Thomas Bent

The Honourable Sir Thomas Bent KCMG
22nd Premier of Victoria
In office 16 February 1904 – 8 January 1909
Preceded by	William Irvine
Succeeded by	John Murray
6th Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
In office 11 May 1892 – September 1894
Preceded by	Matthew Davies
Succeeded by	Graham Berry
Member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly for Brighton
In office 1 November 1900 – 17 September 1909
Preceded by	William Moule
Succeeded by	Oswald Snowball
In office 16 March 1871 – 4 September 1894
Preceded by	George Higinbotham
Succeeded by	William Moule
Personal details
Born	7 December 1838 Penrith, New South Wales
Died	Brighton, Victoria, Australia
Nationality	Australian
Spouse(s)	Hannah Hall & Elizabeth Huntly
Occupation	Land speculator and developer

Sir Thomas Bent KCMG (7 December 1838 – 17 September 1909), Australian politician, was the 22nd Premier of Victoria. He was one of the most colourful and corrupt politicians in Victorian history.

Early life

Bent was born in Penrith, New South Wales the eldest of four sons and two daughters of James Bent, a hotel-keeper. He came to Melbourne with his parents in 1849. He went to school in the Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy, later becoming a market-gardener in East Brighton. In 1861 he became a rate collector for the town council of Brighton, then a fast-growing suburb. He soon began buying and selling land in Brighton, and became a property developer in new areas fairly close by, such as Moorabbin. He developed the suburb of Bentleigh, named after himself. He was a member of both Brighton and Moorabbin town councils and was Mayor of Brighton nine times.

State politics

In 1871 Bent was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly for the district of Brighton, defeating the veteran liberal George Higinbotham "to the amazement of every one". He had no particular party loyalties and first held office in the Service government in 1880. He was Commissioner for Works and Railways in Sir Bryan O'Loghlen's government in 1881–1883, and used this position to extend the railway line from Caulfield to Cheltenham, thus enormously increasing the value of his own property developments. His lifelong reputation for corruption dates from this period. The exposure of Bent's dealings led to the defeat of O'Loghlen's government at the 1883 elections.

After this debacle Bent spent 18 years on the backbench, concentrating on his property dealings. His fortunes suffered a reversal in 1888 when a bad investment in Ringwood caused the collapse of the Thomas Bent Land Co., but he soon recovered and became a leading player in the great Land Boom that reached its climax in 1890. For instance, in 1884 Bent purchased property in Exhibition Street for 1488 pounds and on the same day resold it for 2000 pounds. In 1892 he surprised his critics by being elected Speaker as part of a complex political deal. A newspaper asked: "Why is Speaker Bent the first commoner in the land? Because no-one commoner than Bent can be found." There was an element of snobbery in this. Bent was the first Victorian Premier with a strong Australian accent, and was held in contempt by the Anglo-Scottish Melbourne establishment.

In the severe crash that followed the boom Bent was almost bankrupted, with debts of 80,000 pounds. He had transferred many of his assets to his wife's name and this saved him from bankruptcy. At the election which followed the fall of James Patterson's government, Bent was defeated at Brighton. His fate was sealed when The Age published letters Bent had written as Railways Minister in 1881, offering MPs railways lines in their electorates in exchange for their votes.

Bent moved with his wife Elizabeth and their two daughters to Port Fairy, where he took up dairy farming. But he had not given up his political ambitions. In 1897 he unsuccessfully stood for Port Fairy, then in 1900 he moved back to Melbourne, and at the November 1900 election he was re-elected for Brighton. He completed his comeback by becoming once again Minister for Railways in William Irvine's conservative government. He was soon up to his old tricks, buying land in Brighton and then approving a tramline from St Kilda to Brighton that led right past his properties.

File:Tommybentstatue.JPG

"Tommy Bent's Statue" in Brighton

Despite his reputation, Bent was chosen as the new Liberal leader in Victoria when Irvine quit to go into federal politics in 1904, and thus became Premier at the age of 66. By this time Bent had grown very fat and his jovial manner, together with Victoria's gradual recovery from the 1890s depression, gained him renewed popularity. In addition to being premier, Bent had the portfolios of public works and railways. Much legislation was passed relating to improvements in public health, education, old age pensions, and water conservation. At the June 1904 elections he won a comfortable majority, and did so again in 1907. His government favoured more state intervention in the economy than had 19th century liberal governments, and there was now agreement on the need for high tariffs to protect Victorian industry. His greatest boast was that he restored stability and prosperity to Victoria.

During 1908, however, Bent's government began to disintegrate as a result of conflict between country and city interests—a perennial problem for non-Labor governments in Victoria. A bloc of country members led by John Murray opposed Bent's Land Valuation Bill, and to appease them Bent withdrew the bill and appointed several of Murray's supporters to the ministry. But this antagonised Melbourne Liberals led by William Watt, and in January 1909 the various dissidents united to defeat Bent in the Assembly. Bent resigned and Murray became Premier.

Legacy

Bent died on 17 September 1909 at his home in Bay Street, Brighton. He had been made a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1908. He was given a state funeral and buried in Brighton Cemetery. He was married twice, to Miss Hall and to Miss Huntley. His estate was valued at 35,000 pounds, and most of this went to his daughter from his second marriage.

A statue of Bent (created by Margaret Baskerville and paid for by public subscription) was erected in 1913 on the Nepean Highway, Brighton. For many years "Tommy Bent's statue" was a well-known Melbourne landmark, which, at the time of the Victorian Football League grand final, would be decorated with a cap and scarf in the colours of the team that won the premiership. In the late 1960s the statue was regularly defaced by a bucket of usually white paint—perhaps a local New Year's Eve prank. The widening of the highway in the 1970s led to the statue being moved to a less prominent location near Bay Street, where it still is; and its landmark status has been lost.

References

• Geoff Browne, A Biographical Register of the Victorian Parliament, 1900–84, Government Printer, Melbourne, 1985
• Don Garden, Victoria: A History, Thomas Nelson, Melbourne, 1984
• Kathleen Thompson and Geoffrey Serle, A Biographical Register of the Victorian Parliament, 1856–1900, Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1972
• Raymond Wright, A People's Counsel. A History of the Parliament of Victoria, 1856–1990, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1992
• Margaret Glass, Thomas Bent- Land Booming Politician. Vict. Hist. Jour. Vol 64 p143-157.(1993)

External links

• Sir Thomas Bent (1838–1909) Gravesite at Brighton General Cemetery (Vic)

Political offices
Preceded by William Irvine	Premier of Victoria 1904–1909	Succeeded by John Murray
Victorian Legislative Assembly
Preceded by Matthew Davies	Speaker of the Victorian Legislative Assembly 1892–1894	Succeeded by Graham Berry
Preceded by George Higinbotham	Member for Brighton 1871–1894	Succeeded by William Moule
Preceded by William Moule	Member for Brighton 1900–1909	Succeeded by Oswald Snowball