Timeline of Hanoi

The following is a timeline of the history of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam:

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Prehistory

• c. 1000 BCE — The Bronze-Age Dong Son culture of the Lac people occupies the Red River valley

Van Lang

• c. 300 BCE — According to much later sources, the area of present-day Hanoi formed part of the Giao Chỉ region of Van Lang
• c. 258 BCE — The Âu Việt, united under the Shu emigrant Shu Pan (Thục Phán), invade and conquer Van Lang

Au Lac

• c. 257 BCE — Co Loa established by Shu Pan in the present city's Dong Anh district to serve as the capital of the unified kingdom of Au Lac

Qin Empire

• 214 BCE — The First Emperor begins his campaign against the Baiyue (Bách Việt) people of the south
• 208 BCE — General Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà) defeats Shu Pan and takes Co Loa, incorporating it into his Nanhai Commandery

Nanyue

• 204 BCE — Zhao Tuo declares his realm the independent kingdom of Nanyue (Nam Việt)
• 196 BCE — Lu Jia secures the nominal submission of Nanyue to Han
• 179 BCE — By this point, Nanyue's lands in the Red River valley have been organized as the commandery of Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ)

Han Empire

• 111 BCE — The commander of Jiaozhi submits to Han following Lu Bode's razing of the capital Panyu, remaining in his post and beginning the "First Northern Domination" of Vietnam.
• 208 CE — Longbian (Long Biên) erected in its eponymous district
• 226 — A Roman embassy arrives

Song Empire

• 454 x 464 — Songping (Tong Binh) established by the Liu Song on the south bank of the Red River in Hanoi's Tu Liem and Hoai Duc districts

Van Xuan

• 544 — Long Biên serves as the capital of Ly Bi's realm of Van Xuan

Tang Empire

• 621 — Longbian and Songping briefly elevated to prefectural status as Longzhou and Songzhou
• 722 — Songping falls to Mai Thúc Loan
• late 8th century — Zhang Boyi erects Luocheng (La Thành, "Enclosing Wall[ed City]") in the present city's Ba Dinh district
• early 9th century — Luocheng renamed Jincheng (Kim Thành, "Golden Wall[ed City]")
• 866 — Gao Pian, the local jiedushi, expands the fortress at Jincheng and renames it Da Luocheng (Đại La Thành, "Big Enclosing Wall[ed City]")

Dai Viet

• 1010 — Luocheng renamed Thang Long with the erection of its Imperial Citadel and dedication as the capital of the Lý Dynasty.
• Quán Thánh Temple built.
• 1049 — One Pillar Pagoda built.
• 1070 — Temple of Literature built.
• 1076 — Imperial Academy established.

Medieval period

• 1225 — City becomes capital of the Trần Dynasty.
• 15th century — Temple of the Jade Mountain and Quán Sứ Temple built.
• 1408 — City renamed Dōngguān (Chinese: 東關, "Eastern Gateway"; Đông Quan in Vietnamese) by the Chinese Ming Dynasty.
• 1573 — "Foggy Lake" renamed West Lake.
• 1615 — Trấn Quốc Pagoda relocated to West Lake.
• 1656 — Láng Temple renovated.
• 1686 — Perfume Pagoda expanded.
• 1730s — Trúc Lâm Palace built at Trúc Bạch Lake.
• 1802 — Vietnamese capital relocated to Huế.
• 1812 — Flag Tower built.
• 1831 — City renamed Hà Nội (河内, "Between Rivers" or "River Interior") by Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng.

French occupation

• 1873 — November 20: Francis Garnier of France takes citadel.
• 1874 — French concession granted per treaty.
• 1882 — French occupation begins.
• 1883
  • May 19: Battle of Cầu Giấy (Paper Bridge) fought near city.
  • August 15: Battle of Phủ Hoài fought near city.
• 1884 — L'Avenir du Tonkin French newspaper begins publication.
• 1886
  • Kinh Thien Palace built.
  • Turtle Tower built in Hoàn Kiếm Lake.
• 1887 — Banque de l'Indochine branch opens.
• 1888 — St. Joseph's Cathedral built.
• 1889 — City area expanded with land from Tho Xuong and Vinh Thuan districts.
• 1890
  • Steamboat begins operating on the Red River.
  • Racecourse opens.
• 1894 — Lanessan Hospital built for French military.
• 1898
  • Hỏa Lò Prison built.
  • Geological Museum established.
• 1900 — École française d'Extrême-Orient headquartered in Hanoi.
• 1902
  • City becomes capital of French Indochina.
  • Hanoi Railway Station opens.
  • Indochina Medical College founded.
  • Indo China Exposition Française et Internationale (world's fair) held.
  • Population: 150,000.
• 1903 — Long Biên Bridge constructed.
• 1906
  • Presidential Palace built.
  • University of Indochina established.
• 1908 — Collège du Protectorat established.
• 1910
  • Phùng Khoang Church built.
  • Museum of archaeology and ethnology organized.
• 1911 — Hanoi Opera House built.
• 1917
  • Indochinese Central Archives set up.
  • Bach Mai Airfield constructed.
• 1919 — Lycée Albert Sarraut and Bibliothèque Centrale Hanoi established.
• 1925 — Ecole des Beaux-arts d'Indochine opens.
• 1926 — Musee Louis Finot established.
• 1929 — March: Vietnamese Communist Party organized on Ham Long Street.
• 1930
  • Provisional Vietnamese Communist Party headquartered on Tho Nhuom Street.
  • Đồng tử quân youth scouting group formed.
• 1932 — Cửa Bắc Church built.
• 1934 — Hàm Long Church built.
• 1936
  • Gia Lam Airfield constructed.
  • Indochina Communist Party headquartered on Phung Hung Street.

Japanese occupation

• 1941 — December 7: Japanese occupation begins.
• 1942 — Hoan Long District (now Ba Đình District) becomes part of city.

French reoccupation

• 1945
  • Japanese occupation ends.
  • September 2: Ho Chi Minh reads the Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Ba Đình Square.
  • Vietnam National University and National Library of Vietnam established.
  • Voice of Vietnam begins broadcasting.
  • Tran Van Lai becomes mayor.
• 1946
  • March 2: National Assembly meets in the Great Theatre.
  • December 19: Battle of Hanoi begins.
• 1947 — February 17: Battle of Hanoi ends; French in power.
• 1951 — Hanoi National University of Education established.

Democratic Republic of Vietnam

• 1954
  • City becomes capital of independent North Vietnam.
  • People's Open Air Theatre active.
  • Hanoi Radio begins broadcasting.
• 1955 — College of Foreign Languages founded.
• 1956 — Vietnam School of Music, University of Agriculture and Forestry, and Hanoi University of Science and Technology established.
• 1958
  • National Museum of Vietnamese History established.
  • Thanh Niên Road constructed between Trúc Bạch Lake and West Lake.
• 1959
  • Vietnam Museum of Revolution, Hanoi University of Foreign Studies, and Electricity Water Resources Academy established.
  • Vietnam Military History Museum inaugurated.
• 1960 — Foreign Trade University and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi established.
• 1961
  • Cultural College of Hanoi established.
  • School of Public Administration in operation.
• 1962 — National Archives Center #1 established.
• 1965 — Residents begin evacuating city on threat of airstrikes by United States forces.
• 1966
  • June 29: Aerial bombing outside city by United States forces.
  • Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts inaugurated.
  • Le Quy Don Technical University established.
• 1967
  • Aerial bombing by U.S.; air battles between U.S. and North Vietnamese forces.
  • D67 underground command bunker installed at Kinh Thien Palace.
• 1968 — Hànội mói newspaper in publication.
• 1969 — Hanoi Architectural University and Foreign Language Specialized School established.
• 1970 — Vietnam Television begins broadcasting.
• 1972
  • April: Bombing by United States forces.
  • December: Aerial bombing by United States forces.
• 1974 — Central Secondary School of Archives and Office Skills established.
• 1975 — Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum inaugurated.
• 1976 — City becomes capital of Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
• 1978 — Noi Bai International Airport opens.
• 1979 — Population: 879,500.
• 1980 — Hanoi Institute of Theatre and Cinema founded.
• 1984 — Vietnam National Symphony Orchestra revived.
• 1985
  • Chương Dương Bridge built.
  • Hanoi – Amsterdam High School established.
• 1988 — Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre headquartered in Hanoi.
• 1989 — Population: 1,089,760.
• 1990 — Ho Chi Minh Museum established.
• 1992 — Population: 1,073,760.
• 1993
  • Vietnam War Memorial erected.
  • Hanoi University of Science in operation.
  • Mai art gallery opens.
• 1995
  • Institut de la Francophonie pour l'Informatique founded.
  • Vietnamese Women's Museum dedicated.
• 1997
  • Vietnam Museum of Ethnology opens.
  • November: Organisation internationale de la Francophonie summit held.
• 1998
  • March 24: Turtle sighting in Hoàn Kiếm Lake.
  • Hàng Đẫy Stadium opens.
• 1999 — Population: 1,523,936.

21st century

• 2001 — Trang Tien Plaza (shopping center) in business.
• 2002 — National Archives Center #3 opens.
• 2003
  • Mỹ Đình National Stadium opens in Từ Liêm District.
  • November: City hosts meeting of Asian Network of Major Cities 21.
• 2005 — Hanoi Securities Trading Center launched.
• 2006
  • Vietnam National Convention Center built in Từ Liêm District.
  • FPT University established.
  • November: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting held.
• 2008
  • Hanoi Capital Region created to include 29 districts; population expands to 6,232,940.
  • Thanh Trì Bridge and Vĩnh Tuy Bridge constructed.
  • Ba Dinh Hall demolished.
• 2009 — October–November: 2009 Asian Indoor Games held.
• 2010
  • July: 2010 Asian Junior Athletics Championships held.
  • October: Millennial Anniversary of Hanoi.
  • Hanoi Museum opens.
• 2011 — Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower built.

See also

• Districts of Hanoi
• List of Buddhist temples in Hanoi
• List of historical capitals of Vietnam
• Media of Vietnam

Bibliography

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