Tarsiiformes
| Tarsiiformes |
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|---|---|
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| Tarsius syrichta | |
Scientific classification  |
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Synapsida |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Tarsiiformes Gregory, 1915[1] |
| Families | |
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See text |
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Tarsiiformes are a group of primates that once ranged across Europe, northern Africa, Asia, and North America, but whose extant species are all found in the islands of Southeast Asia. Tarsiers (family Tarsiidae) are the only living members of the infraorder, and also include the extinct Tarsius eocaenus from the Eocene[2] and Tarsius thailandicus from the Miocene.[3] Two extinct genera, Xanthorhysis and Afrotarsius, are considered to be close relatives of the living tarsiers and are generally classified within Tarsiiformes, with the former grouped within family Tarsiidae and the latter listed as incertae sedis (undefined).[2] Omomyids are generally considered to be extinct relatives, or even ancestors, of the living tarsiers and are often classified within Tarsiiformes. Other fossil primates, which include Microchoeridae, Carpolestidae,[4] and Eosimiidae,[5] have been included in this classification, although the fossil evidence is debated. Eosimiidae has also been classified under the infraorder Simiiformes (with monkeys and apes).[6] Likewise, Carpolestidae is often classified within the order Plesiadapiformes, a very close, extinct relative of primates.[7] These conflicting classifications lie at the heart of the debate over early primate evolution. Even the placement of Tarsiiformes within suborder Haplorhini (with the monkeys and apes") is still debated.[2][8]
Classification
Generally accepted members of this infraorder include the living tarsiers,[1] the extinct omomyids, two extinct fossil genera, and two extinct fossil species within the genus Tarsius.[2] As haplorhines, they are more closely related to monkeys and apes than to the strepsirrhine primates, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorises.
- Order Primates
- Suborder Strepsirrhini: lemurs, lorises, and galagos
- Suborder Haplorhini
- Infraorder Simiiformes: monkeys and apes
- Infraorder Tarsiiformes[N 1]
- Family †Omomyidae[N 2]
- Family Tarsiidae: tarsiers
- Genus †Afrotarsius[N 3]
- Genus †Xanthorhysis
- Genus Tarsius
- Genus Cephalopachus
- Genus Carlito[N 4]
Footnotes
- ↑ Other taxa that are thought to belong to Tarsiiformes but are yet unranked include Ekgmowechashala, Kohatius, Altanius, and Altiatlasius.[2]
- ↑ The placement of this taxon is still under debate.
- ↑ Alternatively, this genus is sometimes listed in the family Afrotarsiidae within Tarsiiformes[4] or as a family within the infraorder Simiiformes.[6]
- ↑ In 2010, Colin Groves and Myron Shekelle suggested splitting the living tarsiers into three genera: Tarsius, Cephalopachus, and Carlito.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 McKenna, M.C., and Bell, S.K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 337–340 pp. ISBN 0-231-11013-8
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Fleagle, J. G. 1999. Primate Adaptation and Evolution. San Diego, Academic Press.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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