Template:Infobox sodium

Sodium,  ₁₁Na

Spectral lines of sodium
General properties
Name, symbol	sodium, Na
Appearance	silvery white metallic
Pronunciation	/ˈsoʊdiəm/ SOH-dee-əm
Sodium in the periodic table
Li ↑ Na ↓ K neon ← sodium → magnesium
Atomic number (Z)	11
Group, block	group 1 (alkali metals), s-block
Period	period 3
Element category	alkali metal
Standard atomic weight (±) (Ar)	22.98976928(2)
Electron configuration	[Ne] 3s1
per shell	2, 8, 1
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Melting point	370.944 K ​(97.794 °C, ​208.029 °F)
Boiling point	1156.090 K ​(882.940 °C, ​1621.292 °F)
Density near r.t.	0.968 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	0.927 g/cm3
Critical point	2573 K, 35 MPa (extrapolated)
Heat of fusion	2.60 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	97.42 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	28.230 J/(mol·K)
vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 554 617 697 802 946 1153
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+1, −1 ​(a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 0.93
Ionization energies	1st: 495.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 4562 kJ/mol 3rd: 6910.3 kJ/mol (more)
Atomic radius	empirical: 186 pm
Covalent radius	166±9 pm
Van der Waals radius	227 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	​body-centered cubic (bcc)
Speed of sound thin rod	3200 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	71 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	142 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	47.7 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	10 GPa
Shear modulus	3.3 GPa
Bulk modulus	6.3 GPa
Mohs hardness	0.5
Brinell hardness	0.69 MPa
CAS Number	7440-23-5
History
Discovery and first isolation	Humphry Davy (1807)
Most stable isotopes of sodium
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 22Na trace 2.602 y β+→γ 0.5454 22Ne* 1.27453(2) 22Ne ε→γ – 22Ne* 1.27453(2) 22Ne β+ 1.8200 22Ne 23Na 100% 23Na is stable with 12 neutrons
* = excited state

References

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