Vodafone Park

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Vodafone Park
Eagle's Nest (Kartal Yuvası)
250px
Beşiktaş J.K. vs Bursaspor 11 April 2016 (5).jpg
Former names Vodafone Arena[1] (2016–2017)
Location Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey
Coordinates Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Owner Beşiktaş J.K.
Operator Beşiktaş J.K.
Executive suites 147
Capacity 41,188[2]
Record attendance 39,623
(20 April 2017,
Beşiktaş-O. Lyon)
Field size 105 by 68 metres (115 yd × 74 yd)
Surface Hybrid grass
Construction
Broke ground October 2013
Opened 11 April 2016
Construction cost EUR € 110 million (approximate)[3]
Architect Bünyamin Derman,
Metin Demir[4]
General contractor Beşiktaş İnşaat A.Ş.
Tenants
Beşiktaş J.K. (2016–present)
Website
www.vodafonepark.com.tr

Vodafone Park is an all-seater, multi-purpose stadium in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey.[5][6] It is the home ground of Beşiktaş JK. The stadium was built on the site of Beşiktaş's former home, BJK İnönü Stadium. It has a capacity of approximately 41,188 spectators, after initially being planned for 41,903. On August 14, 2019, the stadium hosted the 2019 UEFA Super Cup.

Vodafone Park houses 144 executive suites, and one "1903 Lounge" which can entertain up to 1,903 spectators in total. The "1903 stand" has a capacity of 636 spectators. VIP seats in the stadium are equipped with the FUNTORO Stadium & Arena solution — high definition interactive monitors which provide a live TV broadcast, advertising systems, player information etc. The new stadium also has 2,123 square metres of restaurants, 2,520 square metres of terrace restaurants and a VIP parking capacity of 600 vehicles. The ground is a 'smart stadium', where fans enjoy StadiumVision and high-speed Wi-Fi technology, planned in conjunction with Cisco.[7]

Demolition works on the BJK İnönü Stadium started on 2 June 2013, following the end of promotion play-offs for the TFF First League. The estimated cost of the project at the time was around $80 million. The new stadium was designed by Bünyamin Derman of DB architects. The old stadium was demolished, except for the Eski Açık stand, since this stand and its towers are considered historical monuments by the government. The Eski Açık stand was re-arranged to resemble the look of an antique amphitheatre. The new stadium was designed to be "in harmony with the natural and historic landscape of the Bosphorus" when seen from the sea.

History

Location

In 1936, the French architect and city planner Henri Prost (1874–1959) was invited to Turkey by President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. He was tasked with the preparation of Istanbul's rough-cut urban planning and rebuilding, which lasted until 1951. In the first plan, Prost thought that the district of Şişli might be a good location for a city stadium. However, the governor of Istanbul, Muhittin Üstündağ, asked Prost to put the stadium to Dolmabahçe district instead of the stable of the Dolmabahçe Palace as a fait accompli in his master city plan, which came into force in 1939.

File:Stable of Dolmabahce.jpg
262x262px

Construction

The BJK İnönü Stadium, originally named the Dolmabahçe Stadium, was designed by Italian architect Paolo Vietti-Violi, who collaborated with Turkish architects Şinasi Şahingiray and Fazıl Aysu for preparing the project. The first foundation was laid on 19 May 1939, but construction was halted due to the outbreak of the Second World War. The stadium was inaugurated on 19 May 1947, by İsmet İnönü, the second President of Turkey and himself a Beşiktaş fan, and Lütfi Kırdar, the Governor of Istanbul.

The initial capacity was 16,000. In the original project plan, there were two bronze statues of athlete figures at the Eski Açık stand: one throwing a discus, and the other throwing a javelin. However, the statues were never built due to financial concerns. The oil factory which was found behind the stadium was demolished to construct the Yeni Açık stand at the west part of the stadium in 1950 (hence the name Yeni Açık, meaning the New Open-top; referring to the two covered stands (Numaralı and Kapalı) and the two open-top stands (Eski Açık and Yeni Açık). In 1952, the stadium was renamed as the Mithat Paşa Stadium, and later in 1973, it was renamed as the İnönü Stadium.[8] A leasing contract was signed between Beşiktaş JK and the Ministry of Youth and Sports in February 1998 which gave all usage rights of the İnönü Stadium to Beşiktaş JK for 49 years.

First Football Match

The first football match at the Dolmabahçe Stadium took place between Beşiktaş JK and AIK Stockholm of Sweden, on 27 November 1947, and the first goal in the stadium was scored by Süleyman Seba; the most famous and longest-presiding President of the club (in the 1980s and 1990s) when he used to be a player for Beşiktaş JK. Beşiktaş lost this match 3–2.

Galatasaray S.K. and Fenerbahce S.K. shared the stadium with Beşiktaş JK for many years, before the construction of the Ali Sami Yen Stadium for Galatasaray in 1964, and the renovation of the Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium for Fenerbahçe S.K. in 1982.

First Woman Referee

Vodafone Park witnessed the first woman referee in a major European men’s football match when French referee Stéphanie Frappart took charge the football match in Vodafone Park on 14/08/2019, between Liverpool and Chelsea in the UEFA Super Cup.[9]

Renovation

Renovation work took place at the BJK İnönü Stadium in 2004. The tartan track was removed within the scope of these activities and the ground level was lowered by 4 metres to increase the capacity of the stadium to 32,145 spectators. The press seats were relocated to the Numaralı stand from the Kapalı stand. The lounges that were found in the middle of the Kapalı stand were demolished. The number of gates was doubled. A press centre for Beşiktaş TV was built inside the stadium. The restrooms and food counters were renovated. The Yeni Açık stand was covered with a metallic structure. The work was done in compliance with UEFA standards.

New Stadium Project

Due to the unique location of the BJK İnönü Stadium, which is considered one of the best in the world,[10] and its legal status as a "historic monument" protected by the Turkish High Council of Monuments, the renewal project had to be modified and postponed several times and all official requests, efforts, renewal attempts were denied. In 2008, former club president Yildirim Demirören launched a project designed by HOK sports, with a design capacity of 42,000 spectators. However, this project was also cancelled because of concerns regarding how the new project didn't suit the historical environment of Beşiktaş. Finally, in 2013, current club president Fikret Orman completed the administrative procedures after extended bureaucratic exchanges, and received all required permissions by proposing specific design goals.

December 2016 bombing

On 10 December 2016, two bombs exploded outside the stadium, killing at least 46 (38 police officers, 8 civilians) and injuring 136. The first and larger explosion took place at about 7:30 p.m. after home team Beşiktaş defeated visitors Bursaspor 2-1 in the Turkish Super League. An official with knowledge of the attack said that the timing of the bombing aimed to maximize the loss of life. However, the civilian death toll was lower because fans had already left the stadium after the match. Witnesses also reported hearing gunfire after the explosions. Officials have said that the first explosion was caused by a passing vehicle that detonated in an area where police special forces were located at the stadium exit. A riot police bus appeared to have been the target. Turkish officials said a person who had been stopped by police in nearby Maçka Park committed suicide by triggering explosives moments later.

2017 Name Change

On 26 May 2017 Turkish President Erdogan announced he had instructed his minister of sports to remove the word 'arena' from all stadiums across the country.[11] One day later, the TFF (Turkish Football Federation) confirmed the word would be removed accordingly. One week after, Beşiktaş JK announced the Vodafone Arena was renamed to Vodafone Park.[12]

Design

Vodafone Park was designed by the architectural firm DB Architects.[13] Bünyamin Derman served as the project's Architect of record. The stadium meets UEFA Category 4 criteria, the strictest in the ranking defined by UEFA regulations for stadium infrastructure.

Vodafone Park differs from modern stadiums by 3 design goals imposed by the authority and nature of the construction site. Thanks to these design goals "the architecture of the stadium reflects history, heritage and prosperity."

Colosseum (Coliseum) Architecture

Due to the proximity of Dolmabahçe Palace, the Dolmabahçe Clock Tower, the Dolmabahçe Mosque and of course the Bosphorus, the Turkish High Council of Monuments demanded a more historic look which should fit the surrounding historical area. Most of the proposed architectural designs for the new stadium were modern structures, with glossy external surfaces made from metal, glass or composite materials. To accomplish the first design goal, a colosseum architecture was proposed to and accepted by the high council. Colosseum architecture was previously used in stadiums such as the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Busch Memorial Stadium, but mostly several decades ago.

Waveform Stands

In modern stadiums the height of the stands are generally at the same level. Since the construction site of Vodafone Park is narrow and surrounded by roads, the height of the stands decrease specifically at the corners and widen at the edges. The varying elevation creates a significant waveform-shape in the stands and gives a traditional look. The height of the east stand is lower - which is another design goal imposed by the High Council so as not affect the silhouette of the Bosphorus.

Elliptical Design

The design of the majority of modern football stadiums are mostly square, rectangular with rounded corners, or circular. Some older stadiums include tartan tracks - especially Olympic stadiums. Due to the tartan tracks, these stadiums have elliptical forms like the old İnönü stadium. To be faithful to the previous architecture designed in 1939 and coherent with the two remaining historical towers of the old Inönü stadium, Vodafone Park also has an elliptical form, although there is no tartan track inside the stadium. The design repeats the same idea of perfect symmetry reached in 1939 by extending the main arc between the two old towers throughout the structure.

Development

Environmental Compatibility

The new stadium project aimed to ensure a low environmental impact via the use of state of the art sustainable technologies. The stadium was constructed to reduce energy consumption from non-renewable energy sources by reducing waste and optimizing the resources available. The Green Building concept of Vodafone Park ensures environmentally friendly and resource efficient processes at each stage of construction, from site selection and design to construction by using Green Building certified construction materials, to seek the minimum possible impact on the environment.

The stadium will produce electricity using solar energy captured through photovoltaic panels[14] capable of producing 500 kVA per year. This corresponds to the annual electricity consumption of about 100 average households and a CO2 saving of around 250 tonnes. The stadium will store rainwater in cisterns to use later for watering the pitch and other purposes. These alternative energy sources are aimed at helping the stadium meet the criteria dictated by the Kyoto protocol by generating multiple results:

  • Intensive exploitation of solar energy through solar tracker tools
  • Reductions of greenhouse gases[15]
  • No production of chemical or acoustic emissions[16]
  • No air pollution
  • No risk of fire
  • Rainwater harvesting[17]

All concrete and metal parts from the demolished BJK Inönü Stadium were separated and reused; other materials were divided into categories, in order to be recycled, resold, or reused.

Historical Monument

The Eastern-side stand was called Eski Açık (Old Tribune) with a seating capacity of 7,962. There are two towers on the left and right side of the Eski Açık stands and an iron gate in the middle of 2 towers. The towers and the gate were preserved as a historical monument during the construction of the new stadium.

Naming Rights

Beşiktaş signed a $145 million deal with Vodafone on 21 August 2013. The deal includes shirt sponsorship for 3 years (+2 optional years that were used), stadium naming rights (to be named 'Vodafone Park'), advertising, and stadium technology infrastructure investment rights for 10 (+5 optional) years.

Facts

Awards

  • Vodafone Park received the Environmentally Friendly Award[18] on 30 April 2015 during the 4th Green Economy Awards Ceremony.
  • Vodafone Park received Best "Stadium of the Year 2016" Award in a public vote and also was chosen as 2nd best "Stadium of the Year 2016" after London Stadium in by an expert panel of five juries.[19] Vodafone Park obtained more points in the "Relation with surroundings" category (7.600) than London Stadium (7.000) thanks to the design goals explained above.
  • Vodafone Park received "Project of the Year Award at The Stadium Business Design & Development Summit" in 2017,[20] surpassing Wanda Metropolitano in Madrid – where the event was held – and the T-Mobile Arena in Las Vegas.

Construction of the Foundation

  • Bore pile used: 10,8 km[21]
  • Anchorage: 28,5 km
  • Nails used: 2,2 km
  • Depth: 30 meters
  • Soil excavated for foundation: 760.000 m3 [22]

Capacity

  • Total: 41,903[23]
  • Number of Suites:147
  • Suite Seats: 1847
  • VIP Parking: 350
  • VIP Seats: 2100
  • Handicap Seats: 81 (+ 81 for companions)
  • Press Seats: 186

Pitch Dimensions

  • Distance between goal line and stands: 7,95 m
  • Distance between touch line and stand: 6,15 m

Roof

The lightweight cable roof is designed as a classic looped cable roof containing one compression and one tension ring. The majority of the roof is covered with a membrane and is composed of 260 tons of 246 rope assemblies. The inner tension ring, which is made of 8 Ø110 mm full locked coil ropes with a single length of nearly 200 meters, is connected to the outer compression ring by radial cables that consist of full locked coil ropes with Ø110, Ø85, Ø65 and Ø45 mm.[24]

Concerts

BJK İnönü Stadium Era

Previously, while Vodafone Park was the BJK İnönü Stadium, it had been used for many major music concerts including:

Vodafone Park Era

Surroundings

Due to the nearby presence of Dolmabahçe Palace and Dolmabahçe Mosque, Vodafone Park's height was kept under 32 meters. In the old İnönü Stadium, the Dolmabahçe Clock Tower could be seen from 2 different stands, more precisely from the Kapalı and Yeni Açık stands. On matchdays, TV broadcast cameras would often focus on the tower, creating a memorable image for viewers. Like the clock tower, the Dolmabahçe Mosque was also visible from two stands.[citation needed]

Wooded Road

The Wooded Road

From the Beşiktaş district, supporters and visitors traditionally approach the stadium through the historical Dolmabahçe Street, called "Ağaçlı Yol" (the Wooded Road) in Turkish. This ritual from the İnönü Stadium days takes place on match days and is a source of inspiration for several songs and chants written in the past.

Dolmabahçe Palace

Dolmabahçe Palace

Dolmabahçe Palace was built by Sultan Abdulmecid (1839–1861), who was the 31st Ottoman Sultan. The palace, whose construction commenced on 13 June 1843, was brought into use on 7 June 1856, upon completion of surrounding walls. The palace consists of three mainparts, named as the Imperial Mabeyn (State Apartments), Muayede Salon (Ceremonial Hall) and the Imperial Harem. The Imperial Mabeyn was allocated for administrative affairs of the state, the Imperial Harem was allocated for the private lives of the sultan and his family, and the Muayede Salon, placed between these two sections, was allocated for exchanging of "bayram" greetings between the sultan and dignitary statesmen along with use for some important state ceremonies. The main building is three storeys (including the basement) on the side which is parallel to sea and four storeys on the inland side, involving the Harem quarters with the musandıra (garret) floor.

Dolmabahçe Clock Tower

Dolmabahçe Mosque

Dolmabahçe Clock Tower is a clock tower situated outside Dolmabahçe Palace. The tower was constructed by the famous Armenian architect Sarkis Balyan between 1890 and 1895 with the order of Ottoman sultan Abdul Hamid II (1842–1918). Designed in Ottoman neo-baroque style, the four-sided, four-storey tower stands at a height of 27 metres. Its clock was manufactured by the renowned French clockmaker house of Jean-Paul Garnier, and installed by the court clock master Johann Mayer. In 1979, the original mechanical clock was converted partly to an electrical one. On two opposite sides of the tower, the tughra of Sultan Abdul Hamid II is found.

Dolmabahçe Mosque

Dolmabahçe Mosque is located in the south of Dolmabahçe Palace, on the coast. It was originally commissioned by the mother of Sultan Abdülmecid, Bezm-i Alem Valide Sultan After her death, it was continued by Sultan Abdülmecid. The mosque was completed in 1855; its architect is Garabet Balyan. Dolmabahçe Mosque is one of the ornamented mosques constructed in Baroque style. Since the mosque is adjacent to the palace, a two storey Sultan maksoorah was constructed on the front part where the Sultan and statesmen could perform their prayers and where public processions and meetings could be accommodated. Circular window design, which is rarely seen in Turkish mosque architecture, gives the building a different look with its peacock-tail design. The mosque has two minarets with a single balcony. The interior has a decoration with a mixture of baroque and ampere styles. From the dome hangs a precious chandelier.

Inauguration

Inauguration day, Red Carpet on the Wooded Road
Besiktas District, view from Üsküdar on Inauguration Day

The opening ceremony of the stadium was held on 11 April 2016,[26][27] with a Süper Lig match against Bursaspor on matchday 28. Beşiktaş fans walked down the Wooded Road along the red carpet laid between Beşiktaş and Kabataş. Fans had been lighting flares since 16:00 in the Beşiktaş district, well before the opening ceremony. The game ended 3–2 with two goals from Mario Gómez and one from Alexis for Beşiktaş.[28] In the 22nd minute of the game, during an attack initiated by Oğuzhan Özyakup, the ball met José Sosa, who sent a fine pass behind the defense outside the penalty area. Gómez controlled it in the penalty area, slipped away from goalkeeper Harun Tekin and scored the very first goal at Vodafone Park.

Details

11 April 2016
20:00 GMT+2
Beşiktaş 3–2 Bursaspor
Gómez Goal 22', 58'
Alexis Goal 53'		 Traoré Goal 29'
Stoch Goal 71'
Vodafone Park, Istanbul
Attendance: 38,420
Referee: Barış Şimşek
Beşiktaş
Bursaspor
Beşiktaş (4–2–3-1):
GK 29 Turkey Tolga Zengin
RB 2 Turkey Serdar Kurtuluş Substituted off 84'
CB 30 Brazil Marcelo
CB 12 Spain Alexis
LB 3 Turkey İsmail Köybaşı Substituted off 83'
DM 13 Canada Atiba Hutchinson
LW 10 Turkey Olcay Şahan Substituted off 71'
RW 17 Portugal Ricardo Quaresma Booked 90' Yellow cardYellow cardRed card 90'
AM 15 Turkey Oğuzhan Özyakup
AM 5 Argentina José Sosa
CF 33 Germany Mario Gómez
Substitutions:
DM 20 Turkey Necip Uysal Substituted in 71'
LB 6 Serbia Duško Tošić Substituted in 83'
RB 32 Germany Andreas Beck Substituted in 84'
Manager:
Şenol Güneş
Bursaspor (4–4–2):
GK 1 Turkey Harun Tekin
RB 3 Turkey Emre Taşdemir
CB 23 Australia Aziz Behich
CB 66 Czech Republic Tomáš Sivok Booked 23'
LB 6 Turkey Şamil Çinaz
RM 8 Mali Bakaye Traoré Substituted off 64'
CM 18 Argentina Pablo Batalla Booked 59'
CM 21 Japan Hajime Hosogai Booked 45' Yellow cardYellow cardRed card 90'
LM 91 Senegal Ricardo Faty Substituted off 75' Booked 55'
CF 15 Czech Republic Tomáš Necid Substituted off 64'
CF 88 Turkey Deniz Yılmaz
Substitutions:
DM 68 Turkey Jem Karacan Substituted in 64' Booked 68'
LB 89 Slovakia Miroslav Stoch Substituted in 64' Booked 90'
RB 14 Chile Cristóbal Jorquera Substituted in 75'
Manager:
Hamza Hamzaoğlu

Panorama

A panorama overview of Vodafone Park during its opening ceremony.
A panorama overview of Vodafone Park during its opening ceremony.

Transport Connections

Vodafone Park is a 5-minute walk from Taksim Square, a busy transportation hub located in the heart of the Istanbul city centre. The area is served by various bus lines, Taksim metro train station (M2), Kabataş tram station (T1) and Taksim-Kabataş funicular (F1). Scheduled sea transport services are also available for visitors arriving from the Anatolian side of the city, steamships operate services to and from Beşiktaş and Kabataş ferry wharves, whilst the Kabataş wharf is also served by sea buses.[29][30]

File:Vodafone Arena Stadium Map.png
A map of Vodafone Park in relation to Taksim train station, Kabataş and Taksim funicular stations, Kabataş tram station, and the Beşiktaş and Kabataş ferry wharves.

Nearby stations and wharves:

Service/Operator Station/Wharf Line
Train 60px Taksim train station Handicapped/disabled access 30px Yenikapı ↔ Hacıosman
Tram 60px Kabataş tram station 30px Bağcılar ↔ Kabataş
Funicular 60x60px Kabataş and Taksim funicular stations 30px Taksim ↔ Kabataş
Steamship Beşiktaş Wharf Kadıköy ↔ Beşiktaş

Üsküdar ↔ Beşiktaş
Kabataş Wharf (closed until 2018)[31] Kadıköy ↔ Kabataş

Üsküdar ↔ Kabataş
Sea bus 60px Kabataş Wharf (closed until 2018) Bostancı ↔ Kabataş

Bursa ↔ Kadıköy ↔ Kabataş

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.ntv.com.tr/spor/vodafone-arenanin-ismi-vodafone-park-oldu,ie2JNTJjs0CdH544UglGhQ
  2. ↑ [1]
  3. ↑ http://www.ntvspor.net/foto-galeri/iste-vodafone-arenanin-maliyeti/4
  4. ↑ http://www.mustafavmms.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/vodafone-arena-16.03.2016-33.jpg
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/Default.aspx?pageID=238&nid=52919
  7. ↑ http://www.insideworldfootball.com/world-football/europe/13113-besiktas-and-vodafone-sign-turkey-s-biggest-ever-sponsorship
  8. ↑ http://spor.haber3.com/inonu-stat-degil-tarih-haberi-612609h.htm
  9. ↑ https://www.france24.com/en/20190813-football-uefa-super-cup-france-woman-referee-frappart-history-liverpool-chelsea-istanbul
  10. ↑ [2]
  11. ↑ [3]
  12. ↑ [4]
  13. ↑ http://www.dbarchitects.com.tr/bjk-vodafone-arena/
  14. ↑ http://spor.gazetevatan.com/haber/inonu-elektrik-santrali/565856/5
  15. ↑ http://www.aksam.com.tr/spor/besiktas/besiktasin-yeni-stadi-boyle-olacak/haber-284321
  16. ↑ http://www.aksam.com.tr/spor/besiktas/besiktasin-yeni-stadi-boyle-olacak/haber-284321
  17. ↑ http://www.aksam.com.tr/spor/besiktas/besiktasin-yeni-stadi-boyle-olacak/haber-284321
  18. ↑ http://www.bjk.com.tr/tr/haber/62475/vodafone_arena_rsquo_ya_cevreye_uyumlu_stat_odulu.tr.html
  19. ↑ http://stadiumdb.com/competitions/stadium_of_the_year_2016
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ http://www.geotem.com/besiktas-inonu-stadyumu_115.html
  22. ↑ http://www.fanatik.com.tr/2014/08/04/inonunun-harfiyatina-76-bin-kamyon-380260
  23. ↑ http://www.radikal.com.tr/spor/besiktasin_yeni_stadi_vodafone_arenanin_tanitimi_yapildi-1176492
  24. ↑ https://www.linkedin.com/company/fatzer-ag-wire-ropes
  25. ↑ http://www.gazetevatan.com/50-bin-bana-az-1182247-magazin/
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

Preceded by UEFA Super Cup
Host Venue
2019		 Succeeded by
Estádio do Dragão
Porto

Template:Beşiktaş, Istanbul

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