Supreme Soviet
The Supreme Soviet (Russian: Верховный Совет, Verkhóvnyj Sovét, English: literally "Supreme Council") was the common name for the legislative bodies (parliaments) of the Soviet socialist republics (SSR) in the Soviet Union. These soviets were modeled after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, established in 1938, and were nearly identical.[1] Soviet-approved delegates to the Supreme Soviets were periodically elected in unopposed elections.[2] The first free or semi-free elections were held during the perestroika in late 1980s. The soviets were largely rubber stamp institutions, approving decisions handed to them by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union or of each SSR.[2] The soviets met infrequently (often only twice a year for only several days) and elected the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, a permanent body, to act on their behalf while the soviet was not in session.[3] The chairman of the presidium was the head of state. The Supreme Soviets also elected the Council of Ministers, an executive body. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in late December, 1991, most of these soviets became the legislatures of independent countries.
Supreme Soviets of the Soviet Republics
- Armenian SSR: Հայկական ՍՍՀ Գերագույն Խորհուրդ
- Azerbaijan SSR: Азәрбаjҹан ССР Али Совети
- Belorussian SSR: Вярхоўны Савет Беларускай ССР
- Estonian SSR: Eesti NSV Ülemnõukogu
- Georgian SSR: საქართველოს სსრ უმაღლესი საბჭო
- Kazakh SSR: Қазақ КСР-нiң Жоғарғы Кеңесi
- Kyrgyz SSR: Кыргыз ССР Жогорку Совети
- Latvian SSR: Latvijas PSR Augstākā Padome
- Lithuanian SSR: Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausioji Taryba
- Moldavian SSR: Совиетул Супрем ал РСС Молдовеняскэ (Sovietul Suprem al RSS Moldovenească)
- Russian SFSR: Верховный Совет РСФСР
- Tajik SSR: Совети Олӣ РСС Тоҷикистон
- Turkmen SSR: Түркменистан ССР Ёкары Советы
- Ukrainian SSR: Верховна Рада Української РСР
- Uzbek SSR: Ўзбекистон ССР Олий Совети
Supreme Soviets of the Autonomous Soviet Republics
- Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: БАССР Юғары Советы
- Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: ТАССР Югары Советы
References
- ↑ Where nation-states come from: institutional change in the age of nationalism by Philip G. Roeder, p. 70
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Perestroika-era politics: the new Soviet legislature and Gorbachev's political reforms by Robert T. Huber and Donald R. Kelley, p. 52
- ↑ Russian law: the end of the Soviet system and the role of law by Ferdinand Joseph Maria Feldbrugge, p. 192
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