Tiagabine
Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
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(R)-1-[4,4-Bis(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)but-3-enyl] piperidine-3-carboxylic acid
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Clinical data | |
Pronunciation | /taɪˈæɡəbiːn/ |
Trade names | Gabitril |
AHFS/Drugs.com | monograph |
MedlinePlus | a698014 |
Pregnancy category |
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Legal status | |
Routes of administration |
Oral |
Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 90% |
Protein binding | 96% |
Metabolism | Hepatic (CYP450 system) |
Biological half-life | 7-9 hours |
Excretion | Fecal and renal |
Identifiers | |
CAS Number | 115103-54-3 |
ATC code | N03AG06 (WHO) |
PubChem | CID: 60648 |
IUPHAR/BPS | 4685 |
DrugBank | DB00906 |
ChemSpider | 54661 |
UNII | Z80I64HMNP |
KEGG | D08588 |
ChEBI | CHEBI:9586 |
ChEMBL | CHEMBL1027 |
Chemical data | |
Formula | C20H25NO2S2 |
Molecular mass | 375.55 g/mol |
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Tiagabine (brand name Gabitril) is an anticonvulsive medication. The medication is also used in the treatment of panic disorder, as are a few other anticonvulsants.[citation needed] It is produced by Cephalon
Contents
Medical uses
Tiagabine is approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as an adjunctive treatment for partial seizures in ages 12 and up. It may also be prescribed off-label by physicians to treat anxiety disorders and neuropathic pain (including fibromyalgia). For anxiety and neuropathic pain, tiagabine is used primarily to augment other treatments. Tiagabine may be used alongside SSRIs, SNRIs, or benzodiazepines for anxiety, or antidepressants, gabapentin, anticonvulsants or opiates for neuropathic pain.[1]
Side effects
Tiagabine's most common side effects include confusion, difficulty speaking clearly/stuttering, mild sedation, and in doses over 8 mg, a tingling sensation (paresthesia) in the body's extremities, particularly the hands and fingers. Tiagabine may induce seizures in those without epilepsy, especially if they are taking another drug which lowers the seizure threshold.[1]
Tiagabine overdose can produce neurologic symptoms such as lethargy, seizures (multiple), status epilepticus, seizure (single), coma, confusion, agitation, tremors, dizziness, dystonias/abnormal posturing, and hallucinations. Other symptoms of tiagabine overdose include respiratory depression, tachycardia, hypertension, and hypotension. Overdose may be fatal especially if the victim presents with severe respiratory depression and/or fails to respond to verbal and physical stimuli. Emergency medical services should be sought immediately for any overdose.[citation needed]
Pharmacology
Tiagabine increases the level of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system by blocking the GABA transporter and hence is classified as a GABA reuptake inhibitor.[2]
History
The drug was discovered at Novo Nordisk in Denmark in 1988 by a team of medicinal chemists and pharmacologists under the general direction of Claus Bræstrup.[3] The drug was co-developed with Abbott Laboratories, in a 40/60 cost sharing deal, with Abbott paying a premium for licensing the IP from the Danish company.[citation needed]
Abbott did initially embrace the drug enthusiastically after its US launch in 1998, and provided further clinical studies with the goal of gaining FDA approval for monotherapy in epilepsy. However, the senior management at Abbott drew back after realizing that the original deal with Novo would limit the company's financial gain from a monotherapy approval. After a period of co-promotion, Cephalon licensed tiagabine from Abbott/Novo and now is the exclusive producer.[citation needed]
See also
- SKF-89976A
- Deramciclane, another GABA re-uptake inhibitor
References
External links
- Gabitril (manufacturer's website)
- Pharmacology