Uvular flap

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search
Uvular flap
ɢ̆
ʀ̆
IPA number 112 505
Encoding
Entity (decimal) ɢ​̆
Unicode (hex) U+0262 U+0306

The uvular flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. There is no dedicated symbol for this sound in the IPA. It can specified by adding a 'short' diacritic to the letter for the uvular plosive, ⟨ɢ̆⟩, but normally it is covered by the unmodified letter for the uvular trill, ⟨ʀ⟩,[1] since the two have never been reported to contrast.

The uvular flap is not known to exist as a phoneme in any language.

More commonly, it is said to vary with the much more frequent uvular trill, and is most likely a single-contact trill [ʀ̆] rather than an actual flap [ɢ̆] in these languages. (The primary difference between a flap and a trill is the airstream, not the number of contacts.)

Features

Features of the uvular flap:

  • Its manner of articulation is flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
  • Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Dutch[2] rood [ʀ̆oːt] 'red' More common than a uvular trill.[3] Realization of /r/ varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology
German Standard[4] ehre [ˈʔeːʀ̆ə] 'honour' Common intervocalic realization of uvular trill.[4] See German phonology
Ibibio[5] [úfʌ̟̀ɢ̆ɔ̞] [translation needed] Intervocalic allophone of /k/; may be a velar approximant [ɰ] instead.[5]
Limburgish Hasselt dialect[6] weuren [ˈβ̞ø̠ːʀ̆ən] '(they) were' Possible intervocalic allophone of /r/; may be alveolar [ɾ] instead.[6]
Okanagan Southern[7] [ɢ̆àlə́p] 'lose' Allophone of /ʕ/; corresponds to [ʕ] in other dialects.[7]
Supyire[8] tadugugo [taduɢ̆uɢ̆o] 'place to go up' May be in free variation [ɡ].[8]
Wahgi[9] [example needed] Allophone of /ʟ̝/.[9]
Yiddish Standard[10] בריק [bʀ̆ɪk] 'bridge' Less commonly a trill [ʀ]; can be alveolar [ɾ ~ r] instead.[10] See Yiddish phonology

References

  1. ↑ Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
  2. ↑ Collins & Mees (2003), pp. 42 and 199.
  3. ↑ Collins & Mees (2003), pp. 42.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lodge (2009), p. 46.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Urua (2004), p. 106.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Peters (2006), p. 118.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kinkade (1967), pp. 232.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Carlson (1994), p. 10.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Phillips (1976), p. ?.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Kleine (2003), p. 263.

Bibliography

  • Carlson, Robert (1994). A Grammar of Supyire. Walter de Gruyter.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  • Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003), The Phonetics of English and Dutch, Fifth Revised Edition (PDF), ISBN 9004103406<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  • Kinkade, M. Dale (1967). "Uvular-Pharyngeal Resonants in Interior Salish". International Journal of American Linguistics. 33 (3): 228–234. doi:10.1086/464965.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  • Kleine, Ane (2003), "Standard Yiddish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 261–265, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001385<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  • Lodge, Ken (2009), A Critical Introduction to Phonetics, ISBN 978-0-8264-8873-2<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  • Peters, Jörg (2006), "The dialect of Hasselt", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (1): 117–124, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002428<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  • Phillips, Donald J. (1976). Wahgi Phonology and Morphology.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
  • Urua, Eno-Abasi E. (2004), "Ibibio", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 105–109, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001550<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>


Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Uvular_flap&oldid=4099277"