Static memory allocation
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Static memory allocation is the allocation of memory at compile-time before the associated program is executed, unlike dynamic memory allocation or automatic memory allocation where memory is allocated as required at run-time.[1]
An application of this technique involves a program module (e.g. function or subroutine) declaring static data locally, such that these data are inaccessible in other modules unless references to it are passed as parameters or returned. A single copy of static data is retained and accessible through many calls to the function in which it is declared. Static memory allocation therefore has the advantage of modularising data within a program design in the situation where these data must be retained through the runtime of the program.
The use of static variables within a class in object oriented programming enables a single copy of such data to be shared between all the objects of that class.
Object constants known at compile-time, such as string literals, are usually allocated statically. In object-oriented programming, the virtual method tables of classes are usually allocated statically. A statically defined value can also be global in its scope ensuring the same immutable value is used throughout a run for consistency.
References
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