Type 10

This article is about the modern main battle tank. For the World War II infantry mortar, see Type 10 Grenade Discharger. For the interwar triplane torpedo bomber, see Mitsubishi 1MT.

Type 10 Hitomaru
JGSDF Type10 Tank of the 1st Armored Training Unit, Eastern Army Combined Brigade. In Camp Takeyama, Japan.
Type	Main battle tank
Place of origin	Japan
Service history
In service	2012–present
Production history
Manufacturer	Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Unit cost	$8.4 million (2014)
Produced	2010 (in production)
Number built	80 (FY 2010–2014)
Specifications
Weight	44 tonnes (standard) 48 tonnes (full)
Length	9.485 m
Width	3.24 m
Height	2.30 m
Crew	3 (commander, gunner and driver)
Armor	Nano-crystal steel (Triple Hardness Steel), modular ceramic composite armor, light-weight upper armor.
Main armament	Japan Steel Works 120 mm smoothbore cannon with automatic loader
Secondary armament	M2HB 12.7 mm machine gun Type 74 7.62 mm machine gun
Engine	4-stroke cycle V8 Diesel engine 1,200 hp/2,300 rpm
Power/weight	27 hp/tonne
Transmission	Continuously variable transmission (Hydraulic Mechanical Transmission)
Suspension	Hydropneumatic Active suspension
Operational range	480 km
Speed	Forward: 70 km/h Backward: 70 km/h

The Type 10 (10式戦車, Hitomaru-shiki sensha) is a 4th generation main battle tank of JSDF produced by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries for the Japanese Ground Self Defense Force. Compared with other currently-serving main battle tanks in the JGSDF, the Type 10 has been equipped with enhancements in its capability to respond to anti-tank warfare and other contingencies.

Overview

The TK-X (MBT-X) project aims to produce the new Type 10 main battle tank, to replace or complement the existing Type 74 and Type 90 main battle tanks that are currently in service with the Japan Ground Self Defense Force. Development began in the 1990s, and production was expected to start in 2010–2011. A prototype was revealed on February 13, 2008 at the Technology Research and Development Institute (TRDI) in Sagamihara. Heavy emphasis was placed on C4I capabilities as well as on performance, firepower, protection and mobility.

Design

Armor

The use of modular components significantly improves the side armor compared to the Type 90. The Commander's Panoramic Sight has been moved to the right and is located at a higher position than the Type 90, giving the commander a wide range of view.

The vehicle's armor consists of modular sections, providing the ability to mount varying degrees of protection depending on the mission profile as well as weight requirements. Vehicle weight is about 40 tonnes with the base configuration, and 48 tonnes when fully equipped. The prototype featured in 2008 at TRDI weighed 44 tonnes.

Armament

Type 10 Main Battle Tank uses 120 mm smoothbore gun which is indigenously developed by Japan Steel Works. Japan Steel Works also manufactures Rheinmetall L44 120 mm smoothbore gun for the Type 90 MBT under licence. There is an option for longer barrels of 50 and 55 calibers (L50, L55). The gun fire newly developed APFSDS, type 10 APFSDS. Type 10 can fire JM33 APFSDS or all standard 120 mm NATO ammunition. However, Type 10 APFSDS is specifically designed for and can only be fired by the Type 10's gun.

Electronics

The Type 10 tank is equipped with C4I system (Command, Control, Communication, Computer & Intelligence). This can be incorporated into the JGSDF network to enable sharing of information among tanks, as well as connected to the infantry's outdoor computer network "Regiment Command Control System" (ReCS) to facilitate integrated military operations with the infantry troops. Other features are as follows:

• Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) that allows the tank to reach 70 km/h forward as well as reverse.
• Autoloader with crew of three (Commander and gunner in the turret, driver in the hull).
• Hydropneumatic active suspension, which allows it to adjust its stance and absorbs recoil when firing.
• Day/night sights mounted around the turret, providing a full 360° coverage as well as providing input to the C4I system.

Development

The development costs as of 2008 are approximately JPY ¥48,400M (approximately USD $447M). Each unit is expected to cost approximately ¥700M ($6.5M).

The Japanese Ministry of Defense formally acknowledged the Type 10 in December 2009. In 2010, the Japanese Ministry of Defense placed a ¥12,400M order for thirteen Type 10 tanks (Unit cost: ¥954M).

These Type 10 tanks entered JGSDF service in January, 2012.

Export

On 4 January 2014, sources revealed that Turkey was interested in signing a joint development deal of tank engines based on the Type 10's engine. The Type 10 tank boasts of high mobility, including a backward movement speed of 70 km/h (43 mph). The engine was to power the Turkish Altay indigenous tank. However, negotiations broke down and the deal was "off the agenda" by March 2014. Reasons included Japan's stringent arms export ban laws, the intention of Turkey to attempt to export the Altay, and Japan’s reluctance to license the joint engine.

Gallery

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  Prototype #3

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  Prototype #3 rear

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  Production Model

• 

  Shooting of 120 mm Smoothbore gun

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  .50 caliber M2 Gun and smoke discharger

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  Sensors and .50 caliber M2 Gun

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• 
• 

  Type 90 (left) and Type 10

• 

  Type 74 (left) and Type 10

See also

• Type 61 (1st generation)
• Type 74 (2nd generation)
• Type 90 (3rd generation)

References

• Type 10 MBT-X Prototype (TK-X). GlobalSecurity.org
• Shinichi Kiyotani, 'Japan unveils TK-X main battle tank prototype,' Jane's Defence Weekly, Vol.45, Issue 9, 27 February 2008, p. 13
• Japan unveils MBT prototype – Jane's Land Forces News.
• Accelerating Defence Acquisition: What Defence Can Learn From the World of Motorsport – Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies(RUSI), 'RUSI Defence Systems, June 2008, pp. 81–82'.
• IDG News Service video on the Type 10 tank
• Development report of JSDF New tank (Japanese) 1 – Japanese Ministry of Defense.
• Development report of JSDF New tank (Japanese) 2 – Japanese Ministry of Defense.
• Development report of JSDF New tank (Japanese) 3 – Japanese Ministry of Defense.
• Introduction of the aircraft Type 10 tank: Japan Defense Focus No.33 Column, Oct 2012 – Japanese Ministry of Defense.
• New Tank – Japanese Ministry of Defense TRDI.
• TRDI 50th Annual – Japanese Ministry of Defense TRDI.

External links

• TRDI Official Photos of Type 10 tank #1
• TRDI Official Video of TK-X tank
• 10式戦車　スラローム射撃 JGSDF Type 10 MBT – Car Watch YouTube