Topography (disambiguation)

Not to be confused with tomography, topology or typography.

Topography may refer to:

Cartography, geology and oceanography

• Topography, the study of the current terrain features of a region and the graphic representation of the landform on a map
  • Inverted topography, landscape features that have reversed their elevation relative to other features
  • Karst topography, a three-dimensional landscape shaped by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock, usually carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite
  • Ocean surface topography, the difference between the surface of the ocean and the geoid
  • Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, a research effort that obtained digital elevation models on a near-global scale from 56 °S to 60 °N, to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth to date
  • Topographic maps
  • Topographic prominence, a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks
  • Topography as the study of place, distinguished from the above by focusing not on the physical shape of the surface, but on all details that distinguish a place. Includes both textual and graphic descriptions.

Culture and media

Art

• Topographical views
• Topography of Terror, an outdoor museum in Berlin
• New Topographics, an exhibition of photographic art in which the landscape was depicted complete with the alterations of humans

Literature

• Christian Topography, a 6th-century book written by Cosmas Indicopleustes which advances the idea that the world is flat

Science

Medicine

• The location of features in the body, see human brain and topographical codes
• Corneal topography, a non-invasive medical imaging technique for mapping the surface curvature of the cornea, the outer structure of the eye

Ornithology

• The study of feather tracts, see the list of terms used in bird topography

Physics

• Diffraction topography, an X-ray imaging technique based on Bragg diffraction, in which diffraction from a crystal is recorded on film or by detector, resulting in topographic images (topographs)

Technology

• The detailed design of a semiconductor integrated circuit, see integrated circuit layout design protection and the Integrated Circuit Topography Act