Taoyuan, Taiwan

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This article is about the special municipality formerly known as Taoyuan County. For former county-administered Taoyuan City, see Taoyuan District. For the district in Kaohsiung, see Taoyuan District, Kaohsiung.

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Taoyuan City
桃園市Template:Efn native lang
Special municipality
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Flag of Taoyuan City
Flag		 Official seal of Taoyuan City
Logo
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Location of Taoyuan City
Country  Taiwan
Seat Taoyuan District
Districts
13
Government
 • Body
 • Mayor Cheng Wen-tsan (DPP)
 • Deputy Mayor Chiu Tai-san[1]
Area[2][3]
 • Special municipality 1,220.95 km2 (471.41 sq mi)
 • Urban 1,140 km2 (440 sq mi)
Area rank 14 of 22
Population (June 2022)[4]
 • Special municipality 2,264,082
 • Rank 5 of 22
 • Density 1,900/km2 (4,800/sq mi)
 • Urban[Note 1][5] 8,535,000
 • Urban density 7,500/km2 (19,000/sq mi)
Time zone National Standard Time (UTC+8)
Postal code 320-338
ISO 3166 code TW-TAO
Bird Formosan blue magpie (Urocissa caerulea)
Flower Peach blossom
Tree Peach tree
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  1. ↑ Refers to the Taipei-Taoyuan urban area.
Taoyuan City
Traditional Chinese 桃園市
Simplified Chinese 桃园市
(video) Taoyuan, looking down from the air.

TaoyuanTemplate:Efn native lang (/ˌtaʊjuːˈɛn/) is a special municipality in northwestern Taiwan, neighboring New Taipei City to the north-east, Yilan County to the south-east, and Hsinchu County to the south-west. Taoyuan District is the seat of the municipal government and which, along with Zhongli District, forms a large metropolitan area. Taoyuan developed from a satellite city of Taipei metropolitan area to become the fourth-largest metropolitan area, and fifth-largest populated city in Taiwan. "Taoyuan" literally means "peach garden" in Chinese, since the area used to have many peach trees.

Taoyuan City is home to many industrial parks and tech company headquarters. Since commuting to the Taipei metropolitan area is easy, and its advantages of relatively low cost of living as well as less impacts by natural disasters in northern Taiwan, Taoyuan has had the fastest population growth of any city in Taiwan in recent decades.[6] The city is also a major destination for Taiwan's largest foreign worker population, many from Southeast Asia, with more than 116,000 in 2021.[7][8] Taoyuan International Airport, which serves the capital, Taipei and the rest of northern Taiwan, is located in this city.

History

Early history

In ancient times, the Taoyuan plateau was the home of the Taiwanese plains aborigines. In prehistory, the Ketagalan people settled in Nankan (zh). In the early years of Dutch colonization, Spanish colonization, and Zheng He of the Ming Dynasty, there were no large-scale cultivation or industrial activities. During the Qing era, a number of people from Fujian Province and Guangdong province began to immigrate into present-day Taoyuan to develop and farm the land. They planted peach trees, which, when fully bloomed in spring, were so beautiful that the people named the land Toahong (Chinese: 桃仔園; pinyin: Táozǐyuán; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thô-á-hn̂g; literally: "peach orchard").

Empire of Japan

Taoyuan Station during Japanese rule

In November 1901, during Japanese era, a local administrative office, Toshien Chō (Japanese: 桃仔園廳?), was established in the area, and renamed Tōen Chō (桃園廳) in 1905. In 1920, the Tōen area was incorporated into Shinchiku Prefecture.

During the Japanese era, the staged migration policy caused Taoyuan to develop into a city with a variety of cultures. For example, temples and worship paths (currently the Taoyuan Martyrs Shrine) symbolized cultural systems. Butokuden (武德殿) were used to represent military systems, and the old Taoyuan City Office signified political systems.

Republic of China

After the transfer from Japan to the Republic of China, the present day-area of Taoyuan City was incorporated under Hsinchu County. In 1950, Taoyuan County was established by separating it from Hsinchu County. On 21 April 1971, Taoyuan City was made the county seat of Taoyuan County. It had 6 cities, 1 urban township and 6 rural townships.

In June 2009, the Executive Yuan approved the plan to upgrade Taoyuan from a county to a special municipality.[9] On 25 December 2014, Taoyuan County was upgraded into a special municipality of Taoyuan City (桃園市).

Geography

Taoyuan is located approximately 40 km (25 mi) southwest of Taipei, in northern Taiwan, and occupies 1,220 km2 (470 sq mi). It is made up of low-lying plains, interconnected mountains and plateaus. Its shape has a long and narrow southeast-to-northwest trend, with the southeast in the Xueshan Range and the far end on the shores of the Taiwan Strait.

There are many irrigation ponds at Taoyuan Plateau, which caused Taoyuan to earn the nickname "Thousand-pond Township" (千塘之鄉).[10]

Climate

Taoyuan has a humid subtropical climate, with mild to warm winters and hot summers, typical of northern Taiwan.

(The climate data of Taipei City is shown below for reference due to the city's proximity to Taipei.)

Climate data for Taipei (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 19.1
(66.4)		 19.6
(67.3)		 22.1
(71.8)		 25.7
(78.3)		 29.2
(84.6)		 32.0
(89.6)		 34.3
(93.7)		 33.8
(92.8)		 31.1
(88)		 27.5
(81.5)		 24.2
(75.6)		 20.7
(69.3)		 26.6
(79.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.1
(61)		 16.5
(61.7)		 18.5
(65.3)		 21.9
(71.4)		 25.2
(77.4)		 27.7
(81.9)		 29.6
(85.3)		 29.2
(84.6)		 27.4
(81.3)		 24.5
(76.1)		 21.5
(70.7)		 17.9
(64.2)		 23
(73.41)
Average low °C (°F) 13.9
(57)		 14.2
(57.6)		 15.8
(60.4)		 19
(66)		 22.3
(72.1)		 24.6
(76.3)		 26.3
(79.3)		 26.1
(79)		 24.8
(76.6)		 22.3
(72.1)		 19.3
(66.7)		 15.6
(60.1)		 20.4
(68.7)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 83.2
(3.276)		 170.3
(6.705)		 180.4
(7.102)		 177.8
(7)		 234.5
(9.232)		 325.9
(12.831)		 245.1
(9.65)		 322.1
(12.681)		 360.5
(14.193)		 148.9
(5.862)		 83.1
(3.272)		 73.3
(2.886)		 2,405.1
(94.69)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1) 14.1 14.6 15.5 14.9 14.8 15.5 12.3 14 13.8 11.9 12.4 11.7 165.5
Average relative humidity (%) 78.5 80.6 79.5 77.8 76.6 77.3 73 74.1 75.8 75.3 75.4 75.4 76.61
Mean monthly sunshine hours 80.6 71.3 89.6 92.6 113.7 121.7 179 188.9 153.7 124 99.4 90.7 1,405.2
Source: Central Weather Bureau[11]

Ethnic composition

Historical population
Year Pop. ±%
1985 1,211,249 —    
1990 1,355,175 +11.9%
1995 1,524,127 +12.5%
2000 1,732,617 +13.7%
2005 1,911,161 +10.3%
2010 2,002,060 +4.8%
2015 2,105,780 +5.2%
2020 2,252,835 +7.0%
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Year 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Population 1,093,621 1,129,576 1,160,709 1,189,752 1,211,249 1,232,209 1,259,503 1,288,626 1,320,359 1,355,175
Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Population 1,385,165 1,415,546 1,448,186 1,483,955 1,524,127 1,570,456 1,614,471 1,650,984 1,691,292 1,732,617
Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Population 1,762,963 1,792,603 1,822,075 1,853,029 1,880,316 1,911,161 1,934,968 1,958,686 1,978,782 2,002,060
Year 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Population 2,013,305 2,030,161 2,044,023 2,058,328 2,105,780 2,147,763 2,188,017 2,220,872 2,249,037 2,245,162
Year 2021
Population 2,272,391

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Further information: North-South divide in Taiwan § Population

Han Chinese

Hoklo

As of most of the cities and urban towns of Taiwan, Minnan people (Hoklos) are one of the largest ethnic groups of Taoyuan, most of whom live in northern Taoyuan (北桃園) which comprises the northern districts of Taoyuan, including Taoyuan city centre, Bade, Daxi, Dayuan, Guishan and Luzhu, and the city seat of government, Taoyuan District citycentre.

Hakka

The Hakka are the second-largest ethnic group in the city after the Minnan ethnicity (Hoklo) who won against the Hakkas in clan wars moved to the poor mountainous regions in southern Taoyuan, most of the Hakka peasants live in the rural peasant village areas of southern Taoyuan (南桃園), which includes Zhongli, Pingzhen, Yangmei, Longtan, Guanyin and Xinwu districts. With more than 785,000 Hakka people, Taoyuan hosts the largest Hakka population among all of Taiwan's administrative divisions.

Waishengren

After the Chinese Civil War, many people from mainland China (unaffectionately referred to as "Waishengren") settled in the then-Taoyuan County after the retreat of the nationalist government in 1949. Most of them live in military dependents' villages in Zhongli, Pingzhen and Guishan. Longgang is well known for its immigrants from Yunnan, featuring many Yunnan-style restaurants.

Aborigines

Most Taiwanese aborigines in the city live in Fuxing District, with most of them belonging to the Atayal people.

Economy

Taoyuan is one of the Taiwan's top industrial and technological cities. High-tech companies including Quanta, MiTAC, Inotera, Nanya Technology, HTC, CPT and AU Optronics have all opted to build or expand their factories in Taoyuan. Taoyuan has now become a bastion of electronics and semiconductor manufacturing. Over 200 of Taiwan's top 500 manufacturing companies have factories in Taoyuan. Taoyuan has also led Taiwan in terms of industrial output for nine straight years.[citation needed]

There are now 29 (registered) industrial areas with 3,696 ha (9,130 acres) of non-urban industrial land and 3,131 ha (7,740 acres) of urban industrial land. There are over 6,827 ha (16,870 acres) of land available for factories and industrial use in the city, representing the fact that Taoyuan's development bureau is based on industry and commerce. There are also 9 sites (57 ha; 140 acres) for mixed industrial-commercial use, the most of any county and city in Taiwan.[12]

On 26 March 2010, China Airlines (Taiwan's government-owned airline) moved into its new headquarters on the grounds of Taipei Taoyuan International Airport and in Dayuan Township in Taoyuan County (now Dayuan District, Taoyuan).[13][14] EVA Air maintains its headquarters in Luzhu District.[15] Evergreen Airlines Services Corporation, Evergreen Aviation Technologies Corp., and Evergreen Air Cargo Services Corporation, subsidiaries of Evergreen Group, are headquartered in Dayuan.[16][17][18]

On 25 December 2016, The Asia Silicon Valley Development Agency (ASVDA) was inaugurated in northern Taoyuan City, in a governmental effort to foster innovation, promote the Internet of Things (IoT) sector and attract top-class technology talent. The Asian Silicon Valley project aimed to transform Taiwan into an R&D hub for the IoT sector as well as a global center of entrepreneurship.[19]

Administration

Taoyuan City Administrative Divisions
File:Population density map of Taoyuan City (Dec 2019).png
Population density map of Taoyuan City

Taoyuan City is divided into 12 municipal districts and 1 mountain indigenous district.[20][21][22] The city government is located within Taoyuan District.

Type Name Chinese Taiwanese Hakka Formosan Area (km2) Population
District Bade 八德區 Pat-tek Pat-tet 33.71 187,848
Daxi 大溪區 Tāi-khe Thai-hâi 105.14 93,388
Dayuan 大園區 Tōa-hn̂g Thai-yèn 87.39 85,667
Guanyin 觀音區 Koan-im Kôn-yîm 87.98 64,845
Guishan 龜山區 Ku-soaⁿ Kuî-sân 72.01 145,706
Longtan 龍潭區 Liông-thâm Liùng-thâm 75.23 118,648
Luzhu 蘆竹區 Lô·-tek Lù-tsuk 75.50 155,626
Pingzhen 平鎮區 Pêng-tìn Phìn-tsṳ́n 47.75 218,290
Taoyuan 桃園區 Thô-hn̂g Thò-yèn 34.80 427,815
Xinwu 新屋區 Sin-ok Sîn-vuk 85.02 48,469
Yangmei 楊梅區 Iûⁿ-mûi Yông-muì 89.12 161,301
Zhongli 中壢區 Tiong-le̍k Chûng-la̍k 76.52 390,251
Mountain
indigenous
district		 Fuxing 復興區 Ho̍k-heng Fu̍k-hîn PyasanAtayal 350.78 10,932

Colors indicate the common language status of Hakka and Formosan languages within each division.

Prior to its upgrade to become municipality on 25 December 2014, Taoyuan County used to have 6 county-administered cities (Bade, Luzhu, Pingzhen, Taoyuan, Yangmei, Zhongli), 1 urban township (Daxi), 5 rural townships (Dayuan, Guanyin, Guishan, Longtan, Xinwu), and 1 Mountain indigenous township (Fuxing).

Tourism

File:Taoyuan city cropped.jpg
Overview of downtown Taoyuan

Shimen Reservoir

Shihmen Reservoir is one of Taiwan's major reservoirs. Once the largest water conservancy project in Southeast Asia, visitors may find many restaurants open near the reservoir serving fresh reservoir fish delicacies. There is also a three-kilometre-long (1.9 mi) bikeway surrounding the back pond. Shimen Reservoir provides almost all of the water in Taoyuan, as well as to New Taipei City's Xinzhuang, Banqiao, and Linkou districts.

Daxi Old Street

Daxi Old Street is one of the more famous Taiwanese old streets. It used to be a bustling hub for camphor and the tea trade, filled with diverse stores with façades designed in a Baroque style. The street also has the Daxi Wood Art Ecomuseum, which includes buildings such as Daxi Butokuden and Lee Teng-fan's Ancient Residence.

Cihu Mausoleum

Cihu Mausoleum is the final resting place of the former president of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek.

Window on China Theme Park

The Window on China Theme Park is one of Taiwan's earliest theme parks, established in 1984. The park consists of three areas: Mini World, Water Park, and Amusement Park. The park features numerous small-scale replicas of many famous world landmarks.

Lala Mountain

Lala Mountain is one of Taiwan's "natural protection zones," including 500- to 2,800-year-old divine trees and the "No. 5 Divine Tree," which predates Confucius.

Furen Temple

Furen Temple was established in 1813, dedicated to Kai Zhang Sheng Wang and the temple is located along Daxi Old Street in Daxi District.

Tianhou Temple

Tianhou Temple was established in 1826, and is located in Xinwu District. The temple built a magnificent bronze statue of Goddess Mazu in 2002, which is the 2nd-tallest statue of Mazu in Taiwan and the 3rd-tallest in the world.

Taoyuan Martyrs' Shrine

Taoyuan Martyrs' Shrine is one of the best-kept Shinto shrines outside Japan.

Longgang Mosque

The Longgang Mosque in Zhongli District is Taiwan's fifth mosque. It was originally built in 1967 to serve an area with many Taiwanese Muslims.

Taoyuan Aquarium X PARK

X PARK is a public aquarium operated by Yokohama Hakkeijima. The Taiwanese sea-themed tank "Formosa" is popular.

Government and politics

File:Taoyuan City Hall 20141229a.jpg
Taoyuan City Government
File:桃園縣桃園市民代表會 20120530.jpg
Taoyuan City Council

Mayor

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Further information: Mayor of Taoyuan
Cheng Wen-tsan, the incumbent Mayor of Taoyuan.

In 2001, Eric Chu of the Kuomintang defeated Democratic Progressive Party incumbent Peng Shao-Chin in the race for Taoyuan County magistrate. Peng had inherited the magistrate position after Annette Lu vacated the post to serve as vice president. Chu ran for re-election in 2005 and defeated DPP challenger Pao-Ching Cheng, CEO of the Taiwan Salt Company.

In 2009, John Wu of the KMT defeated his DPP opponent, Cheng Wen-tsan and became the Magistrate of Taoyuan County.

After the upgrade of Taoyuan County to Taoyuan City, Cheng Wen-tsan of the DPP won the 2014 Taoyuan City mayoralty election, on 29 November 2014, and became the city's first mayor, starting 25 December 2014.[23]

Presidential elections

1996 presidential election

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Main article: 1996 Taiwanese presidential election

A majority of Taoyuan County residents voted for eventual winner Lee Teng-hui and vice president Lien Chan.

2000 presidential election

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Main article: 2000 Taiwanese presidential election
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
President Vice President
Independent James Soong Chang Chau-Hsiung 413,370 43.83%
Kuomintang Lien Chan Vincent Siew 208,881 22.15%
New Party Li Ao Elmer Fung 1,140 0.12%
Independent Hsu Hsin-liang Josephine Chu 20,581 2.18%
Democratic Progressive Party Chen Shui-bian Annette Lu 299,120 31.72%

2004 Presidential election

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Main article: 2004 Taiwanese presidential election
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
President Vice President
Democratic Progressive Party Chen Shui-Bian Annette Lu 448,770 44.68%
Kuomintang Lien Chan James Soong 555,688 55.32%

2008 presidential election

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Main article: 2008 Taiwanese presidential election
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
President Vice President
Democratic Progressive Party Frank Hsieh Su Tseng-Chang 379,416 35.36%
Kuomintang Ma Ying-jeou Vincent Siew 693,602 64.64%

2012 presidential election

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Main article: 2012 Taiwanese presidential election
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
President Vice President
Democratic Progressive Party Tsai Ing-Wen Su Jia-chyuan 445,308 39.85%
Kuomintang Ma Ying-jeou Wu Den-yih 639,151 57.20%
Independent (or seen as PFP) James Soong Lin Ruey-shiung 32,927 2.95%

2016 presidential election

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Main article: 2016 Taiwanese presidential election
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
President Vice President
Democratic Progressive Party Tsai Ing-Wen Chen Chien-jen 547,573 51.03%
Kuomintang Eric Chu Wang Ju-hsuan 369,013 34.39
People First Party James Soong Hsu Hsin-ying 156,518 14.59

2020 presidential election

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Main article: 2020 Taiwanese presidential election
Party Candidate Votes Percentage
President Vice President
Democratic Progressive Party Tsai Ing-Wen William Lai 718,260 54.78%
Kuomintang Han Kuo-yu Chang San-cheng 529,749 40.40%
People First Party James Soong Sandra Yu 63,132 4.81%

Education

National Central University
National Defense University
Army Academy R.O.C.

Public universities

Private universities

Military Academies

Public high schools

Junior high schools

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Further information: Education in Taoyuan City

Elementary schools

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Further information: Education in Taoyuan City

Industry and environment

A former RCA facility is located in the city. The RCA facility is the source of significant trichloroethylene contamination.

Sports

Taoyuan International Baseball Field.

The Taoyuan International Baseball Stadium is home to the Rakuten Monkeys of the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL).

The Taoyuan County Stadium, built in 1993, is a multi-use stadium used mostly for football matches that also has an athletics track. The stadium has a capacity of 30,000 spectators.[26] It is within walking distance southwest from Taoyuan Senior High School Station of the Taiwan Railway Administration.

The Taoyuan Arena, also built in 1993, is an indoor sporting arena located in Taoyuan District. The concept of its roof structure was based on the bicycle structure, the outer ring (to bear pressure) and inner tire (to bear tensile strength) of the bicycle wheels are connected by cable wires. It occupies an area of 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres) with a capacity of 15,000 spectators.[27] It is used to host indoor sporting events, such as basketball and volleyball.

The then-Taoyuan County is also the birthplace of Taiwanese professional golfer Yani Tseng and taekwondo athlete Chu Mu-Yen.

Recent major sporting events held by Taoyuan include:

Notable person

Transportation

TRA Taoyuan Station
THSR Taoyuan Station
Taoyuan International Airport
The Skytrain shuttles passengers between Terminals 1 and 2, Taoyuan International Airport.

Rail

Taiwan Railways Administration Western Line（Taoyuan - Neili - Zhongli - Puxin - Yangmei - Fugang - Xinfu）
Taoyuan Station is located at the Qingpu (青埔) area, in Zhongli District.

Mass Rapid Transit

The rapid transit system of the city is Taoyuan Metro and is operational since April 2017.

  • Lines and stations of the Taoyuan MRT System:
Line Termini Length (km) Total
Length (km)		 Status
Taoyuan Airport MRT Taipei Huanbei 51.03 53.09 In operation
Huanbei Zhongli 2.06 Under construction
Zhongli Zhongli Sports Park TBD Planning
Green Main Line Bade Kengkou 27.8 39.33 Under construction
Hengshan
Zhongli Extension Bade Zhongli Sports Park 7.2 Planning
Daxi Extension Bade Puding 4.33 Planning
Orange Taoyuan-Pingzhen Line Taoyuan Arena TBD 21 29 Planning
Pingzhen-Longtan Line TBD Longtan 8 Planning
Brown Main Line Taoyuan Huilong 11.38 15.28 Planning
Urban Extension Taoyuan Zhonglu 3.9 Planning
New Taipei Metro:
Sanying Line		 Dingpu Yingtao Fude 14.29 18.17 Under Construction
Yingtao Fude Da'nan 3.88 Planning

Road

National Highway No. 1 and 3 are nearby and connect via local highways to the city itself. National Highway No. 2 connects to Taoyuan International Airport. Bridges in the city are Luofu Bridge.

Bus

  • Taoyuan Bus Co.[28] Script error: No such module "In lang".
  • Zhongli Bus Co.[29]

Air

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Main article: Taipei Taoyuan International Airport

Taipei Taoyuan International Airport at Dayuan District is the largest airport in Taiwan. It serves as the main international hub for China Airlines and EVA Air. Taipei Taoyuan handled a total of 25,114,418 passengers in 2010. It is the fifteenth-busiest air freight hub in the world and thirteenth-busiest airport by international passenger traffic. Taipei Taoyuan International Airport currently has two terminals which are connected by two, short people movers. A third terminal is planned, and a rapid transit system currently under construction will link the terminals together underground.

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

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See also

Notes

Words in native languages

References

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  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ "China Airlines Inaugurates CAL Park at Taoyuan Airport". Archived 14 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine China Airlines. 26 March 2010. Retrieved on 26 March 2010.
  15. ↑ "Evergreen Club". Archived 31 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine EVA Air. 24/28. Retrieved on 21 May 2009.
  16. ↑ "Contact Us". Evergreen Aviation Technologies Corp. Retrieved on 29 September 2009. Archived 5 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ↑ "Contact Us" Archived 5 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Evergreen Airlines Services Corporation. Retrieved on 29 September 2009.
  18. ↑ "Company Location". Archived 22 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine Evergreen Air Cargo Services Corporation. Retrieved on 29 September 2009.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

  • Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons
  • Taoyuan, Taiwan travel guide from Wikivoyage
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  • Geographic data related to Taoyuan, Taiwan at OpenStreetMap

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