Timeline of women's suffrage

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Women's suffrage in the world in 1908
Suffrage parade, New York City, May 6, 1912.

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Women's suffrage – the right of women to vote – has been achieved at various times in countries throughout the world. In many nations, women's suffrage was granted before universal suffrage, so women and men from certain classes or races were still unable to vote. Some countries granted it to both sexes at the same time.

This timeline lists years when women's suffrage was enacted. Some countries are listed more than once as the right was extended to more women according to age, land ownership, etc. In many cases, the first voting took place in a subsequent year.

Though it didn't achieve nationhood until 1907, New Zealand became the first self-governing colony in the world in which all women had the right to vote in, but not stand for, parliamentary elections in 1893, followed closely by the colony of South Australia in 1894 (which, unlike New Zealand, also allowed women to stand for Parliament).[1] In Sweden, conditional women's suffrage was granted during the age of liberty between 1718 and 1772.[2]

For other women's rights, see Timeline of women's rights (other than voting).

18th century

1700s

1718

  •  Sweden: Female taxpaying members of city guilds are allowed to vote in local city elections (rescinded in 1758) and national elections (rescinded in 1772): from 1734, female taxpaying property owners of legal majority are allowed to vote in local country side elections (never rescinded).[3]

1750s

1755

  •  Corsica (rescinded upon annexation by France in 1769)[4]

1756

1770s

1776

19th century

Portrait of an unknown New Zealand suffragette, Charles Hemus Studio Auckland, circa 1880. The sitter wears a white camellia and has cut off her hair, both symbolic of support for advancing women's rights.

1830s

1838

1850s

1856

1860s

1861

  • Australian colony of South Australia: limited to property-owning women for local elections; universal franchise achieved in 1894.

1862

  •  Sweden: limited to local elections with votes graded after taxation; universal franchise achieved in 1919, which went into effect at the 1921 elections.[7]

1863

1864

Statue of Esther Hobart Morris in front of the Wyoming State Capitol
  • Australian colony of Victoria: women were unintentionally enfranchised by the Electoral Act (1863), and proceeded to vote in the following year's elections. The Act was amended in 1865 to correct the error.[8]
  •  Kingdom of Bohemia: limited to taxpaying women and women in "learned professions" who were allowed to vote by proxy and made eligible for election to the legislative body in 1864.[7]

1869

1870s

1870

1880s

1881

  •  Isle of Man (British Crown dependency) (limited at first to women “freeholders” and then, a few years’ later, extended to include women “householders”).[12]

1884

1889

  • The municipality of Franceville in the New Hebrides (universal suffrage within its short existence.[14] Loses self-rule within months)

1890s

1893

Tribute to the Suffragettes, Christchurch, New Zealand
  •  New Zealand (first self-governing colony in the world in which all women are given the right to vote in parliamentary elections. Women were barred from standing for election until 1919).[15][16]
  •  Cook Islands (British protectorate) universal suffrage.[17]
  •  Colorado (U.S. state) (first state in the union to enfranchise women by popular vote)[18]

1894

1896

1899

20th century

1900s

1901

1902

1903

1905

1905

First Female Parliamentarians in the world were elected in Finland in 1907.

1906

The argument over women's rights in Victoria was lampooned in this Melbourne Punch cartoon of 1887

1908

1910s

1910

1911

1912

1913

1914

1915

This map appeared in the magazine Puck during the Empire State Campaign, a hard-fought referendum on a suffrage amendment to the New York State constitution; the referendum failed in 1915.

1916

1917

1918

1919

1920s

1920

1921

1922

1924

1925

1927

1928

1929

  •  Romania (limited to local elections only, with restrictions)[25]
  •  Puerto Rico (women given the right to vote)
  •  Ecuador (the right of women to vote is written into the Constitution)

1930s

1930

1931

  •  Ceylon
  •  Chile (limited to municipal level for female owners of real estate under Legislative Decree No. 320)
  •  Portugal (with restrictions following level of education)
  •  Spain (universal suffrage)

1932

1934

1935

1937

1938

1939

  •  El Salvador[16]
  •  Romania (women are granted suffrage on equal terms with men with restrictions on both men and women; in practice the restrictions affected women more than men)[28][29]

1940s

1940

1941

1942

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950s

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960s

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1967

1968

1970s

1970

1971

1972

  •  Bangladesh (suffrage granted upon its establishment)

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1980s

1980

1984

1985

1986

1989

1990s

1990

1996

1999

21st century

2000s

2001

2003

2005

2006

2010s

2015

Note: in some countries both men and women have limited suffrage. For example, in Brunei, which is a sultanate, there are no national elections, and voting exists only on local issues.[50] In the United Arab Emirates the rulers of the seven emirates each select a proportion of voters for the Federal National Council (FNC) that together account for about 12% of Emirati citizens.[48]

See also

References

  1. 'New Zealand women and the vote', URL: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/womens-suffrage, (Ministry for Culture and Heritage), updated 17 July 2014.
  2. Karlsson Sjögren, Åsa, Männen, kvinnorna och rösträtten: medborgarskap och representation 1723-1866 [Men, women and suffrage: citizenship and representation 1723-1866], Carlsson, Stockholm, 2006 (in Swedish)
  3. Karlsson Sjögren, Åsa, Männen, kvinnorna och rösträtten: medborgarskap och representation 1723-1866 [Men, women and suffrage: citizenship and representation 1723-1866], Carlsson, Stockholm, 2006 (in Swedish)
  4. Lucien Felli, "La renaissance du Paolisme". M. Bartoli, Pasquale Paoli, père de la patrie corse, Albatros, 1974, p. 29. "Il est un point où le caractère précurseur des institutions paolines est particulièrement accusé, c'est celui du suffrage en ce qu'il était entendu de manière très large. Il prévoyait en effet le vote des femmes qui, à l'époque, ne votaient pas en France."
  5. Lydia Chapin Taft Biography Womens Suffrage by Frances Stanford | Humanities 360
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  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 P. Orman Ray: Woman Suffrage in Foreign Countries. The American Political Science Review. Vol. 12, No. 3 (Aug., 1918), pp. 469-474
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  14. "Wee, Small Republics: A Few Examples of Popular Government," Hawaiian Gazette, Nov 1, 1895, p 1
  15. 'New Zealand women and the vote', URL: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/womens-suffrage, (Ministry for Culture and Heritage), updated 17-Jul-2014
  16. 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Women's Suffrage
  17. 'World suffrage timeline', URL: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/politics/womens-suffrage/world-suffrage-timeline, (Ministry for Culture and Heritage), updated 5-Aug-2015
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  21. http://www.aanioikeus.fi/en/articles/strike.htm
  22. Bourdiol, Julien (1908), Condition internationale des Nouvelles-Hebrides, p 106
  23. See article 4 of the 1918 constitution of the R.S.F.S.R..
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  31. (Italian) Extension to the women of the right to vote
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  33. Gregory Hammond, The Women's Suffrage Movement and Feminism in Argentina From Roca to Peron (U of New Mexico Press; 2011)
  34. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  35. http://www.everyculture.com/Ma-Ni/Netherlands-Antilles.html
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  37. http://www.banrepcultural.org/blaavirtual/linea-de-tiempo/voto-mujer-frente-nacional
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  40. 40.0 40.1 Women's Suffrage
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  42. http://www.idea.int/publications/voter_turnout_weurope/upload/chapter%204.pdf
  43. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/timeline/votes_to_women.shtml
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  45. http://www.refworld.org/docid/47387b6fc.html
  46. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/1999/qatar
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  48. 48.0 48.1 https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ae.html
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  50. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bx.html

External links

de:Zeittafel Frauenwahlrecht

es:Sufragio femenino