Vicente Fox

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For the Chilean lawmaker, see Vicente Quesada.

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This name uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Fox and the second or maternal family name is Quesada.
Vicente Fox
Vicente Fox 2.jpg
55th President of Mexico
In office
1 December 2000 – 30 November 2006
Preceded by Ernesto Zedillo
Succeeded by Felipe Calderón
Governor of Guanajuato
In office
25 September 1995 – 25 September 1999
Preceded by Carlos Medina Plascencia
Succeeded by Ramón Martín Huerta
Co-President of Centrist Democrat International
alongside Pier Ferdinando Casini
Assumed office
2006
Personal details
Born Vicente Fox Quesada
(1942-07-02) 2 July 1942 (age 81)
Mexico City, Mexico
Political party National Action Party (PAN)
Spouse(s) Lilian de la Concha
(m. 1969–1990, divorced)
Marta Sahagún
(m. 2001–present)
Alma mater Universidad Iberoamericana
Harvard University
Occupation Businessman; Politician
Religion Roman Catholicism
Signature Vicente Fox's signature

Vicente Fox Quesada (Spanish pronunciation: [biˈsente ˈfoks keˈsaða]; born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman who was President of Mexico from 1 December 2000, to 30 November 2006 under the National Action Party (PAN). He is also the Co-President of the Centrist Democrat International, an international organization of Christian democratic political parties.[1]

Fox was elected President of Mexico in the 2000 presidential election, a historically significant election that made him the first president elected from an opposition party since Francisco I. Madero in 1910 and the first one in 71 years to defeat, with 42 percent of the vote, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).[2]

After serving as president of Mexico for six years, President Fox returned to his home state of Guanajuato, where he resides with his wife and family. Since leaving the presidency, Vicente Fox has been involved in public speaking and the development of the Vicente Fox Center of Studies, Library and Museum.[3]

Early years

Vicente Fox was born in Guanajuato on 2 July 1942, the second of nine children. His father was José Luis Fox Pont, a native-born Mexican,[4] and his mother Mercedes Quesada Etxaide, was Basque from San Sebastian, Gipuzkoa, Spain. Fox's paternal grandfather was born Joseph Louis Fuchs in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of German Catholic immigrants, Louis Fuchs and Catherina Elisabetha Flach, of Strasbourg, now in France. The "Fuchs" surname was changed from German during the 1870s to its English equivalent, "Fox".[5] The family were unaware of its German origins and they believed the Fox family had their origins in Ireland until discovered otherwise later in President Fox's life.

Fox spent his childhood and adolescence at the family ranch in San Francisco del Rincón in Guanajuato. He moved to Mexico City to attend the Universidad Iberoamericana and received a bachelor's degree in business administration in 1964. He earned his advanced degree in Management Skills from the Harvard Business School in the United States in 1974.[6]

In 1964, Fox went to work for the Coca-Cola Company where he started as a route supervisor, and he drove a delivery truck. He quickly rose in the company to become the supervisor of Coca-Cola's operations in Mexico, and later all of Latin America. It was during the Fox presidency of Coca Cola Mexico that the product became Mexico's top-selling soft drink, increasing Coca-Cola's sales by almost 50%.[7]

Vicente Fox married a receptionist at Coca-Cola, Lilian de la Concha. They adopted four children, Ana Cristina, Vicente, Paulina, and Rodrigo.[8] In 1990, after 20 years of marriage, Lilian filed for and was granted a divorce.

Vicente Fox remarried on 2 July 2001 while in office as President. He married Marta María Sahagún Jiménez (until then his spokesperson). The date was the first anniversary of his presidential election and his 59th birthday. For both, this was their second marriage.

After retiring from Coca-Cola, Vicente Fox began to participate in various public activities in Guanajuato, where he created the "Patronato de la Casa Cuna Amigo Daniel", an orphanage. He was the president of the Patronato Loyola, a sponsor of the León campus of the Universidad Iberoamericana and of the Lux Institute.[9]

Early political career

With the support of Manuel Clouthier, Vicente Fox joined the Partido Acción Nacional on 1 March 1988. That same year he ran for and was elected to the federal Chamber of Deputies representing the Third Federal District in León, Guanajuato.[9]

Governor of Guanajuato

After serving in the Chamber of Deputies, Fox sought the governorship in Guanajuato in 1991, but lost to Ramón Aguirre Velázquez of the PRI. Following the election, local discontent was so great that the state Congress appointed Carlos Medina Plascencia of the PAN as interim governor.[10] Four years later, Fox ran again, winning by a vote of 2 to 1.[9]

As governor, Fox promoted government efficiency and transparency. He was one of the first state governors of Mexico to give a clear, public and timely account of the finances of his state.[11]

Fox pushed for the consolidation of small firms, promoted the overseas sales of goods manufactured in Guanajuato and created a unique system in which micro-credits with no overdue portfolio were granted.[clarification needed] Under Fox, the state became the fifth most important Mexican state economy.[11]

Campaign for President

File:DiazFoxMODO02.JPG
Items from Fox's presidential campaign on display at the Museo del Objeto del Objeto.

On 7 July 1997 (three years before the presidential election of 2000), Vicente Fox decided to run for President of Mexico. In spite of opposition within his party, Fox secured his candidacy representing the Alliance for Change, a political coalition formed by the National Action Party and the Green Ecological Party of Mexico on 14 November 1999.

During the course of his campaign a presidential debate was organized. There was a disagreement between the three main contenders, Fox, Francisco Labastida of the PRI and Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas of the PRD, and some of the arguments were broadcast on national television, notably the one on whether the debate should be held that same day or the following Friday.[12] For minutes, Fox kept repeating the word "Hoy" meaning "today," originating the famous phrase "hoy, hoy, hoy!" The other candidates decided to postpone the debate, but Fox used that day's airtime anyway. At first the action brought upon Fox criticism, but the slogan "today" gained support as it encapsulated Fox's idea of an improved future.[citation needed]

During the presidential debate his main opponent, Francisco Labastida, claimed in a nationally televised debate that Vicente Fox had repeatedly called him a "sissy" and a "cross-dresser".[13] Fox's campaign slogans were "¡Ya!" ("Right now!"), "Ya ganamos" ("We've already won") and "Vota Alianza por el Cambio" ("Vote for Alliance for Change").

Amigos de Fox

Amigos de Fox ("Friends of Fox") was a non-profit fundraising group established by Denise Montaño that was instrumental in getting Vicente Fox elected President of Mexico. The phrase was also used as a campaign slogan referring to the millions of people supporting Fox in the 2000 presidential elections.[14]

In 2003, money-laundering charges were lodged against the fund-raising group, but were dropped shortly before the July 2003 mid-term elections.[15]

Election results

File:Gerhard Schroeder Vicente Fox.jpg
Gerhard Schröder in Los Pinos with President Fox.

On 2 July 2000, (Fox's 58th birthday) he won the presidential election with 43% (15,989,636 votes) of the popular vote, followed by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) candidate Francisco Labastida with 36% (13,579,718 votes), and Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) with 17% (6,256,780 votes). Vicente Fox declared victory that same night, a victory which was ratified by President Zedillo. After the final results were announced, President-elect Vicente Fox met with thousands of supporters at the Angel of Independence monument in Mexico City, to address his supporters and celebrate his victory. His opponents conceded the election later that night.

President-elect Vicente Fox received an enormous amount of media coverage, as well as many congratulating messages and phone calls from world leaders including then President of the United States, Bill Clinton.

Fox took office as president on 1 December 2000, marking the first time in Mexico's history (the country had gained independence in 1821) that an incumbent government peacefully surrendered power to an elected representative of the opposition.

Presidency

See article Fox administration

Public image

Fox with Laura Bush, Marta Sahagún, and George W. Bush, Crawford, Texas, March 5, 2004

During his campaign for president, Vicente Fox became well known for his unique cowboy style and popular charisma. As speaker, Fox usually gathered big crowds in early years of his presidency.[16]

At six foot four, President Fox easily stood out in most crowds, and is believed to be one of the tallest presidents in Mexico's history.[17] After his inauguration, President Fox usually only wore suits for formal occasions, opting to wear his signature boots and jeans throughout his many visits around Mexico.[18]

Fox spread his image as one of peace and thus welcomed many to his own ranch in Guanajuato, Mexico. When President Fox welcomed U.S. President George W. Bush to his ranch in Guanajuato, both presidents were wearing Fox’s signature black cowboy boots, prompting the Wall Street Journal to call it “The Boot Summit”.[19]

Historian Philip Russell summarizes the strengths and weaknesses of Fox as president of Mexico:

Marketed on television, Fox made a far better candidate than he did president. He failed to take charge and provide cabinet leadership, failed to set priorities, and turned a blind eye to alliance building....By 2006, as political scientist Soledad Loaeza noted, "the eager candidate became a reluctant president who avoided tough choices and appeared hesitant and unable to hide the weariness caused by the responsibilities and constraints of the office." ....He had little success in fighting crime. Even though he maintained the macroeconomic stability inherited from his predecessor, economic growth barely exceeded the rate of population increase. Similarly, the lack of fiscal reform left tax collection at a rate similar to that of Haiti....Finally, during Fox's administration, only 1.4 million formal-sector jobs were created, leading to massive immigration to the United States and an explosive increase in informal employment.[20]

Controversial comments

File:Vicente Fox podium.jpg
Vicente Fox speaking
  • In March 2002, two days prior to the International Conference on Financing for Development held in Monterrey, Nuevo León. Fox called Cuban President Fidel Castro and instructed him to limit his comments about the United States, and that he should leave Mexico after he delivers his speech and eats a meal.[citation needed] This led Castro years later to call Fox "despicable and treacherous".[citation needed]
President Vicente Fox (left) with López Obrador (center) and former México State governor Arturo Montiel (right).
  • In May 2005, a controversy arose over comments Fox made during a meeting with Texas businesspeople in which he said, "There is no doubt that Mexicans, filled with dignity, willingness and ability to work, are doing jobs that not even blacks want to do there in the United States". This angered many African-Americans in the United States, prompting many black leaders to demand an apology from Fox. The Reverend Al Sharpton requested a formal apology from Fox to the African-American community and called for an economic boycott of Mexican products until an apology was received; he and many African-Americans felt that Fox's comments were insensitive and racist. The Reverend Jesse Jackson, during a news conference concerning Fox's statement about African-Americans, said that he felt that the comments were, "unwitting, unnecessary and inappropriate" and added that "[Fox's] statement had the impact of being inciting and divisive".[21]
  • On 30 May 2005, President Fox told reporters that the majority of the female homicides in Ciudad Juárez had been resolved and the perpetrators placed behind bars. He went on to criticize the media for "rehashing" the same 300 or 400 murders, and said matters needed to be seen in their "proper dimension".
  • In 2006, after Bolivian President Evo Morales refused to sell natural gas, Fox said, "Well, they'll either have to consume it all themselves or they're going to have to eat it."[23]
  • In yet another controversial move he decided to cancel the parade commemorating the 96th anniversary of the Mexican Revolution to take place 20 November, arguing that it is an obsolete celebration in which nobody wants to participate any more. Some analysts considered that this was a response to Andrés Manuel López Obrador's assumption of an alternative presidency to take place the same day. Some considered it a smart decision, while others viewed it as a sign of political weakness.[24]
  • On 8 March 2006, in the wake of the murder of Canadian couple Domenico and Nancy Ianiero at a resort in Cancun, Fox said that there was evidence that pointed to Canadian suspects from Thunder Bay, in order to assert that Cancun remained a safe vacation resort. Fox's comments were criticized by the Ianieros' lawyer Edward Greenspan for compromising the investigation, which Mexican authorities were considered to have largely mishandled. Quintana Roo attorney general Bello Melchor Rodriguez later stated that the Canadians were never considered as suspects.[25][26]
  • In November 2006, the TV network Telemundo released a video that had been recorded previous to an interview with President Fox in which he stated: "Ya hoy hablo libre, ya digo cualquier tontería, ya no importa, ya total, yo ya me voy" which means "Now, I speak freely. Now, I say whatever nonsense. It doesn't matter anymore. Anyway, I'm already leaving." Then, during the interview he talked about the violent situation in Oaxaca. The President's office complained about the release of this images and said he was not aware of the camera and microphones being turned on. News agency EFE accused Telemundo of acting unethically, because the video was EFE's intellectual property.[27]

Post-presidential life

Public speaking and advocacy

President Fox speaking

After leaving office in December 2006, Fox has maintained himself in the public eye by speaking in countries such as Nigeria, Ireland,[29] Canada and the United States about topics such as the controversial 2006 election and the Iraq War. In Mexico, Fox's busy post-presidency has caused much criticism because former Mexican presidents have been expected to stay out of the political spotlight. Nevertheless, Fox stated "There is no reason to hold to the anti-democratic rules of those who still live in the authoritarian past…now that Mexico is a democracy, every citizen has the right to express himself, even a former president."[30]


Vicente Fox joined 4 other Latin American Presidents at the One Young World Summit 2014 in Dublin, Ireland[31] to discuss the Telefonica Millennial Survey. He told those in the audience that eradicating corruption ‘has to start with education’ and that his focus is now on promoting leadership.[32]

Vicente Fox is a Member of the Global Leadership Foundation, a not-for-profit organization that offers, discreetly and confidentially, a range of experienced advisors to political leaders facing difficult situations.

File:CalderonFox.jpg
Fox with Felipe Calderón Hinojosa

In 2013, Fox discussed why the West has pursued a moral crusade against drugs at HowTheLightGetsIn festival in Hay-on-Wye.[33] with Chris Bryant and John Ralston Saul. The three debated whether it is hypocritical to ban certain drugs while continuing to export others such as alcohol and tobacco. Should we follow the lead of Washington and Colorado states in the U.S. and allow the free trading of drugs?

Vicente Fox gave a video interview in July 2013 to High Times, in which he discussed the failure of drug prohibition, and cited Portugal's decriminalization policies as "working splendid(ly)". He said he supports drug legalization despite not being a user himself, just as he said he also "fully respects" same-sex marriage although he does not personally agree with it.[34]

In February 2014, Fox wrote an opinion piece that was published in Toronto's Globe and Mail in which he stated: "Legalization of not just marijuana, but all drugs, is the right thing to do."[35]

He also said that "we must be given the very freedom to decide our own behaviour and to act responsibly, as long as we do not detrimentally affect the rights of others".[36]

Autobiography

File:Bush Fox Harper.jpg
Vicente Fox with President of The United States George W. Bush and Canada's Prime Minister Stephen Harper stand in front of "El Castillo" in Chichen Itza, March 30, 2006

Fox's autobiography, entitled Revolution of Hope: The Life, Faith and Dreams of a Mexican President, was released in September 2007.[37] To promote its release, Fox toured many U.S. cities to do book-signings and interviews with U.S. media. During his tour, however, he faced protests from Mexican immigrants who accused him of actions that forced them to emigrate and find jobs in the United States.[38] He faced the subject several times during interviews, such as one held with Fox News's Bill O'Reilly, who questioned him about the massive illegal immigration problem of Mexicans into the United States.[39] Finally, during an interview with Telemundo's Rubén Luengas, the interviewer asked Fox about allegations concerning some properties of Vicente Fox's wife, Marta Sahagún. After Fox explained the situation he asked the interviewer not to make false accusations and to prove what he was saying. Luengas said, "I'm telling you in your face, I'm not a liar." After this, Fox walked out of the studio, calling the interviewer a "liar", "vulgar", and "stupid".[40] Upon the book's release, many were surprised to read several excerpts in which Fox was highly critical of U.S. President George W. Bush, considered by many to be a close friend. For example, Fox wrote that Bush was "the cockiest guy I have ever met in my life", and claimed that he was surprised that Bush had ever made it to the White House. Later, in an interview with Larry King, Fox explained that this was a misunderstanding; what he meant by calling George W. Bush "cocky" was to say he was "confident".[41] Fox also referred to Bush in his autobiography as a "windshield cowboy", due to Bush's apparent fear of a horse Fox offered him to ride.[42]

Fox Center of Studies, Library and Museum

See: Vicente Fox Center of Studies, Library and Museum
File:Vicente Fox WEF 2003 cropped.jpg
Vicente Fox

On 12 January 2007,[43] over a month after he left office, Vicente Fox announced the construction of a center of studies, library and museum that has been labeled by the U.S. press as Mexico's first presidential library.[44][45][46] The project will be a library, museum, a center for the advancement of democracy, a study center and a hotel, and it will be completely privately funded.[47][48] It is expected to be a genuine U.S.-style presidential library. It will be built in Fox's home state of Guanajuato, in his home town of San Francisco del Rincón.

While museums are abundant throughout the country, there is nothing comparable to a presidential library where personal documents, records, and gifts amassed by the country's leader are opened to the public. Fox's library will be modeled after the Bill Clinton Library in Little Rock, Arkansas,[49] which, according to the former president, will allow Mexicans to enjoy, for the first time in Mexico’s history, the liberty to review the documents, images and records that made up his six years as president.[50]

According to the official website, the construction of the Center is in progress and advancing.[51] Final completion of the library was expected by late 2007.

There was news in the media on Centro Fox joining hands with UST Global to transform Mexico.[52] Fox stated in a press release that "UST Global is partnering Centro Fox in order to help accomplish nothing less than the transformation of my country into a world-class technology economy...Together, we will establish Mexico at the forefront of the information technology revolution in the region."

Centrist Democratic International

On 20 September 2007, Fox was elected Co-President of the Centrist Democratic International (along with the re-elected Pier Ferdinando Casini) at its leaders' meeting in Rome. The CDI is the international organization of political parties that counts Fox's party, the National Action Party, as a member.[53]

Statue controversy

File:Vicente fox quesada estatua solo.JPG
Statue of Vicente Fox in Boca del Río, Veracruz.

In October 2007, an announcement was made in the municipality of Boca del Río, Veracruz, that a 3-meter (10 ft) statue of Vicente Fox was to be erected to honor the former president. This aroused much criticism from the opposition Party of the Democratic Revolution and Mexican media "towards Boca del Río's mayor", "who is affiliated with the National Action Party, of which Fox is also a member".

The statue was put in place amidst protests on the dawn of 13 October 2007. The inauguration was to have been held on 14 October. Some hours after the installation, a crowd of about 100 people brought the statue down with a rope, damaging it. The statue was put back in place for the inauguration, then taken away for repairs.[54]

PAN members accused Veracruz's governor, Fidel Herrera Beltrán, of "ordering the attack on the statue", while Fox called him intolerant. Some sources in the media considered that the installation of the statue was inappropriate, since former President Fox was facing allegations relating to an illicit enrichment scandal.

Many of the protesters were members of the center-left Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI),[citation needed] which governed Mexico for much of the 20th century, until Fox (of the National Action Party [PAN]) won the 2000 presidential election, ousting the PRI from power.[55]

Honours

Ancestry

See also

Sources

Schmidt, Samuel. 2000. Mexico encadenado. El legado de Zedillo y los retos de Fox. Mexico D.F.: Colibri

Notes

  1. ↑ Who's Who at CDI-IDC
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ es:CentroFox.org.mx
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Ancestry.com. Cincinnati, Ohio Directory, 1890-91 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: MyFamily.com, Inc., 2000. Original data: Cincinnati, OH, USA: Williams & Co., 1890.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Biography of Vicente Fox Archived September 18, 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Biography of Vicente Fox, United Nations. (accessed January 20, 2010)
  12. ↑ Encyclopedia.com Archived October 2, 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ↑ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/813206.stm
  14. ↑ LaRaza.com Archived June 4, 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ↑ AlertNet.org
  16. ↑ Salon.com News | Fox is it
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Google Image Search
  19. ↑ Google Image Search
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ "Mexican leader criticized for comment on blacks," CNN.com, May 15, 2005.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 "Vuelve Fox a incurrir en error cultural en discurso,", El Universal, México.
  23. ↑ "Evo pide a Fox que no trate de humillarlo por presunta negativa a vender gas a México" 24 de Marzo de 2008.
  24. ↑ "Cancela Fox, porque son “tiempos democráticos”, el desfile deportivo del 20 de noviembre; PRI considera que cedió la plaza a López 24 de Marzo de 2008.
  25. ↑ Suspects in Ianiero murder likely Canadian: Fox March 29, 2006
  26. ↑ A timeline of the case July 26, 2006 Archived March 14, 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ↑ El Porvenir | Nacional | 'Puedo decir cualquier tontería... ya me voy: Fox
  28. ↑ Fox incurre en error al felicitar a Vargas Llosa October 7, 2010
  29. ↑ http://survey.telefonica.com/category/blog/oneyoungworld/
  30. ↑ Wall, Allan. "Fox Redefines the Role of Past Mexican Presidents." (accessed January 20, 2010)
  31. ↑ http://centrofox.org.mx/en/vicente-fox-participa-en-cumbre-mundial-one-young-world-2014/
  32. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M8jiHvvGcv4&list=UUFnB6jXxfLsD3CmNIZ8iYCg
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Fox, Vicente. "For Mexico, legalization is freedom." (accessed February 18, 2014)
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Clock ticking for Allyn on Fox book | Dallas Morning News | News for Dallas, Texas | Arts & Entertainment[dead link]
  38. ↑ Fox reaparece en Los Ángeles; entre protestas, defiende logros - El Universal - México
  39. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  40. ↑ Entrevista con Vicente Fox causa polémica - Noticias - KVEA Los Angeles[dead link]
  41. ↑ Polémica por gira de Fox[dead link]
  42. ↑ Vicente Fox: Bush a "windshield cowboy" who's scared of horses | Corrente
  43. ↑ AND Fox&siteelnorte Harán realidad a 'Foxilandia' by Grupo Reforma
  44. ↑ SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Mexico - Fox gets award for reform in Mexico
  45. ↑ [1] Archived September 28, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  46. ↑ MySA.com: Metro | State[dead link]
  47. ↑ Interesa a IP 'Foxilandia' by Grupo Reforma
  48. ↑ Callan sobre inversión en 'Foxilandia' by Grupo Reforma
  49. ↑ Fox looks to cement his place in history | The San Diego Union-Tribune
  50. ↑ [2] Archived October 12, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  51. ↑ Fox Center. Archived September 28, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  52. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  53. ↑ Portail d'informations Ce site est en vente![dead link]
  54. ↑ La Prensa Latina » Blog Archive » Derriban estatua de Vicente Fox[dead link]
  55. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  56. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  57. ↑ Lithuanian Presidency website, search form
  58. ↑ Boletín Oficial del Estado

External links

Political offices
Preceded by President of Mexico
2000–2006		 Succeeded by
Felipe Calderón
Preceded by
unknown
 Co-President of Centrist Democrat International
2006–present		 Incumbent
Party political offices
Preceded by PAN presidential candidate
2000		 Succeeded by
Felipe Calderón
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