Temes County
| Temes County Temes vármegye Komitat Temes Comitatul Timiș Tamiška županija |
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| County of the Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary | |||||
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Coat of arms |
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| Capital | Temesvár (Romanian: Timișoara) Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. |
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| History | |||||
| • | Established | 11th century | |||
| • | dissolution of Austria-Hungary | November 1918 16th century 18th century-1918 |
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| Area | |||||
| • | 1910 | 7,433 km2 (2,870 sq mi) | |||
| Population | |||||
| • | 1910 | 500,835 | |||
| Density | 67.4 /km2 (174.5 /sq mi) | ||||
| Today part of |  Romania Serbia |
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| Timișoara is the current name of the capital. | |||||
Temes (Hungarian: Temes, Romanian: Timiș, Serbian: Tamiš or Тамиш, German: Temes or Temesch) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary. Its territory is now in southwestern Romania and northern Serbia (eastern Vojvodina). The capital of the county was Timișoara (Hungarian: Temesvár, Serbian: Temišvar or Темишвар, German: Temeswar or Temeschwar).
Geography
Temes county was located in the Banat region. It shared borders with the Kingdom of Serbia and the Hungarian counties of Torontál, Arad and Krassó-Szörény. The river Danube formed its southern border, and the river Mureș (Hungarian: Maros, Serbian: Moriš) its northern border. The river Timiș flowed through the county. Its area in 1910 was 7,433 km².
History
Temes County was formed in the 11th century. The area was taken by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century and the county was abolished. This territory was then included into the Ottoman Province of Temeşvar. After the Banat was captured by the Habsburgs in 1718, the area was included into the Banat of Temeswar, a separate Habsburg province. This province was abolished in 1778, and the county of Temes was restored. It was incorporated into Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary.
Between 1849 and 1860, the area of the county was part of Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, a separate Austrian crown land. During this time, the county did not existed since voivodeship was divided into districts. Temes County was re-established in the 1860s, when the area was again incorporated into the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary.
In 1918, the county first became part of the newly formed Banat Republic, and then was divided between Romania and the also newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, which was confirmed at the Paris Peace Conference. A majority of the county was assigned to Romania, while the south-western third was assigned to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929).
The Yugoslav part of the pre-1918 Temes County (the southern Banat region) is part of the Serbian autonomous region of Vojvodina. The Romanian part is now part of Timiș County, except a 10 km wide strip along the Mureș River, which is in the Romanian Arad County.
Demographics
1900
In 1900, the county had a population of 476,242 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:[1]
Total:
- German: 171,087 (35,9%)
- Romanian: 167,523 (35,2%)
- Serbian: 64,902 (13,6%)
- Hungarian: 58,153 (12,2%)
- Slovak: 2,977 (0,6%)
- Croatian: 387 (0,1%)
- Ruthenian: 79 (0,0%)
- Other or unknown: 11,134 (2,4%)
According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:[2]
Total:
- Eastern Orthodox: 223,247 (46,9%)
- Roman Catholic: 209,690 (44,0%)
- Greek Catholic: 12,360 (2,6%)
- Lutheran: 11,993 (2,5%)
- Jewish: 9,745 (2,1%)
- Calvinist: 8,712 (1,8%)
- Unitarian: 111 (0,0%)
- Other or unknown: 384 (0,0%)
1910
In 1910, the county had a population of 500,835 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:[3]
Total:
- Romanian: 169,030 (33,8%)
- German: 165,883 (33,1%)
- Hungarian: 79,960 (16,0%)
- Serbian: 69,905 (14,0%)
- Slovak: 3,080 (0,6%)
- Croatian: 350 (0,0%)
- Ruthenian: 30 (0,0%)
- Other or unknown: 12,597 (2,5%)
According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities:[4]
Total:
- Eastern Orthodox: 232,057 (46,3%)
- Roman Catholic: 221,175 (44,2%)
- Lutheran: 13,611 (2,7%)
- Greek Catholic: 12,381 (2,5%)
- Calvinist: 11,135 (2,2%)
- Jewish: 9,734 (1,9%)
- Unitarian: 160 (0,0%)
- Other or unknown: 582 (0,1%)
Subdivisions
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Temes county were:
| Districts (járás) | |
|---|---|
| District | Capital |
| Buziasfürdő | Buziasfürdő (Romanian: Buziaş) |
| Csák | Csák (Romanian: Ciacova) |
| Detta | Detta (Romanian: Deta) |
| Fehértemplom | Fehértemplom (Serbian: Bela Crkva) |
| Kevevára | Kevevára (Serbian: Kovin) |
| Központ | Temesvár (Romanian: Timişoara) |
| Lippa | Lippa (Romanian: Lipova) |
| Temesrékas | Temesrékas (Romanian: Recaș) |
| Újarad | Újarad (Romanian: Aradu Nou) |
| Versec | Versec (Serbian: Vršac) |
| Vinga | Vinga (Romanian: Vinga) |
| Urban counties (törvényhatósági jogú város) | |
| Temesvár (Romanian: Timişoara) | |
| Versec (Serbian: Vršac) | |
| Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) | |
| Fehértemplom (Serbian: Bela Crkva) | |
The towns of Vršac, Bela Crkva, and Kovin are now in Serbia; the other towns mentioned are now in Romania.
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Temes County. |
- Commons category link is defined as the pagename
- 16th-century disestablishments
- States and territories disestablished in 1918
- Counties in the Kingdom of Hungary
- Medieval history of Vojvodina
- Vojvodina under Habsburg rule
- Medieval Serbia
- Serbia under Habsburg rule
- History of Banat
- Transylvania in the Kingdom of Hungary
- States and territories established in the 11th century
- States and territories established in the 18th century
- 11th-century establishments in Europe
