The Unbearable Lightness of Being (film)

The Unbearable Lightness of Being
File:Unbearable lightness of being poster.jpg Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Philip Kaufman
Produced by	Bertil Ohlsson Paul Zaentz Saul Zaentz
Screenplay by	Jean-Claude Carrière Philip Kaufman
Based on	The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera
Starring	Daniel Day-Lewis Juliette Binoche Lena Olin Derek de Lint Erland Josephson Pavel Landovský Donald Moffat Daniel Olbrychski Stellan Skarsgård
Music by	Mark Adler
Cinematography	Sven Nykvist
Edited by	Walter Murch
Production company	The Saul Zaentz Company
Distributed by	Orion Pictures
Release dates	February 5, 1988 (1988-02-05)
Running time	171 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$17,000,000
Box office	$10,006,806

The Unbearable Lightness of Being is a 1988 American film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Milan Kundera, published in 1984. Director Philip Kaufman and screenwriter Jean-Claude Carrière portray the effect on Czechoslovak artistic and intellectual life during the 1968 Prague Spring of socialist liberalization preceding invasion by Soviet led Warsaw Pact and subsequent coup that ushered in hard-line communism. It portrays the moral, political, and psycho-sexual consequences for three bohemian friends: a surgeon, and two female artists with whom he has a sexual relationship.

Plot

Charismatic Czech brain surgeon Tomas (Daniel Day-Lewis), a successful lothario in Communist Czechoslovakia is pursuing a love/hate affair with Sabina (Lena Olin), an equally care-free artist in Prague. One day, Dr Tomas makes a long distance call to a spa town for a specialized surgery. There, he meets dissatisfied waitress Tereza (Juliette Binoche), who desires intellectual stimulation. She tracks him down in Prague and cohabits with him, complicating Tomas's extra-domestic sexual affairs.

Tomas asks Sabina to help Tereza find work as a photographer. Tereza is fascinated and jealous as she grasps that Sabina and Tomas are lovers, but has a somewhat lesbian affection for Sabina. Nevertheless, Tomas marries Tereza, in a simple ceremony with both perputually laughing, followed by her double standard distress about Tomas' polyamory. Although she considers leaving Tomas, she becomes more attached to Tomas when Soviet Army tanks invade Czechoslovakia. Amidst the confusion, Tereza photographs demonstrations against the Soviet forces and victims, then hands the rolls of film to foreigners to smuggle to the West. Facing the stultifying reality that replaced the Prague Spring, Tomas, Sabina and Tereza flee Czechoslovakia for Switzerland: first Sabina, then the hesitant Tomas and Tereza.

In Geneva, Sabina meets Franz (Derek de Lint), a married university professor: they begin a love affair. After some time, he decides to abandon his wife and family for her. After hearing the declaration, Sabina abandons Franz, feeling he would emotionally weigh her down. Meanwhile, Tereza and Tomas attempt to adapt to Switzerland, whose people Tereza finds inhospitable. When she discovers that Tomas continues womanizing, she leaves him and returns to Czechoslovakia. Upset by her leaving, Tomas follows Tereza to Czechoslovakia, where his passport is confiscated, trapping him in-country: nevertheless, his return elates Tereza. They are re-united.

In Prague, Tomas has resumed his brain surgeon position, but having written a scathing article criticizing the Soviet-backed Czech régime before the invasion, berating them for claiming ignorance of Soviet political purges but seeming unremorseful, noting Oedipus Rex plucked out his eyes upon understanding his crime, but the autocractic figures haven't, has rendered him a political anomaly and has jepopardized his re-employment. The régime demands his signature to a letter repudiating the article, claiming that Tomas' article fueled the anti-communist sentiment. Tomas refuses and is presumably black-listed from practising medicine. Tomas is apparently a window washer, and is recognized by the daughter of a high-ranking official, aware of her family connection, brazenly does his trademark "take off your clothes" line that is successful in examining a "pain in her back".

As a waitress, Tereza meets an engineer who propositions her. Aware of Tomas's infidelity, she encounters a one-time and passionless sexual liaison with the engineer. Remorseful, she fears the engineer might have been a secret agent for the régime, who might denounce her and Tomas. She contemplates suicide at a canal bank; by chance Tomas is passing by, and woos her back.

Stressed by insubstantial city life, Tereza convinces Tomas to leave Prague for the country: they go to a village where an old patient of Tomas's welcomes them. In the village, they live an idyllic life, far from the political intrigues of Prague. In contrast, Sabina has gone to the US, where she continues with the detached bohemian style of life. Later, Sabina is shocked by the letter telling of the fate of Tereza and Tomas in a fatal traffic accident while returning after drinking in a tavern. Their lightness no longer unbearable, Tereza and Tomas were deeply satisfied as they drove towards death.

Production

The film was an American production with American director, Philip Kaufman, but it features a largely European cast, including Daniel Day-Lewis (British), Juliette Binoche (French), Lena Olin and Stellan Skarsgård (Swedish), Pavel Landovský (Czech) and Derek de Lint (Dutch). It was filmed in France as opposed to the plot setting: in the scenes depicting the Soviet invasion, archival footage is combined with new material shot in Lyon. The scene in which Tomas is seduced by a woman while cleaning windows was shot in the then unrestored Hôtel de Beauvais in the 4th arrondissement of Paris (now the Administrative Appeal Court).

Cast

• Daniel Day-Lewis as Tomas
• Juliette Binoche as Tereza
• Lena Olin as Sabina
• Derek de Lint as Franz
• Erland Josephson as Ambassador
• Pavel Landovský as Pavel
• Donald Moffat as Chief Surgeon
• Tomek Bork as Jiri
• Daniel Olbrychski as Interior Ministry Official
• Stellan Skarsgård as The Engineer
• Bruce Myers as Czech Editor
• Pavel Slaby as Pavel's Nephew
• Pascale Kalensky as Nurse Katja
• Jacques Ciron as Swiss Restaurant Manager
• Anne Lonnberg as Swiss Photographer
• Clovis Cornillac as the Boy in the Bar

Adaptation

Kundera served as an active (but uncredited) consultant during the making of the film. Kundera wrote the poem that Tomas whispers into Tereza's ear as she is falling asleep specifically for the film. However, in a note to the Czech edition of the book, Kundera remarks that the movie had very little to do with the spirit either of the novel or the characters in it. In the same note Kundera goes on to say that after this experience he no longer allows any adaptations of his work. Many critics have focused on how much of the book was successfully captured, or could be captured, on film: however, some commentators, such as Cattrysse Patrick, have argued that the film must be viewed in a different light, with the book as only one source of inspiration.

Reception

The film garnered high praise from critics. Rotten Tomatoes rates The Unbearable Lightness of Being as 94% "fresh" (positive). The American Film Institute lists it as one of the top 100 love stories in American Cinema. Jean-Claude Carrière and Philip Kaufman were nominated at the Academy Awards for Best Adapted Screenplay.

Home media

A digitally restored version of the film was released on DVD by The Criterion Collection in November 1999. The release includes audio commentary by director Philip Kaufman, co-writer Jean-Claude Carrière, editor Walter Murch and actress Lena Olin. It was re-released on DVD by Warner Home Video as a 2-disc special edition on February 28, 2006.

Soundtrack

The film makes use of music by Leoš Janáček and also Marta Kubišová singing "Hey Jude" in Czech.

References

• The Unbearable Lightness of Being at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Unbearable Lightness of Being in AFI list

External links

• The Unbearable Lightness of Being at IMDb
• The Unbearable Lightness of Being at Box Office Mojo
• Criterion Collection essay by Michael Sragow
• Movie Stills at Virtual History
• Excerpt about the film by film scholar Annette Insdorf from her book, Philip Kaufman