Suzaku (satellite)

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Suzaku (ASTRO-EII)
Astro-E2.jpg
A picture of a fully integrated Astro-E2 before vibration tests at ISAS/JAXA.
Mission type Astronomy
Operator JAXA / NASA
COSPAR ID 2005-025A
SATCAT № 28773
Website www.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/astro_e2
Mission duration Planned: 2 years
Actual: 10 years, 1 month, 23 days
Spacecraft properties
Manufacturer Toshiba[1]
Launch mass 1,706 kilograms (3,761 lb)[2]
Start of mission
Launch date 2005-07-10, 03:30:00 UTC
Rocket M-V-6
Launch site Uchinoura Space Center
Uchinoura, Kagoshima, Japan
End of mission
Decay date no earlier than 2020[3]
Orbital parameters
Reference system Geocentric
Regime Low Earth
Perigee 550 kilometres (340 mi)
Apogee 550 kilometres (340 mi)
Inclination 31 degrees
Period 96 minute
Main telescope
Wavelengths X-ray
ASTRO-E
M-V with ASTRO-E veering off course.jpeg
The M-V rocket carrying ASTRO-E veering off course after launch on 10 February 2000.
Operator Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS)
Start of mission
Launch date 01:30:00, February 10, 2000 (2000-02-10T01:30:00)
Rocket M-V-4
Launch site Kagoshima Space Center


Suzaku (formerly ASTRO-EII) was an X-ray astronomy satellite developed jointly by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center and the Institute of Space and Aeronautical Science at JAXA to probe high energy X-ray sources, such as supernova explosions, black holes and galactic clusters. It was launched on 10 July 2005 aboard the M-V-6 rocket. After its successful launch, the satellite was renamed Suzaku after the mythical Vermilion bird of the South.[4]

Just weeks after launch, on 29 July 2005 the first of a series of cooling system malfunctions occurred. These ultimately caused the entire reservoir of liquid helium to boil off into space by 8 August 2005. This effectively shut down the X-ray Spectrometer (XRS), which was the spacecraft's primary instrument. The two other instruments, the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) and the Hard X-ray Detector (HXD), were unaffected by the malfunction. As a result, another XRS was integrated into the Hitomi X-ray satellite, launched in 2016.

On 26 August 2015, JAXA announced that communications with Suzaku had been intermittent since 1 June, and that the resumption of scientific operations would be difficult to accomplish given the spacecraft's condition.[5] Mission operators decided to complete the mission imminently, as Suzaku had exceeded its design lifespan by 8 years at this point. The mission came to an end on 2 September 2015, when JAXA commanded the radio transmitters on Suzaku to switch themselves off.[3][6]

Spacecraft instruments

Suzaku is carrying high spectroscopic resolution, very wide energy band instruments for detecting signals ranging from soft X-rays up to gamma-rays (0.3–600 keV). High resolution spectroscopy and wide-band are essential factors to physically investigate high energy astronomical phenomena, such as black holes and supernovae. One such feature, the broad iron K line, may be key to more direct imaging of black holes.

  • X-ray Telescope (XRT)
  • X-ray Spectrometer (XRS)
  • X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS)
  • Hard X-ray Detector (HXD)
    • Uses Gadolinium Silicate crystal (GSO), Gd2SiO5(Ce)[7]
    • Uses Bismuth Germanate crystal (BGO), Bi4Ge3O12[7]

ASTRO-E

Suzaku was a replacement for ASTRO-E, which was lost in a launch failure. The M-V-4 carrier rocket launched on 10 February 2000 at 01:30:00 UTC but experienced a failure 42 seconds later, failing to achieve orbit and crashing with its payload into the ocean.[8]

Results

Suzaku discovered "fossil" light from a supernova remnant.[9]

References

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  4. すざく(朱雀、Suzaku) 命名の理由, JAXA
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  9. Suzaku Finds "Fossil" Fireballs from Supernovae 12.30.09

Further reading

External links