United States National Bank Building

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For other buildings with the same name, see U.S. National Bank Building.
United States National Bank Building
Portland Historic Landmark[2]
U.S. National Bank Building - Portland, Oregon.jpg
The building's exterior, viewed from the west, at the intersection of Broadway and Stark
United States National Bank Building is located in Portland, Oregon
United States National Bank Building
Location 321 SW 6th Avenue
Portland, Oregon
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Built 1917
Architect A. E. Doyle, et al.
Architectural style Classical[3][4]
American Renaissance
NRHP Reference # 86002842[1]
Added to NRHP October 9, 1986

The United States National Bank Building is a building located in downtown Portland, Oregon, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[5] Designed by noted Portland architect A. E. Doyle in a Roman classical style,[3] the four-story building's first section was completed and opened in 1917, facing Sixth Avenue. An extension westward to Broadway, approximately doubling its size, was constructed in 1925,[6] since which time the building has occupied one-half of a city block.[7][8] It features a four-story-high colonnade of Corinthian order columns at its eastern end, the principal façade originally, and extensive use of glazed terracotta. The interior is also extensively decorated with highly textured materials. The building was constructed for the United States National Bank of Portland, which ultimately became part of U.S. Bancorp and whose retail banking division operates as U.S. Bank. Almost 100 years after the building's opening, it continues to serve as the Portland main branch of U.S. Bank in 2016.[9]

History

The United States National Bank of Portland, ancestor of present-day U.S. Bancorp, was established in Portland in 1890 and opened for business in February 1891.[10] During the three decades following, the bank experienced significant growth. It weathered the Panic of 1893 better than many of its competitors, and later acquired some of the competing Portland banks, including the Ainsworth National Bank (in 1902), the Wells Fargo Bank (in 1905), and the Lumbermen's National Bank (in 1917). With the 1902 acquisition, U.S. National Bank moved its headquarters into larger space formerly occupied by Ainsworth National, in the Ainsworth Building then located at S.W. Third and Stark streets in downtown Portland.[11] By the 1910s, the bank had outgrown its space. The firm purchased a quarter-block of land at the northwest corner of Sixth and Stark streets in early 1916 and hired Portland architect A. E. Doyle to design a new dedicated headquarters building.[12]

Viewed from the southeast before and after the 1925 expansion
The building circa 1920, when its only entrance was on 6th Avenue and the building was only half of its current size
Seen from a similar angle in 2013. In the righthand background of both photos is the 1907-built Wells Fargo Building, which U.S. National Bank acquired in 1946.

Construction began in 1916 and was completed in 1917, and the building opened to the public on July 30, 1917.[12][13] Although the building now extends a full block along Stark Street, with entrances on both 6th Avenue and Broadway, originally it faced only 6th Street (now 6th Avenue) and extended only about halfway to Broadway.[14]

In 1922 (another source says 1920),[15] the bank purchased the building that had occupied the quarter-block immediately to the west from the Elks organization,[16] who were preparing to move to a new building elsewhere in downtown, which would allow the 1917 bank building to be expanded west to Broadway. Originally, a 24-story new building was planned for the site,[17] but the bank ultimately decided to expand its existing building, keeping the same design and height for the new section.[18] Shortly after demolition of the old Elks Building in early 1924, construction of the bank building's expansion began.[18] The new section opened in 1925, doubling the building's size and adding an entrance on Broadway.[19] Doyle was hired again to oversee the expansion, which helped to ensure that that new section would replicate the style of the original section as much as possible, making the expanded building look as though it were built as a single building, rather than in two stages separated by eight years.[20] In the same year, U.S. National Bank of Portland acquired the Ladd & Tilton Bank,[21] which had been established in 1859 and was the first financial institution in the Pacific Northwest.[22] This acquisition made U.S.N.B. "the largest financial institution north of San Francisco and west of Minneapolis".[21]

In 1946, U.S. National purchased the Wells Fargo Building (since 1922 known as the Porter Building),[23] a multistory office building located directly adjacent, immediately to the north, to expand its downtown Portland headquarters.[24] United States National Bank of Portland changed its name to United States National Bank of Oregon in 1964.[25] By 1970, the bank was operating 119 branches.[24] At that time, it announced plans for another major expansion of its headquarters, on property it had acquired diagonally across from the Wells Fargo Building. The entire oversize block bounded by 5th and 6th Avenues and Oak and Burnside Streets had been acquired, its existing buildings to be razed and replaced by new U.S. National Bank buildings.[26] The first of these was a seven-story building (the U.S. Bank Plaza, at 5th & Oak), completed in 1974,[27] but the headline structure was the U.S. Bancorp Tower, a 42-story building that opened in 1983 (having already been part of the bank's long-term site plans in 1970,[27] but ultimately delayed until the 1980s).[28] Notwithstanding this major expansion, the firm continued to own and use its landmark 1917 building, which company president LeRoy Staver, in a 1970 Oregonian article, called "a jewel of a banking property and one that will never be duplicated".[26]

Unlike the original façade, the western façade includes the bank's name inscribed on the frieze.

In a 1979 article, The Oregonian wrote that, "The 1917-vintage U.S. National Bank, 321 S.W. Sixth Avenue, retains nearly all its original features, inside and out, a rare trait among Portland landmarks."[29] U.S. National Bank of Oregon was honored by the Portland Historical Landmarks Commission in that year for its longstanding commitment to maintaining the building in nearly original condition.[29]

The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986,[5] and was still serving as the bank's main branch.[20] Since the end of 1968, United States National Bank of Oregon had been owned by the then-newly formed holding company named U.S. Bancorp,[30] which provides consumer banking under the U.S. Bank name. Almost 100 years after its opening, the 1917-built, 1925-expanded original United States National Bank Building continues to serve as the main branch of U.S. Bank in Portland in 2016.[9]

Description

Exterior

The central entrance of the eastern façade with doors featuring bronze bas reliefs cast in 1931

The building is five stories tall including a mezzanine level and, after its 1925 expansion, occupies a 100-by-200-foot (30 m × 61 m) area, along the north side of SW Stark Street from Sixth Avenue to Broadway.[31] The eastern façade, facing Sixth Avenue, features six freestanding Corinthian columns, each 54 ft (16 m) in height. These support a portico that is topped by a large and richly decorated Roman frieze, a cornice and balustrade. Decorations on the cornice include lion heads and palmettes.[14] At the back of the portico and behind the columns, are two Corinthian pilasters, at the far left and right ends of the façade. Between these are "five vertical bays separated by piers made of coursed, rusticated terra cotta. Window openings are set in cast-bronze frames."[14] The five windows at the second-floor level are topped by cast-bronze segmental pediments. There are three entrance doorways in the three central bays, although originally there was only one. The central entrance features a pair of large bronze doors with highly decorated bas relief panels, and is surrounded by detailed terracotta, including a heraldic eagle in a pedimented cornice above the doorway. The bronze relief panels were cast in 1931, replacing the 1917 door panels[19] (which had used replicas of early Greek, Roman and U.S. coins as a design motif[32]). Designed by Avard Fairbanks, they "depict noble concepts of American life, such as 'Knowledge and Service', 'Domestic Welfare', 'Progress through Direction', and so on."[19] Fairbanks also designed bronze relief panels for the building's western façade, built in 1925.

Bronze lamp on the western façade

The overall exterior design was modeled closely on a 1904 bank building in New York City, the headquarters building of the Knickerbocker Trust Company.[14]

The southern façade, along Stark Street, is 200 ft (61 m) long and features a line of 14 Corinthian pilasters. The 12 window bays on this side have frames made of cast iron. Above the pilasters and fourth-floor windows are a cornice and balustrade with a design similar to that used at the eastern end.[31] The Stark Street side includes one entrance, which was present from 1917 and located at what was then the far back corner of the building,[32] but its position became approximately midway along the Stark Street side following the 1925 expansion.

At the building's west end, constructed eight years later and facing Broadway, the façade is similar to the eastern one, but the main body of the building extends to the corners of the lot, and instead of a full-width portico there is a recessed portico with only two columns in the center. Six pilasters line the eastern façade, three to each side of the columns, and all are topped by Corinthian capitals, the same as on the building's other two exposed sides. Another difference from the eastern façade is that, on the western façade "United States National Bank" is inscribed in the central section of the frieze, in place of the rinceau decoration there at the building's opposite end.[19] Ornamental bronze lanterns flank the central entrance, which features bas relief panels cast in bronze in 1926–27 and designed by Avard Fairbanks. The panels at the western entrance "depict pivotal events in the historical development of the Columbia Basin".[19]

Interior

The main banking room, viewed from the west end (1925 section) towards the east end (1917 section)

The ground floor holds the main banking room, still the main Portland branch of U.S. Bank, a grand room measuring 100 by 40 feet (30 m × 12 m) and with Lua error in Module:Convert at line 1851: attempt to index local 'en_value' (a nil value). ceilings.[19] The interior is extensively decorated with highly textured materials. Square columns of polished marble topped by Corinthian capitals that incorporate an eagle motif line all four sides of the main public space. The coffered ceiling is intricately detailed. The marble floor is patterned, and the teller windows are divided by Hauteville-marble pillars detailed with bas reliefs. A recessed mezzanine floor runs along the north and south sides, behind the columns.[33] The bank vaults are in the basement, where the public space also has a marble floor.[32]

Elaborately detailed ceiling panels and eagle-motif capitals in the ground-floor main banking room

The third and fourth floors are office space, centered around a courtyard. A remodeling of the fourth-floor offices in 1948, based on designs by Pietro Belluschi, incorporated Oregon myrtle in paneling and custom furnishings. The bank's board room, located on the third floor, includes a marble fireplace and stained glass windows by the noted Portland company, Povey Brothers Studio.[34] The room is 55 ft × 30 ft (16.8 m × 9.1 m). Its walls are covered in dark walnut. Ornamental lighting fixtures with brass wall mountings adorn the east and west ends of the room, and a bronze ring chandelier hangs above the center.[34]

Immediate surroundings

At its east end, the United States National Bank Building stands directly across 6th Avenue from another A.E. Doyle-designed bank building, the Bank of California Building, of 1925. That building's Italianate style contrasts sharply with the U.S. National Bank Building's classical design.[35] The northbound Portland Transit Mall passes in front of the building's east end, and during the mall's construction in 1976–77 the plain cement sidewalk there was resurfaced in brick, and street trees were added. MAX light rail trains have passed in front of the building's east end on 6th Avenue since 2009, following a 2007–08 rebuilding of the transit mall.

See also

References

General

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Specific

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tess (1985), Item 8, pp. 1 and 5.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Tess (1985), Item 7, p. 1 and Item 8, p. 6.
  7. ↑ Tess (1985), Item 9, p. 2.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ Tess (1985), Item 8, p. 1.
  11. ↑ Tess (1985), Item 8, p. 4.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Tess (1985), Item 8, p. 5.
  13. ↑ "Bank's home opens; United States National officers hold reception". (July 31, 1917). The Morning Oregonian, p. 9.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Tess (1985), Item 7, p. 1.
  15. ↑ "Lodge's Birthday to be Celebrated; Elks of Portland to Entertain Thursday". (October 30, 1927). The Sunday Oregonian, Section 1, p. 22.
  16. ↑ "Salvage Totals $12,000; Old Elks Building Erected Out of Finest Materials". (February 5, 1924). The Morning Oregonian, p. 9.
  17. ↑ "New Downtown Buildings To Aggregate $3,500,000". (June 10, 1923). The Sunday Oregonian, Section 4, p. 8.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Bank Awards Contract; Dougman & Christmas to Erect U. S. National's Addition". (March 22, 1924). The Morning Oregonian, p. 9.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 19.5 Tess (1985), Item 7, p. 2.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Tess (1985), Item 8, p. 6.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "U.S. Bank Buys Ladd & Tilton; Transfer of Assets Is Begun Immediately". (July 12, 1925). The Sunday Oregonian, p. 1.
  22. ↑ "Ladd, Tilton Bank Organized in 1859; History of Institution Bound Up in Portland's". (July 12, 1925). The Sunday Oregonian, p. 12.
  23. ↑ "$875,000 Annex for U. S. National; Porter Building Pioneers City's Steel Construction". (September 26, 1946). The Oregonian, p. 18.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "New office buildings take place on downtown skyline, boost economy". (March 24, 1975). The Oregonian, p. G2.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Tess (1985), Item 7, pp. 1–2.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 "United States National Bank Now Located in Its New Home". (July 29, 1917). The Sunday Oregonian, Section 1, p. 15.
  33. ↑ Tess (1985), Item 7, pp. 2–3.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Tess (1985), Item 7, pp. 3–4.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

  • Media related to Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. at Wikimedia Commons
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