Solid Al2(SO4)3 −3440
Barium
Barium chloride Solid BaCl2 −858.6
Barium carbonate Solid BaCO3 −1213
Barium hydroxide Solid Ba(OH)2 −944.7
Barium oxide Solid BaO −548.1
Barium sulfate Solid BaSO4 −1473.2
Beryllium
Beryllium Solid Be 0
Beryllium hydroxide Solid Be(OH)2 −902.9999
Beryllium oxide Solid BeO −609.4(25)
Boron
Boron trichloride Solid BCl3 −402.96
Bromine
Bromine Liquid Br2 0
Bromine Liquid Br− −121
Bromine Gas Br 111.884
Bromine Gas Br2 30.91
Bromine trifluoride Gas BrF3 −255.60
Hydrobromic acid Gas HBr −36.29
Cadmium
Cadmium Solid Cd 0
Cadmium oxide Solid CdO −258
Cadmium hydroxide Solid Cd(OH)2 −561
Cadmium sulfide Solid CdS −162
Cadmium sulfate Solid CdSO4 −935
Calcium
Calcium Solid Ca 0
Calcium Gas Ca 178.2
Calcium(II) ion Gas Ca2+ 1925.90
Calcium carbide Solid CaC2 −59.8
Calcium carbonate (Calcite) Solid CaCO3 −1206.9
Calcium chloride Solid CaCl2 −795.8
Calcium chloride Aqueous CaCl2 −877.3
Calcium phosphate Solid Ca3(PO4)2 −4132
Calcium fluoride Solid CaF2 −1219.6
Calcium hydride Solid CaH2 −186.2
Calcium hydroxide Solid Ca(OH)2 −986.09
Calcium hydroxide Aqueous Ca(OH)2 −1002.82
Calcium oxide Solid CaO −635.09
Calcium sulfate Solid CaSO4 −1434.52
Calcium sulfide Solid CaS −482.4
Wollastonite Solid CaSiO3 −1630
Carbon Alkanes Above
Benzene Liquid C6H6 48.95
Benzoic acid Solid C7H6O2 −385.2
Glucose Solid C6H12O6 −1271
Carbon (Graphite) Solid C 0
Carbon (Diamond) Solid C 1.9
Carbon Gas C 716.67
Carbon dioxide Gas CO2 −393.509
Carbon disulfide Liquid CS2 89.41
Carbon disulfide Gas CS2 116.7
Carbon monoxide Gas CO −110.525
Carbon tetrachloride Liquid CCl4 −135.4
Carbon tetrachloride Gas CCl4 −95.98
Carbonyl chloride (Phosgene) Gas COCl2 −218.8
Ethane Gas C2H6 −83.85
Ethanol Liquid C2H5OH −277.0
Ethanol Gas C2H5OH −235.3
Ethene Gas C2H4 52.3
Vinyl chloride Solid C2H3Cl −94.12
Ethyne Gas C2H2 226.73
Methane Gas CH4 −74.87
Methanol (methyl alcohol) Liquid CH3OH −238.4
Methanol (methyl alcohol) Gas CH3OH −201.0
Methyl linoleate (Biodiesel) Gas C19H34O2 −356.3
Methyl trichloride (Chloroform) Liquid CHCl3 −134.47
Methyl trichloride (Chloroform) Gas CHCl3 −103.18
Propane Gas C3H8 −104.7
CO2 (aq, unionized) Aqueous CO2(aq) −419.26
HCO3 HCO3 −689.93
Carbon trioxide CO3 −675.23
Cesium
Cesium Solid Cs 0
Cesium Gas Cs 76.50
Cesium Liquid Cs 2.09
Cesium(I) ion Gas Cs+ 457.964
Cesium chloride Solid CsCl −443.04
Chlorine
Monatomic chlorine Gas Cl 121.7
Chloride ion Aqueous Cl− −167.2
Chlorine Gas Cl2 0
Chromium
Chromium Solid Cr 0
Copper
Copper Solid Cu 0
Copper(II) oxide Solid CuO −155.2
Fluorine
Fluorine Gas F2 0
Hydrogen
Monatomic hydrogen Gas H 218
Hydrogen Gas H2 0
Water Gas H2O −241.818
Water Liquid H2O −285.8
Hydrogen ion Aqueous H+ 0
Hydroxide ion Aqueous OH− −230
Hydrogen peroxide Liquid H2O2 −187.8
Phosphoric acid Liquid H3PO4 −1288
Hydrogen cyanide Gas HCN 130.5
Hydrogen bromide Liquid HBr −36.3
Hydrogen chloride Gas HCl −92.30
Hydrogen chloride Aqueous HCl −167.2
Hydrogen fluoride Gas HF −273.3
Hydrogen iodide Gas HI 26.5
Iodine
Iodine Solid I2 0
Iodine Gas I2 62.438
Iodine Aqueous I2 23
Iodide ion Aqueous I− −55
Iron
Iron Solid Fe 0
Iron carbide (Cementite) Solid Fe3C 5.4
Iron(II) carbonate (Siderite) Solid FeCO3 -750.6
Iron(III) chloride Solid FeCl3 −399.4
Iron(II) oxide (Wüstite) Solid FeO −272
Iron(II,III) oxide (Magnetite) Solid Fe3O4 −1118
Iron(III) oxide (Hematite) Solid Fe2O3 −824.2
Iron(II) sulfate Solid FeSO4 −929
Iron(III) sulfate Solid Fe2(SO4)3 −2583
Iron(II) sulfide Solid FeS −102
Pyrite Solid FeS2 −178
Lead
Lead Solid Pb 0
Lead dioxide Solid PbO2 −277
Lead sulfide Solid PbS −100
Lead sulfate Solid PbSO4 −920
Lead(II) nitrate Solid Pb(NO3)2 −452
Lead(II) sulfate Solid PbSO4 −920
Magnesium
Magnesium Solid Mg 0
Magnesium ion Aqueous Mg2+ −466.85
Magnesium carbonate Solid MgCO3 −1095.797
Magnesium chloride Solid MgCl2 −641.8
Magnesium hydroxide Solid Mg(OH)2 −924.54
Magnesium hydroxide Aqueous Mg(OH)2 −926.8
Magnesium oxide Solid MgO −601.6
Magnesium sulfate Solid MgSO4 −1278.2
Manganese
Manganese Solid Mn 0
Manganese(II) oxide Solid MnO −384.9
Manganese(IV) oxide Solid MnO2 −519.7
Manganese(III) oxide Solid Mn2O3 −971
Manganese(II,III) oxide Solid Mn3O4 −1387
Permanganate Aqueous MnO4− −543
Mercury
Mercury(II) oxide (red) Solid HgO −90.83
Mercury sulfide (red, cinnabar) Solid HgS −58.2
Nickel
Nitrogen
Ammonia Aqueous NH3 −80.8
Ammonia Gas NH3 −45.90
Ammonium chloride Solid NH4Cl −314.55
Nitrogen dioxide Gas NO2 33.2
Nitrous oxide Gas N2O 82.05
Nitric oxide Gas NO 90.29
Dinitrogen tetroxide Gas N2O4 9.16
Dinitrogen pentoxide Solid N2O5 −43.1
Dinitrogen pentoxide Gas N2O5 11.3
Oxygen
Monatomic oxygen Gas O 249
Oxygen Gas O2 0
Ozone Gas O3 143
Phosphorus
Phosphorus trichloride Liquid PCl3 −319.7
Phosphorus trichloride Gas PCl3 −278
Phosphorus pentachloride Solid PCl5 −440
Potassium
Potassium bromide Solid KBr −392.2
Potassium carbonate Solid K2CO3 −1150
Potassium chlorate Solid KClO3 −391.4
Potassium chloride Solid KCl −436.68
Potassium fluoride Solid KF −562.6
Potassium oxide Solid K2O −363
Potassium perchlorate Solid KClO4 −430.12
Silicon
Silicon Gas Si 368.2
Silicon carbide Solid SiC −73.22
Silicon tetrachloride Liquid SiCl4 −640.1
Silica (Quartz) Solid SiO2 −910.86
Silver
Silver bromide Solid AgBr −99.5
Silver chloride Solid AgCl −127.01
Silver iodide Solid AgI −62.4
Silver oxide Solid Ag2O −31.1
Silver sulfide Solid Ag2S −31.8
Sodium
Sodium carbonate Solid Na2CO3 −1130.77
Sodium chloride Aqueous NaCl −407.27
Sodium chloride Solid NaCl −411.12
Sodium chloride Liquid NaCl −385.92
Sodium chloride Gas NaCl −181.42
Sodium fluoride Solid NaF −569.0
Sodium hydroxide Aqueous NaOH −469.15
Sodium hydroxide Solid NaOH −425.93
Sodium nitrate Aqueous NaNO3 −446.2
Sodium nitrate Solid NaNO3 −424.8
Sodium oxide Solid Na2O −414.2
Sulfur
Hydrogen sulfide Gas H2S −20.63
Sulfur dioxide Gas SO2 −296.84
Sulfur trioxide Gas SO3 −395.7
Sulfuric acid Liquid H2SO4 −814
Tin
Titanium
Titanium Gas Ti 468
Titanium tetrachloride Gas TiCl4 −763.2
Titanium tetrachloride Liquid TiCl4 −804.2
Titanium dioxide Solid TiO2 −944.7
Zinc
Zinc Gas Zn 130.7
Zinc chloride Solid ZnCl2 −415.1
Zinc oxide Solid ZnO −348.0

References

  • NIST Chemistry WebBook
  • John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, and Gabriela C. Weaver. Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, Sixth Edition. ISBN 0-534-99766-X.
  • David R. Lide, Henry V. Kehiaian. CRC Handbook of Thermophysical and Thermochemical Data. ISBN 978-0-8493-0197-1
  • Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay, Jr., Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine J. Murphy. Chemistry: The Central Science, 11th edition. ISBN 0-13-600617-5
  • Cox, J. D., Wagman, D. D., and Medvedev, V. A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, 1989
  • Chemistry: The Central Science, 10th Edition

External links

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