Stelvio Pass

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Stelvio Pass
Passo dello Stelvio (Italian)
Stilfser Joch (German)
280px
Some of the 48 hairpin turns near the top of the eastern ramp of the Stelvio Pass
Elevation 2,757 m (9,045 ft)
Traversed by Strade Statali 38
Location Border of South Tyrol
and Sondrio provinces,
Italy
Range Eastern Alps
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Location of Stelvio Pass in the Alps.

The Stelvio Pass (Italian: Passo dello Stelvio [ˈpasso ˈdello ˈstɛlvjo]; German: Stilfser Joch; [ˈʃtɪlfsɐ jɔx]) is a mountain pass in northern Italy, at an elevation of 2,757 m (9,045 ft) above sea level. It is the highest paved mountain pass in the Eastern Alps, and the second highest in the Alps, just 45 m (148 ft) below France's Col de la Bonette (2,802 m (9,193 ft)).

Location

The pass is located in the Ortler Alps in Italy between Stilfs ("Stelvio" in Italian) in South Tyrol and Bormio in the province of Sondrio. It is about 75 km (47 mi) from Bolzano and a mere 200 m from the Swiss border. The Umbrail Pass runs northwards from the Stelvio's western ramp, and the "Three Languages Peak" (Dreisprachenspitze) above the pass is so named because this is where the Italian, German, and Romansh languages meet.

The road connects the Valtellina with the mid Venosta valley (the Vinschgau) and Meran. Adjacent to the pass road there is a large summer skiing area. Important mountains nearby include Ortler, Thurwieserspitze, Trafoier Eiswand, de:Monte Scorluzzo, Piz Umbrail, and Piz Cotschen/Rötlspitz/Punta Rosa.[1]

History

The original road was built in 1820–25 by the Austrian Empire to connect the former Austrian province of Lombardia with the rest of Austria, covering a climb of 1,871 m (6,138 ft) The engineer and project manager was Carlo Donegani (1775–1845). Since then, the route has changed very little. Its seventy-five[citation needed] hairpin turns, 48 of them on the northern side numbered with stones, are a challenge to motorists. Stirling Moss went off the road here during a vintage car event in the 1990s, with an onboard video of his incident being shown on satellite TV.

Before the end of World War I, it formed the border between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Italian Kingdom. The Swiss had an outpost and a hotel (which was destroyed) on the Dreisprachenspitze (literally, Three-Language-Peak). During World War I, fierce battles were fought in the ice and snow of the area, with gun fire even crossing the Swiss area at times. The three nations made an agreement not to fire over Swiss territory, which jutted out in between Austria (to the north) and Italy (to the south). Instead they could fire down the pass, as Swiss territory was up and around the peak.[2][3] After 1919, with the expansion of Italy, the pass lost its strategic importance.

The Stelvio Pass retains an importance for sport when it is open from June to September. Countless cyclists and motorcyclists struggle to get to the highest stretch of road in the Eastern Alps. It is the highest finish of any Grand Tour.[4] The Giro d'Italia often crosses the Stelvio Pass (it was crossed by the Giro for the first time in 1953, when Coppi beat Koblet). The last winner on the pass was Dario Cataldo in 2014. Every year, the pass is closed to motor vehicles on one day in late August when about 8,000 cyclists ride on the Stelvio.

Bormio regularly hosts World Cup ski racing, usually in late December for a men's downhill event; its Pista Stelvio is among the most challenging courses on the circuit.

The Stelvio Pass was also picked by the British automotive show Top Gear as its choice for the "greatest driving road in the world", although their search was concentrated only in Europe.[5][6][7] This conclusion was reached in the first episode of the show's 10th series after the team went in search of a road that would satisfy every "petrolhead's" driving fantasies. Top Gear later decided that the Transfăgărășan Highway in Romania was possibly a superior driving road.

In 2008, Moto Guzzi started selling a Stelvio model, named after the famous mountain pass.

Appearances in Giro d'Italia (since 1953)

Year Stage Category Start Finish Leader at the summit
1953 20 - Bolzano Bormio  Fausto Coppi (ITA)
1961 21 - Trento Bormio
1965 20 Cima Coppi Madesimo Passo dello Stelvio  Graziano Battistini (ITA)
1972 17 Cima Coppi Livigno Passo dello Stelvio  José Manuel Fuente (SPA)
1975 21 Cima Coppi Alleghe Passo dello Stelvio  Francisco Galdós (SPA)
1980 20 Cima Coppi Cles Sondrio  Jean-René Bernaudeau (FRA)
1994 15 Cima Coppi Merano Aprica  Franco Vona (ITA)
2005 14 Cima Coppi Neumarkt Livigno  Iván Parra (COL)
2012 20 Cima Coppi Val di Sole Passo dello Stelvio  Thomas de Gendt (BEL)
2014 16 Cima Coppi Ponte di Legno Val Martello (Martelltal)  Dario Cataldo (ITA)

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Stelvio climb – the highest of any Grand Tour.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.


References

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External links

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