United Armed Forces of Novorossiya
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United Armed Forces of Novorossiya Объединённые Вооруженные Силы Новороссии |
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Founded | 3 March 2014[1] (as Donbass People's Militia) |
Current form | 16 September 2014[2] |
Leadership | |
Minister of Defence | Vladimir Kononov (Donetsk People's Republic) Oleg Bugrov (Luhansk People's Republic) |
Manpower | |
Active personnel | 10,000 – 20,000 (July 2014)[3][4] 30,000 – 35,000 (March 2015)[5] 40,000 – 45,000 (June 2015)[6] |
The United Armed Forces of Novorossiya (Russian: Объединённые Вооруженные Силы Новороссии; acronym NAF)[2][7] is the umbrella name for the militias and armed volunteer groups affiliated with the defunct political union called Novorossiya (New Russia). It consists of the Donbass People's Militia,[8][9] the Luhansk People's Militia and autonomous armed groups. It is regarded as a terrorist group by the Government of Ukraine.[10]
The Donbass People's Militia was formed by Pavel Gubarev, who was elected "People's Governor" of Donetsk Oblast by pro-Russian protesters.[11] It was originally involved in taking control of Ukrainian government buildings in the Donetsk oblast. Tensions increased to the point of the militia being actively involved in fighting a war against the Ukrainian government in the Donbass region of Ukraine. The militia was accused by the Ukrainian government of culpability in the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 on 17 July 2014. The militias of the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic, merged into one group on 16 September 2014, forming the "United Armed Forces of Novorossiya".[2]
It is widely believed that the separatists are supported by Russian armed forces.[12] Although the Russian government often denies direct involvement stating that their soldiers were there voluntarily and not under orders, some of them were detained riding their combat vehicles with documents proving their origin in Russian armed forces.[13] Moreover, separatists admitted receiving supplies from Russia and being trained there. BBC reported that separatist ranks are composed of thousands of Russian citizens, and NATO accused Russia of deploying their regular troops into Ukraine.[13][14] Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation have been reported to be supporting separatists in the conflict as well. Head of the DPR, Alexander Zakharchenko, claimed in August 2014 that there are around 3,000 to 4,000 Russian volunteers fighting for the militia, which includes current and many retired Russian Army servicemen.[15]
Contents
History
On 3 March 2014, during the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine, protesters took control of the regional administration building in Donetsk.[16] A newly created armed opposition group named the Donbass People's Militia participated in it and was led by Pavel Gubarev.[16] This happened when 11 Ukrainian cities with significant populations of ethnic Russians erupted in demonstrations against the new Ukrainian government.[16] On 6 April 2014, 2,000 pro-Russian protesters rallied outside the regional administration building.[17] In the same day, groups of protesters in Eastern Ukraine stormed the regional administration building in Kharkiv, and the SBU headquarters in Luhansk.[11] The groups created a people's council and demanded a referendum like in Crimea.[17] Within a few days, several government buildings in cities such as Kramatorsk and Sloviansk were also stormed.[18][19][nb 1] On 12 April, the supporters of the Donetsk People's Republic and members of Donbass People's Militia set up checkpoints and barricades in Sloviansk.[29] The same day, former members of the Donetsk "Berkut" unit joined the ranks of the Donbass People's Militia.[30]
On 13 April, the newly established Ukrainian government gave the separatists a deadline to disarm or face a "full-scale anti-terrorist campaign" in the region.[31] Later that day, the first reports of fighting was reported between the people's militia and Ukrainian troops near Sloviansk, with casualties on both sides.[32][33] On 14 April, members of the Donbass People's Militia blocked Ukrainian military KrAZ truck's armed with Grad missiles from entering the city.[34][35] On 15 April, a full scale "Anti-Terrorist Operation" was launched by the Ukrainian government with aim of restoring their authority over the areas seized by the militia.[36]
On 16 April, the militia entered Sloviansk with six BMD airborne amphibious tracked infantry fighting vehicles[38][39] they obtained from parts of the 25th Airborne Brigade[40] who had switched allegiance.[41][42][43][44] The "occupants" were disarmed after the vehicles were blockaded by locals.[45] The militia also received one self-propelled 120 mm mortar 2S9 "Nona-S"[46][47] On April 20, an unidentified armed group in civilian clothes attacked a Militia checkpoint at the entrance to the city of Sloviansk. Three attackers and three members of Militia were killed.[48] On May 14, eight members of Militia seized an IMR armored vehicle from Novokramatorsky Mashinostroitelny Zavod.[49]
On May 15, the Donbass People's Militia sent an ultimatum to Kiev. They ordered the withdraw all Ukrainian troops from Donetsk oblast.[50] On May 17, several members of the militia seized two BRDM unarmed armored vehicles from Severodonetsk and Lysychansk (Luhansk Oblast)[51] On May 22, the Federal State of Novorossiya was declared. On May 23, several members of people's militia seized another BRDM-RKh unarmed armored vehicle from Loskutovka (Luhansk Oblast)[52]
The militia were widely suspected to be involved in the downing of a civilian airliner, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, on 17 July 2014.[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]
On August 8, the militia claimed that after battles near border with Russia, they captured 67 pieces of equipment with varying status (serviceable equipment without ammunition and fuel, with faults, damaged in battle and completely unusable), including 18 multiple rocket launching systems "Grad", 15 tanks and armored personnel carriers, howitzers, MANPADS, etc.[61] As of August 12, the militia has at least 200 armored vehicles.[62]
The months of July and early August were disastrous for the militias with many analysts saying they were on the verge of defeat before a sudden counteroffensive, which the Ukrainian Government claims was supported by Russian troops, encircled thousands of Ukrainian troops and forced them into a retreat.[63] The militias soon re-captured several strategic positions such as Savur-Mohyla and Luhansk International Airport.[64] The armies of both the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic merged on 16 September 2014 to form the "United Armed Forces of Novorossiya".[2][65]
On 2 February 2015, Head of the DPR, Alexander Zakharchenko, announced that there would be a general mobilization in the DPR of 10,000 volunteers, and he aimed to eventually expand the NAF to 100,000 soldiers.[66]
On 20 May 2015 the leadership of the Federal State of Novorossiya announced the termination of the confederation 'project'[67] but the United Armed Forces will be retained as the joint armed service of the two constituent states.
On 14 September 2015, there was a war banner ceremony at the newly established Donetsk Higher Military Command School.[68] Zakharchenko addressed the new students, and congratulated them by saying they will be the officers to lead the DPR Armed Forces and resolve all conflicts.[68] Mikhail Tikhonov is the head of the school.[68]
Structure
The militias consist of different armed groups, which took the oath for Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic. Militant groups which refused to do it were disarmed as gangs in the DPR.[69] Other groups are autonomous forces.[70]
Combat forces
Donetsk People's Republic
Donbass People's Militia (Russian: Народное ополчение Донбасса)
- North Battalion (Russian: Батальон «Север») (unofficial)[71]
1st Sloviansk Brigade (Russian: 1-й Славянская бригада) - Brigade that was formerly commanded by Igor Strelkov.[72]
- Patriotic Forces of Donbass[73] (Russian: Патриотические силы Донбасса)
- 20px Vostok Brigade (Russian: Бригада «Восток», meaning "East Brigade") - Special forces brigade that was founded and led by Alexander Khodakovsky.[74][75] It has foreign volunteers including Russians and North Ossetians.[76] Began as a battalion, and as of June 2014 had about 500 men according to Khodakovsky.[76] It later increased to a brigade.[77]
Oplot Brigade (Russian: Батальон «Оплот», meaning "Bulwark Battalion") - Commanded by Alexander Zakharchenko.[79][80] Originally a battalion, it expanded to a brigade by May 2015.
Russian Orthodox Army (Russian: Русская православная армия) - A senior commander of the unit is Alexander Verin.[80] One of the armed groups, which control Donetsk, formed mostly by locals from coal mine towns.[81] It reportedly had 100 members at the time of its founding. According to Ukrainian sources, in June 2014 has at least 350 fighters.[82] According to independent sources as fighting between separatists and the Ukrainian government worsened in Donbass, membership rose to 4,000.[83]
Miner's Division (Russian: Шахтёрская дивизия) - Founded shortly after the rebel withdrawal from Sloviansk and Kramatorsk. It is commanded by Konstantin Kuzmin. Fighters typically range from ages 22–60. Composed of former coal miners.[84]
Kalmius Brigade (Russian: Бригада «Кальмиус») - Special forces brigade commanded by Sergei Petrovskiy.[85]
- Consolidated Orthodox Battalion "Voshod" or Voshod Battalion (Russian: Батальон «Восход», meaning "Sunrise Battalion") - Formed in June 2014, it had 300 fighters.[86]
- Steppe Battalion (Russian: Батальон «Степь»)[87]
- DPR Security Service Battalion (Russian: Батальон службы безопасности Донецкой народной республики) - Security Service of the Donetsk People's Republic.[85]
Sparta Battalion (Russian: Батальон «Спарта») - Special forces battalion led by Arseny Pavlov, known by the call sign Motorola. Includes Russians, fighters typically have helmets and modern personal equipment.
1st Independent Battalion-Tactical Group "Somalia" or Somalia Battalion (Russian: Батальон «Сомали») - Tactical group led by Lieutenant colonel Mikhail Tolstykh, known by the call sign Givi.
DPR Republican Guard (Russian: Республиканская гвардия ДНР) - Elite unit created by Alexander Zakharchenko on January 12, 2015.[88][89] Commanded by Major-general Ivan Kondratov, and is composed of six battalions that totals more than 3,000 fighters.[89]
Diesel Battalion (Russian: Батальон «Дизель») - Tank battalion formed in 2015 that is equipped with Russian equipment, including T-72B1s.[91]
Independent DPR forces
- International Battalions - Includes Russian, Chechen, Greek, Ossetian, Polish, Hungarian, Serbian, Latvian, Belarusian, Uzbek, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Armenian and other volunteers.[92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104]
Orthodox Dawn (Bulgarian: Православна Зора) - Bulgarian volunteer group.[105]
Legion of Saint Stephen (Russian: Легион Святого Иштвана) - Hungarian subgroup of international battalions.[94] The group espouses a Hungarian nationalist platform, demanding self-determination for the Hungarian minority in Zakarpattia Oblast,[106] and has been accused of being close to the far-right Jobbik party in Hungary.[107]
Jovan Šević Detachment (Serbian: одред «Јован Шевић») - Serbian Chetnik-led group commanded by Bratislav Živković, has 250 fighters.[108] In October 2014 the fighters returned to Serbia.[109]
Death Battalion (Russian: Батальон «Смерть») - Chechen volunteer group.[110]
- Varyag Battalion (Russian: Батальон «Варяг»), meaning "Varangian Battalion") - Volunteer battalion commanded by Alexander Matyushin.[111]
RNU Volunteer Units - Includes volunteers from Russian National Unity and other Neo-nazi organizations.[112][113]
Luhansk People's Republic
LPR People's Militia (Russian: Народная милиция ЛНР). Formerly known as Army of the South-East (Russian: Армия Юго-Востока) until late 2014.[114][115][116]
Zarya Battalion (Russian: Батальон «Заря», meaning "Dawn Battalion") - Commanded by Andrei Patrushev. Includes Russian volunteers - national-bolsheviks,[117][118] members of The Other Russia.[119][120]
Leshiy Battalion (Russian: Батальон «Леший», meaning "Forest-spirit Battalion") - Special forces battalion commanded by Aleksey Pavlov.[121]
Independent LPR forces
Great Host of Don Cossacks (Russian: Всевеликое войско Донское)[122] - An international organisation that recruits volunteers from Ukraine and Russia.[123]
Cossack National Guard (Russian: Казачья Национальная гвардия) - Don Cossack volunteer group commanded by Rashid Shakirzanov.[70] The group has over 4,000 fighters and have access to armor and artillery.[70] From May to November 2014, the group was commanded by Ataman Nikolai Kozitsyn.[70][124] Kozitsyn was forcibly removed from power in November 2014 and replaced by Shakirzanov.[70] The group's headquarters is in Antratsyt, and their rule expands to Krasnyi Luch.[70] Initially, this group was identified as Russian Special Forces by the U.S. State Department following the takeover of the Sloviansk city council.[125] In November 2014, the group instated capital punishment in Perevalsk to deter crime.[126] Kozitsyn stated that there is no more marauding, burglaries or car-jacking in the city.[126] They refused to join the LPR's military command but insist on cooperating with them, remaining autonomous and controlling territory.[70]
First Cossack Regiment (Russian: Первый казачий полк) - Don Cossack volunteer group commanded by Ataman Pavel Dryomov. The group has around 1,300 fighters, and the headquarters is in Stakhanov.[70] Originally part of Kozitsyn's Cossack National Guard until it split in September 2014.[70] Dryomov denounced the LPR's leadership as being corrupt and "pro-oligarchic".[70] Dryomov was killed on 12 December 2015 when his car was blown up by an unknown perpetrator the day after his wedding.[127]
Mechanized Brigade "Prizrak" or Prizrak Brigade (Russian: Бригада «Призрак», meaning "Ghost Brigade") - Mechanized infantry brigade that is commanded by Yuri Shevchenko. It was formed and led by Aleksey Mozgovoy until his assassination on 23 May 2015.[72] The group keeps its distance from the LPR authorities and is based in Alchevsk and the surrounding district.[70]
Disbanded
- United Battalions of the DPR and LPR.[132]
Rapid Response Group "Batman" or Batman Battalion (Russian: Группа быстрого реагирования «Бэтмен») - Commanded by Alexander Bednov until he was killed in an attack on his convoy on 1 January 2015.[133] Members of the group said that the attack was ordered by head of the Luhansk People's Republic Igor Plotnitsky.[133] Following this attack, the LPR arrested some of Bednov's men, and dissolved the battalion.[134] Some of its personnel were dispersed into other LPR units, while DPR field commanders Givi and Motorola invited former members to join their battalions.[134]
Non-combat units
Novorossiya Humanitarian Battalion (Russian: Гуманитарный батальон «Новороссия») - non-combat unit involved in protecting the delivery of humanitarian aid.[136]
Commanders

Donetsk People's Republic
- Alexander Zakharchenko
- Vladimir Kononov
- Eduard Basurin
- Pavel Gubarev[11] (former)
- Igor Strelkov[137] (former)
- "Romashka" (nom de guerre), real name Sergei Zhurikov (Russian: Сергей Журиков) †
- Alexander Khodakovsky
- Igor Bezler
- Alexander Verin
- "Botsman"[138]
- Konstantin Kuzmin
- Sergei Petrovskiy
- Motorola (nom de guerre), real name Arseny Pavlov
- Givi[139] (nom de guerre), real name Mikhail Tolstykh
- Akhra Avidzba
Luhansk People's Republic
- Igor Plotnitsky
- Valery Bolotov (former)
- Nikolai Kozitsyn (former)
- Pavel Dryomov (DOW) (his car was blown up by unknown)[127]
- Aleksey Mozgovoy †
- Alexander Bednov (Russian: Александр Беднов) †
- Yuri Shevchenko
Flags and symbols
Multiple flags and symbols are often used by the armed forces:
Historical flags
St. George Ribbon
Flag of Russian Empire
Flag of the USSR
Flag of the Ukrainian SSR
Victory Banner
Naval Ensign of the Soviet Union
Others Flags
Flag of Russia
Flag of the Great Don Army
Flag of the Russian Airborne Troops
Flags of new States, including nongovernment (public) organizations
War Flag of Novorossiya
Flag of Novorossiya
Flag of Donetsk People's Republic
- 23x15px Flag of the Donetsk Republic organization
Variant flag of the Donetsk Republic Organisation
Flag of Luhansk People's Republic
Flags of military units and troops
Flag of the Donbass People's Militia
Flag of the Vostok Battalion
Flag of the Russian Orthodox Army
Flag of the Miner's Division
Flag of the Sparta Battalion
Flag of the Somalia Battalion
Flag of the Prizrak Brigade
Flag of the Rapid Response Group "Batman"
Equipment
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According to independent sources, rebels mostly used equipment that was available domestically before the Ukrainian crisis. However, the rebels were also seen using weapons that were not known to be exported to or otherwise available in Ukraine. Appearance of some of the latest models of Russian military equipment, which was never exported outside of Russia, is particularly noteworthy.[140]
According to the Donetsk People's Republic all its military equipment is "hardware that we took from the Ukrainian military".[141] However, according to the Ukrainian government and the United States Department of State this is a false statement and claim the separatists have received military equipment from Russia, including multiple rocket launch systems and tanks.[142] Despite the fact that Russian officials deny supplying arms to the militia, numerous evidence proves that it is true.[140][142][143] In August 2014 Ukrainian Defense Minister Valeriy Heletey claimed the proof for the weapons supply from Russia was that the fighters of the Donbass People's Militia were using Russian-made weapons that were never used (or bought) by the Ukrainian army.[144]
Among such exclusively Russian equipment seen with pro-Russian separatists are Russian modifications of tank T-72 (particularly T-72B3 and T-72BA seen destroyed in Ukraine[140][145]), infantry fighting vehicle BTR-82AM (adopted in Russia in 2013),[146][147] armored personnel carriers BPM-97,[148][149] sophisticated anti-aircraft system Pantsir-S1,[150][151] multipurpose vehicle GAZ Vodnik (adopted in Russia in 2005),[148] Russian modifications of MT-LB, rocket-propelled flamethrower MRO-A, anti-tank missile Kornet, anti-materiel rifle ASVK, suppressed sniper rifle VSS Vintorez and others.[140][146]
Relationship with Russia
As the conflict intensified, the Donbass People's Militia was bolstered with many volunteers from the former Soviet Union, mainly Russia; including fighters from Chechnya and North Ossetia.[152]
According to the Ukrainian government and the United States Department of State the Donbass People's Militia have received military equipment from Russia, including Russian tanks and multiple rocket launchers.[142] Russia denied doing this and has described the Russian citizens fighting with the Donbass People's Militia as volunteers.[142][153] The Donetsk People's Republic claimed on 16 August 2014 it had received (together with 30 tanks and 120 other armoured vehicles of undisclosed origin) 1,200 "individuals who have gone through training over a four-month period on the territory of the Russian Federation".[154][155] The Donetsk People's Republic claims it has not received military equipment from Russia; but that all its military equipment is "hardware that we took from the Ukrainian military".[141] In August 2014 Ukrainian Defense Minister Valeriy Heletey disputed this claim because (according to him) the fighters of the Donbass People's Militia were using Russian-made weapons that were never used (or bought) by the Ukrainian army, and which therefore had to have been supplied to them by Russia.[144]
The injured of the Donbass People's Militia were exclusively treated in Russia.[152] During mid-August 2014, hospitals such as the Donetsk Central Hospital in Donetsk, Russia attended to between 10 and 20 injured fighters daily.[152] The Russian Emergency Ministry assisted with treatment logistics.[152] Those questioned and registered by the (Russian) Federal Security Service[152] and treated in Russia during this period stated that they would not return to Ukraine if the Ukrainian army won the War in Donbass,[152] but would, instead, engage in a partisan warfare campaign in Eastern Ukraine.[152]
See also
- 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
- War in Donbass
- Donetsk People's Republic
- Luhansk People's Republic
Notes
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References
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- ↑ "Самым неспокойным городом Украины в последние дни неожиданно стал Донецк. «Народное ополчение Донбасса» ... еще 3 марта взяло штурмом областную администрацию"
Русский и бессмысленный // LENTA.RU от 6 марта 2014 - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Ukraine's next battle is Donetsk, but no bombs, please. USA Today. 12 July 2014.
- ↑ The army of the Lugansk and Donetsk People's Republics has 20,000 fighters - Gubarev. Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 9 July 2014
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- ↑ Жители Славянска поддержали «Народное ополчение Донбасса» // "Взгляд.RU" от 12 апреля 2014
- ↑ ""Народное ополчение Донбасса" строит баррикады"
Протесты в Славянске Донецкой области // "ИТАР-ТАСС" от 13 апреля 2014 - ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Around 3-4 thousand Russian volunteers fighting for Donetsk People’s Republic militia. Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 28 August 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
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- ↑ На одном из блокпостов около Славянска слышна стрельба и взрывы // "Первый канал" от 13 апреля 2014
- ↑ «Это наши люди» // «Взгляд.RU» от 12 апреля 2014
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- ↑ Народное ополчение Донбасса задержало грузовики со снарядами для "Града" на въезде в Славянск // "Интерфакс" от 14 апреля 2014
- ↑ "Представители "Народного ополчения Донбасса" задержали грузовик со снарядами к реактивной системе залпового огня (РСЗО) "Град" на одном из блок-постов возле города Славянск Донецкой области. Об этом сообщили 13 апреля местные СМИ. Источники в силовых структурах признали факт задержания "грузовика с вооружением", отметив, что задержанный автомобиль КрАЗ принадлежит Национальной гвардии Украины"
СМИ: манифестанты задержали возле Славянска грузовик со снарядами к РСЗО "Град" // ИТАР-ТАСС от 14 апреля 2014 - ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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Колонна украинской бронетехники под Краматорском прорвала "блокаду" местных жителей, угрожая гранатой // NEWSRU.COM от 16 апреля 2014 - ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ "самоходная артиллерийская установка «Нона»... была добровольна отдана сопротивлению десантниками 25-й аэромобильной бригады из Днепропетровска в середине апреля"
Как устроена десантная машина «Нона» - символ сопротивления Донецкой республики // "Московский комсомолец" от 13 мая 2014 - ↑ Самооборона Славянска обстреляла Нацгвардию из самоходной установки «Нона» // "Взгляд.RU" от 12 мая 2014
- ↑ Атака на блокпост в Славянске: шестеро погибших // DELFI.LV от 20 апреля 2014
- ↑ Вооруженные люди вывезли с Новокраматорского завода списанную инженерную машину разграждения // "Интерфакс - Украина" от 14 мая 2014
- ↑ Ополченцы Донбасса поставили Киеву ультиматум // LENTA.RU от 15 мая 2014
- ↑ На Луганщине боевики похитили две БРДМ из пожарно-спасательных частей // УНИАН от 18 мая 2014
- ↑ Ополченцы захватили машину разведки на Луганщине // "iPress.UA" от 23 мая 2014
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ CSMonitor.com - Web evidence points to rebels in downing of MH17
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ ДНР заявляет о захвате около 70 единиц военной техники силовиков|DPR claimed capturing about 70 pieces of military equipment // RIA Novosti, 8 August 2014
- ↑ Для контрнаступления под Донецком ополченцы подготовили 200 бронемашин| For a counter-offensive near Donetsk militia prepared 200 armored vehicles// Vesti.ru, 12 August 2014
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. - ↑ 68.0 68.1 68.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 72.0 72.1 Russia’s Donetsk Proxies Anticipate Ukrainian Siege Jamestown Foundation, Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 11 Issue: 149. 13 August 2014
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- ↑ Ополченцы "ДНР" хотят создать на основе батальона "Восток" спецназ. RIA Novosti Ukraine. 26 September 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
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- ↑ 76.0 76.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Rodnover pagans participate to the Ukrainian conflict.
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- ↑ 80.0 80.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ 94.0 94.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Ukraine war pulls in foreign fighters BBC 31 August 2014
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Нацболы отбили атаку карателей в ЛНР. novorosinform.org
- ↑ Нацболы отбили атаку карателей в ЛНР. interbrigada.org
- ↑ В бою под Луганском погиб Илья Гурьев. drugoros.ru
- ↑ Нацбол Кирилл Манулин представлен к ордену. drugoros.ru
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- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Cossack against cossack Svetlana Bolotnikova, openDemocracy, 30 July 2014
- ↑ The Cossack Factor in Ukrainian War Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume: 11 Issue: 149, Jamestown Foundation, 13 August 2014
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- ↑ 126.0 126.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 127.0 127.1 Separatist Cossack Commander Reported Killed In Ukraine's Luhansk, Radio Free Europe (12 December 2015)
- ↑ Ukraine : des volontaires français dans une brigade pro-russe nouvelobs, 26 July 2014
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- ↑ Ополчение юго-востока Украины провело перегруппировку сил |Militia in south-east Ukraine conducted regrouping // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 12 April 2014
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- ↑ 140.0 140.1 140.2 140.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 141.0 141.1 Donetsk Republic prime minister says militia ready for reasonable talks with Kiev, ITAR-TASS (19 August 2014)
- ↑ 142.0 142.1 142.2 142.3 US: Separatists in eastern Ukraine have weapons, military equipment from Russia, Fox News (June 13, 2014)
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- ↑ 144.0 144.1 Militants have Russian weapons that have never been in service with Ukrainian army - Heletei, Interfax-Ukraine (22 August 2014)
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- ↑ 152.0 152.1 152.2 152.3 152.4 152.5 152.6 Ukraine’s injured rebels vow to fight on, Financial Times (18 August 2014)
- ↑ (Ukrainian) Putin said that any "reinforcement" DNRivtsyam not sent, Ukrayinska Pravda (3 August 2014)
- ↑ 30 tanks and 1,200 troops just crossed from Russia into Ukraine, according to the rebels, Vox Media (16 August 2014)
- ↑ Top Ukraine Rebel Leader Says Troops Training in Russia, Newsweek (16 August 2014)
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